Much progress has been made in understanding the Higgs boson in the ten years since its discovery. This has enabled its use as a window into potential physics beyond the Standard Model, which may be inaccessible through any other means at present experiments. Higgs boson pair production enables us to directly measure the shape of the Higgs potential via its self-interaction, with far-reaching implications from our understanding of the electroweak vacuum to baryogenesis in the early Universe. Experimental constraints on this process at the LHC are sensitive both to direct production of new particles that might decay to HH, as well as indirect effects from fields that could interact with the Higgs in other ways, including at higher energy scales. This talk will present the theoretical background and latest results on Higgs boson pair production, highlighting some of the experimental challenges and modern approaches for overcoming them. Focus will be given to recent ATLAS results, and the bbbb final state in particular.