STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: A bit of a
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that's good so yes, if you're one of these people that keep track of the Co. 2,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this is where we are now, and compared to a year ago. That's probably increase temporary effects happening possibly to do it. That is increasing this. So what will I cover today?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I will introduce you to the client emergency best to make sure that. We know the basics here, and I'll talk about Co 2 equivalent emissions and solution coming from things that we deal with in particle physics. So so accelerators, detectors, computing, and a bit of the rest as well.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And we'll talk about possible recommendations and way forwards and and solution to all this. And of course there's a big disclaimer here. I'm not a climate or energy scientist, so somebody in the room might know way more than than I do. This is just my hobby.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and my research is on access. So I have lots of access here, which means I also have an energy frontier, but I like energy frontier providers. And so I can talk about this. But I think what I'll mention is also quite applicable to other areas of protocol physics. Okay, so what do we mean by
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: an emergency? So the Ipcc, the panel on climate change? Has done various reports and statements. And because this is an international panel where every word has to be vetted by many, many people and countries. These are quite
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: pain, if you like, were conservative in their statement, and even them say that the recent changes are widespread, rapid, inticifying, and unprecedented in thousands of years.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: not only that, but this is a typical that they produce where the X axis is time, and you can see there's also a zoom into the since the industrial period, and on the Y-axis is the temperature anomaly. So this is the change in temperature that we see with respect to some baseline and different groups will have different baselines. You can see
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: then, the baseline that they that we use. So 1850 to 1,900. And you can see that black line. Here is the observed temperatures, and then overlay on. That is a simulated natural only effects that those systems would have on this temperature, and only
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and you can see it doesn't agree with the data. And instead, if you add to these natural effects of the human induced effects. Then you see that that agrees much better with the data, and that there are large uncertainties as well. So in this field, just like in our field uncertainties. Are very important.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And so, but you can see that essentially the model where there are natural effect, human effects agrees much better with the data. And so this is the unconscious statement that the current first of all, that there is currently an increase in temperature, second, that this is due to human activities.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the reason for this is sort of understood physics, which is the concentration of greenhouse gases. So you have the main ones here. CO, 2. Methane, which is exile. And so not surprisingly. You see an increase in those concentrations, and that's what translates into an increase in surface temperatures.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What the Ipcc also reports and their various reports that they produce every few years in terms of the status of the science on all sort of different things are, for example, the change that we expect to have on different regions of the globes for various things so this could be. It's hard to read them. But this could be upstream. This could be added. This could be agricultural and ecological
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: drought, and so they tried to make prediction as to this temperature increase and other phenomena. What sort of impact is improvement have? And the reason why I like showing this is that the number of dots in each of these sounds is representative of the level of certainty that they have, that this will happen at the level that they say 12. So again, this is something we recognize as scientists that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it's not just about predicting with the effects are going to be, but also quantifying our level of certainty with respect to that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, now, on the policy side. So the Uk Parliament was the first to approve a motion to declare an environment and climate emergency in 2,019, and actually before that, it had a climate change act from 2,008, which enshrines in law that the Government has to put in place policies that are consistent with its target in terms of Co 2 reduction
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: despite that out of the top 10 greenhouse gas emitters only if you have legally binding target at the moment.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And also the pandemic, which was a very big effect. Right? So if you remember, we were all stuck at home. Couldn't travel anywhere even factories were closed. Transport with them. So you would think, oh, this must have had a massive effect on gas emission fossil emissions that year. And actually, it's a it's a blip. It's that tiny blip here. It was about
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 4% reduction from you know, bringing the entire world to a standstill. So that's that's the scale that we're facing is that essentially, you need the sort of the the effect of the panel every single year. For the next, you know. 30 years in order to deal with the amount of emissions. So anytime emissions have been flat
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: or reduce. There was massive world scale, you know, events like world wars and and things like that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So you're probably familiar with the 2015 Price Agreement which aims to stay way below 2 degrees and possibly 1.5 in various countries have to make pledges, and then they have to review their pledges and and and do all of this. There are various groups that monitor the impact of those pledges, whether they're getting implemented and and putting what the consequences are. And the thing to remember is that there is with this call and ambition. Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And so you can look at various. First of this plot is on the X-axis again. It's the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: there you go. It's the it's the time, and then on the Y is the emissions. That's Co 2 equivalent. And so this is historically, you know that that upward trend. And then essentially, you. You want to have less 0, which means you need to sort of go all the way down here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In order to reach around there in 2050. That's what we need to keep temperatures increase to 1.5, which is the safe level. If you go beyond that, then we start thinking tipping points, and also the things could happen, especially that again, as we said, our large uncertainties.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Right? So, we have to take that into account. This is, what happens with current policies and action? Then there are various targets, even the most optimistic scenario and the most optimistic targets. Whether every country would implement what they said they were going to. We're we're still not quite there. Okay, so there's has to be an even more thing of ambition
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that so another plot. Here is.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now it's going to do several of them, maybe.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Let's see here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I need
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: what you trying to do. I'm pushing for the next slide slide for the next.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Anything. But it's not happening. and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: thanks so quickly
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: frozen.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's interesting you didn't like this line at all
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: miss that mask here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So let's see if we can.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so let's try seeing how we get off. So this up here again time, but this time is the temperature only, and then, depending on various scenarios, can make a different projection. Now you might be wondering. You know, what's the big deal with 2 degrees 3 degrees, I mean, in one day, especially in the Uk, we go through way. More temperature differences than that. Of course, those are global average temperatures.
