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High intensity proton drivers are of utmost importance as a source of secondary particles in practically every scientific discipline. Neutron sources are essential tools for studying new medicines and materials by means of neutron scattering, enabling scientists to understand the structure of underlying materials and medicines. Proton and ion sources enable study of the formation of matter itself with unparalleled precision. Protons may be used to produce muons; studies of properties such as underlying magnetic structure can be achieved using low energy muon sources and techniques such as muon spin spectroscopy. Subsequent acceleration of muons to high energy may facilitate the construction of a muon collider. Some of the most important fundamental physics involves study of the behaviour of exotic secondary particles such as neutrinos, pions and kaons which are produced using protons.
Despite the essential task performed by existing facilities, Europe does not have sufficient proton sources to meet demand. All facilities are heavily oversubscribed. In Europe the availability of neutron spallation sources is expected to decrease despite the opening of ESS (a new facility) and increasing demand. In fundamental physics, studies are ongoing to determine the pathway for the CERN proton accelerator complex should a e+e- collider be approved, as appears likely in the current climate.
In this study, we propose examination of the necessary components for high intensity proton beam operation and particle production. We will study potential options to upgrade the existing European facilities and deliver important technology R&D to deliver these upgrades. Existing and novel particle accelerator technologies will be studied examining potential to deliver higher beam power at existing or new proton complexes. Targetry techniques will be examined and advanced concepts will be developed such as liquid or granular targets.