And
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to give you a sense the difference between now and being in the deep event, ice age is about 5 degrees of those global average temperatures, and everybody agrees that if we were to reach 4 degrees of increase compared to pre industrial time, there's no way that our human civilization could sustain that because it it would, it would make the planet be so different to where it is now, but
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that that that would not work. Luckily we're not quite there, but we're not very far from it, and as we mentioned, there might be systems that they can. That then, makes those temperatures increase.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so this was your little sort of 2 min primer on the climate emergency. So now let's talk about emissions from our field. That starts with accelerators. And we can talk about operation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I work 2122 power is about 180 megawatt, which is about the third of the city of Geneva for comparison and per year. It spends about that much energy which is about 2% of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Switzerland or 3% of Europe. And not surprisingly, the Nhc large collabor, is about 55% of energy consumption. Very, very, very lucky for us. The electricity that's come from France, and that electricity is 90% carbon free, because France has a lot of nuclear power.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this might chart here. You can see that the various amounts of electrical power between the various providers and the various services. So in the latest environment report, this is now as a function of a year, the amount of total energy that they're consumes and they have a target there. And obviously, what you can see there
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: is that whether we're shut down or whether we're upgrading yet, it makes a massive difference. not only that, but some has managed to sort of have a metric where they look at amounts of electricity versus amount of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: data delivered. And so that makes the curve go down. So that's sort of the kind of trick you have to play. To see that things are are okay when it comes to the future.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is operation in terms of construction. So
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we've been talking a lot in recent years about future colliders, because in our energy frontier field we do have to start planning it 20 years in advance.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Otherwise you have a big gap and we don't want that. And so one of the popular option is a future circular glider, Fcc and electron positron one, and then possibly a proton proton one. And of course there is a lot of civil engineering related with this. The tunnel, especially, is one of the largest tunnel in the world. It's about a hundred kilometers in, Sir Conference, and of course, as we know.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it's not just a tunnel. We have lots of access buildings. You have lots of access roads and all of that. Here. So these are very sort of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: A snapshot of diagrams of of what is flatter. I'm not claiming those are the latest ones. So obviously, this is moving very fast. But what I've done with the collaborator is that I took the size of the tunnel. And then I said, Okay, so that means there's going to be a lot of material that needs to go in to build that new tunnel and that tunnel. I will be made out of concrete
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which means cement, and the thing about cement is that half of the emissions that are released is coming from making this Portland tinker, because in the chemical reaction to make this event.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You're releasing CO. 2.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So it's sort of inherent to the actual chemical reaction to make that material that you then use in concrete to to build everything around. Of course you could capture that CO. 2 if you wanted to, but you just sort of at least triple the cost of the concrete that you're going to be
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: using. So we tried to do just sort of back at the end of the calculation, trying to look at the volume. And trying to. It's it's quite well known how much missions you release whenever you have you know X amount of on concrete. And for that whole Fcc tunnel. So just the total, that's everything else. It we came up with about 260,000 just from the concrete itself.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Of course you have steel enforcement, and you have everything else that grows with actually building a tunnel, and turns out that there are lots of tunnels already around the world, of course, road tunnels. And so emissions from building road tunnels. There's literature on that. And so, looking at a complete picture of the emissions coming from
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: things like, as soon as you move, Sawyer, you release my thing. Okay? So so you know everything to do with that? Then the estimates is about another 2. So about half a million tonnes of Co 2 emissions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so for how does that compare? So one way to compare it is you might be familiar with the London shark, so this would be the equivalent of building
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 8 London shark is, that's just sort of give you a scale. And then you might say, Okay, that just means that we need to negate those emissions and to do that we can, Tom trees. So what we're going to do is all the every weekend they're going to go and top trees to you know. They'll be very much negating those emissions. And so
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that's 6 million trees that the just the tunnel emissions. So
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: there we go. Of course, and there are various things that people have been looking at in terms of reducing missions. So, for example, there's a lot of key thing. That gets produced when we operate. And so now we upgrade the district, heating and various points. Well, we are about to connect point 8. Tell me about that, and also plans to do more of it. There's a series of workshops where all the big lounge get together and discuss those topics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that's very good. The next one is in September, and of course, there's been long standing R&D and lowering X-rated power requirements, for example, energy recovery in that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: laser driven plasma, Wakefield acceleration. So all sort of schemes to lower the power and the energy that the accelerator might
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: use now moving on to detectors. So one of the big surprise when the first environment report came out is that it took a lot of us by surprise that actually, the dominant emissions from Cern is not power advantage. Of course it's it's it's quite green, maybe not so surprising. But
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: actually, you would still think that because it's so large that that would be the dominant one turns out it's not so. First, some lingo on emissions which is important that everybody is aware of their scope, one which is direct emissions. So this would be directly with the institution, or your company is producing, then, scope 2 is indirect. So this would be the powers, because when you plug something in the wall, you don't necessarily have control over how green the power is is coming out
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and scope 3 is all your other indirect missions. So that means all your supply chain and all your clients. So you're also expecting sort of when you
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: because, of course, for example, the conflict that you might be using, building
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: billing on campus. Of course you're not the one making the concrete. But you still in your supply chain. Using that. So here in the latest environment report for 21 and 22, the level of scope, one. Scope, 2. Scope 3. And you can see that scope one which is the direct emission, is much larger than scope 2. Which is that electrical power, the Nh, and everything else.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So and that is because of the gaps, and that we use all over our experiments and all of our cooling and everything and those gases. You see all the different types. Pfc, Hrcs, other F gases and Hfcs. That.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then what is the number? Here is the top of Co 2 equivalent. So those gases are have a very large what's called global warming potential. So this is how much more warming they are. They are releasing to the atmosphere. So just from their molecular structure, they are greenhouse gases.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and it's not so surprising that actually, I'll show you the numbers that they they they are, very much greenhouse gases, and so then they contribute a very large fraction of Standard Co. 2 equivalent, and then, for the first time in the last report, 3 emissions coming from German and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: everything to do with that, and and even scope 3 is larger than than scope 2.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So sx. 6 hfcs. Use them in particle detection. Then you use Hfcs and Pfc and detective coding. You also need those for air conditioning systems.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And also I said, 6 you know that the whole world is quite worried about that, because you need it for electrical installation and power supply system. And so, in terms of particle detection itself.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: a lot of it comes from this 80% also. And you can see the Vg, wp, that's the global warming potential. So this means that sf, 6, there is 23,000 times more warming than Co. 2.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If that's what the numbers are, everything is down to to over some time period. And so it depends a bit on the time period you're looking at. So in terms of the various experiment at the Cms or the various detectors. So this is the Rpcs using. And so the problem is that we have leaks in our detector. So if the system was completely deep, free, and just kept coming, then back, gaps would not be
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: emitted and would not contribute to emissions is the fact that we have leaks and we have leaks. Because we have agents. Yes, and that's and so
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: of course, that's then then, make sure that the gas is recirculated, that it's all sort of tight, but that can only be done to a certain level, and then depending on so the the sort of pattern has been so on the x-axis.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: or the various detectors on the various experiment, and how much greenhouse gas emissions per year. And so the the pattern is that you develop New weeks. Then you use the then you start backup, and then there again you. You sort of keep fixing them
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that the other thing is that are so detrimental to the environment. Similarly, to remember the sprays and the there's a similar sort of phase down around the world, and especially also in the EU, is a phase down policy which will make it harder and harder to procure those spaces, and also in terms of price.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: sort of hard for access, and and the other experiments to those that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so in 2020 sign launched a working group. On managing this with represented from all the various detectors, and of course they came up with a very brand 0 strategies. Of things to do short term things to do long term. And you know, really sort of delivering on that. And and there has been lots and lots and lots of efforts from all the experiment ends to sort of address this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So one sort of obvious thing would say, well, let's just replace them with other gases, and so there's a reason why, for example, Cfo is is used. It prevents aging. It improves finding resolution. It's a scintillator.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Cms has done some experiments to be able to go on currently replacing the amount of.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then Htv. Also has been quite active in doing all sort of sort of studies to replace this with other things. The thing to remember is that for the Nhs experiment, this is quite a difficult situation, because the that would require a a different setup, because that can't be changed because those vectors are
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: are in there. So why is it so difficult to find good greenhouse gas alternative, because you have to worry about performance, obviously, but also safety. The fact that you're underground radiation environment. You can't have any flammable gases, you know all these different things, and that's that sort of rules out a lot of the gases that might be
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: suitable.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So there's crucial R&D happening in this, and one of the big thing that has come up in recent years, and you sort of look like an eagle eye on that table of gases. This table is different from the other 2. Report, because novex 6, 4, 9 is listed separately, so novex 6, 4, 9 is an equivalent radiation stable gas to C. 6 F. 14 uses a liquid coolant and all, and a shake experiment.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And so then this is where your chemistry comes in. By changing the molecular structure it is possible to thank. Those keep their properties, but yet, because the molecule molecule is arranged differently. It turns out not to be. Everyone has gas. So this new is global warming potential is about one. So that's much better than the C, 6 which has 6,000
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: global warming potential. So there's a lot of R&D in this. This is sort of set sorry. But that means we rely on the R&D, and on those
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so chemical companies to produce that. And, as usual, client, you know, we're very difficult clients for companies. We want things for a very high standard, and you don't have that much money. And it's quite small volume, right? So we need to sort of convince them that this is worth investing in. But if we're the only ones who need certain guesses that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: might not be so well.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So what about the Fcc. So of course, detectors are being talked about, and so now you don't have the excuse of oh, I can access my detector and completely rip out. You know everything about it just to change the gas. So now we have the time to plan this, and we better make sure that we get glasses that are not going to have that global warming potential issue. And also thinking about that. And all of that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so another thing that has that is happening in the field is that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: really future projects should look into a life cycle analysis of the mission. So this means that it's not just about once you have your equipment and you operate it, but it's it's whole life cycle. So when it was produced.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then when you use it. And then, when you're going to recycle or or is really, you have to look at all that. And as you can imagine, that's quite a complex procedure. But this is being done, and in the most recent week, plus 23, which I'll mention later. There was an example of a life cycle data for so looking at
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: all of the different process and stages better. So that wafer would go through.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so this was actors, detectors, as mentioned computing. So the global it sector could be 2 to 6% of global growth emission
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and as we know, for example, we use the the grid, and when we use the grid, that means that our computing gets sent all over the world. But, as you can imagine, the electricity grid around the world is not all the same, it's not look all like France. That's 90% carbon free. This is the distribution. And then you can see this, but essentially on the X is various countries
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: on the Y axis is the world average. So France is over here. See how it is. It's small. It's on the you want to be on the right hand side the Uk. Is a long name here, so about here. The Us. Is also the other one here. So it's close to the world average. And then, you know, Australia is over there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, now, our job, our good jobs run all over the world, and so, depending on where they run, they will have very the same code will have a very different
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: cover the mission.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So whether the solution. For this you could choose 6 sites with green electricity, but the grid people won't get to do that. That's not right to say that. You could buy cpus that are great. So there's a green 500 list. Huh? You could optimize your code. Always a good idea, for you know, makes you drop faster, and all of that, and also your saving mission.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now, one of the thing I it's really important to mention. I'm concerned about the next energy frontier experiments. They're going to run in the 20 fourties. Okay? And so power is going to be green.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In all of these countries all Oecd countries are going to have green electricity by 20 cents 5,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: all European countries within us within the Us. They're going to have. So all this
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: emissions coming from indirect emission that's going to go to 0. So does that mean that we don't have to worry about power anymore? Not so much because electricity that's your first step to decarbonizing your country. That's the easy step we know how to do. This does have to get it done. Obviously and that means one way you do. This is via to find everything, all the cars, all the houses
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so demand for electricity. It is predicted that in the Uk. The grid will have to have 5 to 2 in delivering power compared to now.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So there! It's not going to be so much about the mission. It's going to be about making sure we minimize our electricity because it's going to be so precious because
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: not only will we need to find this camera, but it will all have to be green.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay? So then, the typical answer, I get them talking about that. At the end is okay. But of course we don't believe that, you know, since when is our government going to deliver on their premises, on their promises? And so this means we should still worry about the missions. That.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then my answer is, if we can't manage to optimize the electricity grade 5, twenty-size 5,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: then we're in so much trouble, and there's no point. So talking about everything, we're talking here, it's in our interest, the particle physics community to support those policy and to help deliver that. Okay, this is really part of you know, our field building around is to actually be behind those kind of targets and help sort of deliver that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Another thing about computing. Remember that embedded emissions. So this life cycle, you know, building my laptop here is releasing more emissions than the running emissions. Usually, of course, it depends on the but in the Uk that would definitely be true. So, for example, replacing farms a bit less often than what you would like to, maybe. That's where you save emissions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: right?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then, of course, also, which technology you use, that might sort of make a difference in terms of power. But you, it's not just about running power. It's about embedded emissions. It's not looking at those numbers as well.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay. So I said that, sir. Had those very fancy very nice. Please have a look at them. They have beautiful pictures and rough, and so very clear. And I said, Surely the Us. Don't have that turns out we've been doing this for the last, you know.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 30 years, because it's a voe requirement. That's all Usf need to release a yearly environment report on everything, including emissions. So the only difference is that number one. It's not so flashy colors and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: boring looking black and white table here, but there you have it. You have the mission. So those are scope one and 2, the scope 3. You have the 29 numbers, and then, you know, you see that, hey? We've been reducing this
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and there are negative numbers. What does that mean? That means Fermi lab that year paid some money for green scheme somewhere.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so that they could then show that their missions were less than so it's it's called and credits. Essentially so they they try they. That's why you have this number. The other thing is that there's a technical end here which really confuse me. It's like, how can it be? Millions of time different from the same one that's metric tons for you? That's that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the the Us. Systems don't be so. Here's for the amount of energy here in a given year. And then, as the payment experiment is turning on. You can see how that's going to sort of change the numbers there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So when I try to compare this with the sorry one in 2,019
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: same use 4 times more energy.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: electrical energy than ferml. And yet Fermi lab emitted 4 times more
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: emissions, because, of course, electricity bridge we saw where it is, and the Fermi Electricity Bridge in Chicago, Marion, Illinois.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Their carbon intensity is the same as the average of the Us. And so there you go. So that's if the that would be completely different story than the numbers that you see earlier.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so that's about universities. So there are various certificates that you can get, including a green lap certificate. The
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: where research lab consume 10 times more energy for times more water. And so there's various certification certification that you can look into. This is a club coming from the plus report. So on. The X axis is tons of CO. 2 emissions, and then you have various institution, and then you have cern and firm lab in terms of annual emissions for researchers. So this
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: literally, you just take a total divide by how many people work there. And that's what you get. So see what we said about 4 to 5, and in a shutdown
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so 20 tons coming from. If you're involved in a song related, activity that you need to add to your yearly amount again. How do we put this into perspective? What? What's tons worth? 5 tons was 2 tons per year. Well, what we can do is that we can cancel a remaining carbon budget.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So if we want to have a 50% chance of staying below 1.5, that means we know how many emissions we are allowed to put in the atmosphere before we reach that level.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So then, you just divide by the amount of time the amount of people, and all of this, and so per year per person. It's about 2 tonnes that essentially we need to be able to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to to spend in a given year in order to be consistent with that in it. And so 20 ton is, is not quite that. What about initiatives from travel?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so compute commuting conferences. There are models out there to have nearly carbon neutral conference.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Aviation is about 2.4%. So pre pandemic of global emissions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now I always get the comment, who cares? That's very small. Let's just keep on flying. That's small peanuts that's more than Australia or Italy or France or the UK. In terms of their yearly emission.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: All the numbers in there. There's no, there's nothing that is like 70% of admission. Let's just focus on that. Get it fixed, and then we'll be.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Everything is at the 1% level. So you have to deal with them essentially. Not only that, but aviation is growing, and also it's very hard to make probably neutral flying.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The thing to remember is that very few people fly as much as us.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you might think. Oh, but what about all these bankers? I see. Yes, we're all part of the minority. They were all part of the 10% of the of the even in this country that are taking 3 flights or more. And so we might get frequent flyers, maybe where you know, at some point. If you're taking too many flights, then you're you're you're fine. Ticket is going to be more expensive.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What about cardinal setting?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's quite controversial. We could talk about this. Here's the various sort of emissions by kilometers, by method of transport. Nothing too surprising there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What he kept did is that they looked at eye check.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, our big conference and particle physics where it was located in a given year, and then the number of participants, and then the amount of emissions per participants, and then they were comparing this this one, your physical meeting
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: there and not surprisingly, in Melbourne. It was about 8.4
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and compared to. If it's in Europe, then it's more like 1.9. So where you hold your big conference not surprisingly does matter. What about food? Ipcc, does talk about this in terms of land usage? So our protocols, catering for meetings and conference and and workshop.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's we have to be aware that everything else. So you know, that's something to take into account. Then you might say, well, yes, but you know, changing one meal for the conference, then not going to change so much. Yes, all these numbers are small. Nothing makes a difference. Yeah, everything matters, because
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: yes, that it is about signaling. It is about saying I'm taking this seriously. So I'm looking at that just like I'm looking at how I do my commute just like I'm looking at everything else, you know. That's something. Of course, that is a personal choice. But we can also send that message. I mean, there are science communities out there that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you know migrated to having their conferences all be in for many years now. And that sort of thing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I encourage you to look at your carbon footprint. The various calculators online. This was my number, pre pandemic, where I put in all my gas bills and everything in my amount of flying pre pandemic, and my total is about 10 tons
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: equivalent per year, which is not so great. And then I said that you wouldn't like change various things. Obviously, if I get connected far, that's going to be good. I haven't done that yet. That's quite expensive, and so you can reduce it by about a half.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But remember what we said. We need to reduce it to about 2 tons, so I'm still quite far away from that. And then, if I want to add my access to print, then that's another 20. I have to add to that. But of course that's not necessarily the only way to look at this. And of course
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you know, I mean, we should talk about that. But these are just sort of the numbers.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So what about recommendations? So it was a a a bit of a while ago now. But there was such a thing as the strategy update that we did. So we submitted with myself and some collaborators, some input there which had 3 main sustainability for the field recommendation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then, this was the outcome. And so in this chapter 7, it says here that the environmental impact of part of continue to be currently studied and minimize
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the detailed plan for this
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and all that is should be part of the approval process for any major project. And remember that what is in the European strategy that governs everything happening in in Europe, so not just Cern. But you know everything here. Everything in the Uk. Everything in every European country that is supposed to be the guiding principle.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: everything that we do. And so it's it's quite good that this is mentioned there. Very clearly, then, the Us. Had a similar, less similar to some of the leader. Few years the snow mass 2021 various. And so this was
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and physics
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: program and tell me things. And then finally, they presented their report on the seventh of December very recently there. So that's a slides. And then one of the last slide, one of the last point, was on sustainability. So essentially he, because the makes recommendation to keep up.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which is the one that sort of decides on things. And so they should conduct a dedicated study aiming at. They don't think it's sustainability strategy. So there you go.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: sort of catch all phrase say Yup. So I mentioned he kept plus. So this is a group of people that are sort of putting together all sort of information about sustainability in the field of physics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And so it's full of really useful information, so definitely encourage you to to have a look. Next you saw that I pick some of the plus from their report. So in terms of recommendations,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So as I mentioned, it could be good if new experiment and facility project could report on their plan emissions and energy research. And this has started to happen. So hgv in that Cdr from place to talks about this there was a recent click.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Life cycle analysis that was released. And right here there's the Isis 2 projects which is conducting a full life cycle analysis for that plan project so definitely. This is something to happen.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and also Fcc. Is is going to do some visibility studies related with sustainability.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Whether that's making sure that we're all working this in a standardized way. Although there are standards of how to do this, because, of course, all the companies are doing the other countries do it. But as scientists, we like to know where the numbers come from, and it's just sort of cross check that the way firm, like counts, is 10 years the same as the way sign, because actually, international accounting
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So on the BBC watch. Next thing, there's a story about drugs using wood pads from a forest in Canada, and it turns out that in international accounting of carbon emissions, the country that that's charged for that rose emissions is a country where we took the wood from so Canada's getting charged with drugs. Building the wood pad is here. So even though burning wood pads does release emissions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you know. That's just the way that works. We're not reporting on those emissions. This is why would penetrate. I, you know previously, gas power plants
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: into biomass is a negative emission, or at least 0 mission solution from the government just because of the way that international accounting works. So that's interesting. The other thing is, remember, is that international aviation and shipping doesn't enter any country's carbon emission
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: plans or numbers. Right? So your flight to Geneva doesn't enter in anybody's spreadsheet in terms of competition, because they can't agree on whether it should be the place of departure or the place of arrival. So they just make it separate same thing with shipping, and so is left to those industry to come up with their own plan for how they're going to deal with it. So if you see aviation in countries saying that would be
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so you know, national aviation, not international aviation. So we should take steps to mitigate impact by having
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: goals and defining some way, and they should really be sort of done with that organizational level and personal level. You know, however, people, you know, they have to feel comfortable with with sort of how they go about doing this. But it's probably a good idea to sort of look into these things, and it's probably possible to spend a portion of our research time directly and actually.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: innovation program on environmental education. So they invite projects where they were saying, if you have a particle. Physics researcher with particle physics, related skills can then be, can they contribute? And they collaborate with something which helps the environment in any kind of way.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And so there was also activities that were winners. There were all sorts of things, and so lots and lots of different application of future clean aviation, large scale facilities, environmental modeling and prediction, all sort of stuff. So this is happening. The question is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: whether that program will keep on happening, whether it will be replicated in other labs and and university.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is a link to a slack seminar which was about sustainable concrete. So if turns out that our missions is from using concrete in in building all of our total and our building.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Maybe we need to look into this, of course, then you're going to say, well, I'm not a material scientist. Surely it's more efficient and beneficial for material scientists to look into this and solve those problem. Remember, when we have the pandemic, and then we have a whole bunch of particle physics that said, Oh, I run, this is an emergency. I'm going to buy. I'm going to build
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: sort of machines, you know, to help people breathe because there's not enough. We're gonna have a shortage.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you know, it wasn't the most efficient use of our time. But why did we feel compelled to do this? That's because we said, Well, it's an emergency, you know, it's okay to put aside sort of our day to day activities to help with this. And so that's the significance of the word emergency. This climate change. Situation is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: maybe we should put aside a little bit of time to do something completely different. But you know, we have a lot of skills. That can be transferred. And we can sort of just having chat with the experts, you know, to understand a bit more where they're facing can be useful.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You know, I travel evolving social and coming context activity engage and learning about the climate and and and what the impact would be on particle physics research.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Maybe we need to promote and publicize our action. We always sometimes forget how much power we have in the general public by being very open.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Other scientists are very jealous of the clap that we have when say something. Then, you know, they get invited back to them free before when they get invited on on panels. That they need to be the case, that you know that was a a big source of that. And so if the public, and if others see that we're taking this
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: seriously, that can have a bit of a snowball effect.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so here, in in your institution. You're very lucky that you have a sustainability as as CFC. And that you can have some course that you can do. You can get a personalized action plan. And you can sort of discuss all of this so definitely encourage you to look into this and to participate, because and this is also offered
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in some universities. Universities now have sort of sustainability agenda, and they have sort of courses, and and how to help employees and students sort of grapple with this
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in the recap. They also have also the recommendation. One other example is that we have a sustainability forum where we get together and discuss these things and after presentation. So if you're on access, make sure you sign up to our meeting list, if you're in another experiment. And you don't have the sustainability problem that I think about starting one. And we can also collaborate and so that's all
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: very good. And finally, another advertisement that as we have sustainable Htp conference, this is the third edition. It's in June. It's online only time zone friendly
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: on the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I invite you. This is, always very interesting. Also that presentation about what is happening in particle physics and the sustainability agenda all over the world, and also sort of coming back to. Yes, it is possible to have an online
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: conference, and I check has a sustainability track this year, so you can submit abstracts I have to do with sustainability questions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: good. So that's it. So. I leave you with whether you and make your own sort of thinking about way, whether sustainable and what we can do about it. Thank you very much.