STFC-RAL-CR03: So these are the highlights from the year 122 conference. But it ended up being really the highlights of the Lx, Cv. Greeks, because I also, I mean
STFC-RAL-CR03: we have a week-long conference. It's all all plenary but it is a breakdown conference, so to try and summarize in 1 h. It's a little bit difficult, but with the early Cb. Risk effectors are the the start of the show for the last 15 years, so we always go there with quite a lot of presentations.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and the opportunity to run hard by picking up the slides from my colleagues was to take it through probably 2 or 3 decades of the
STFC-RAL-CR03: I
STFC-RAL-CR03: he wasn't sure who he's going to be here, and I wasn't sure whether he would note what their its directory is so read, stands for an image in the
STFC-RAL-CR03: so we use the strength of effects to to detect particles, and put a couple of introductory slides on that
STFC-RAL-CR03: you need to.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So there was a there was a nice program as well. We had the we's what's done as well in the proceedings. We did go to see a a one live sanctuary up on the coast, and we had our
STFC-RAL-CR03: unfortunately not in that that anymore.
STFC-RAL-CR03: The the the the
STFC-RAL-CR03: and the conference also looks a little bit
STFC-RAL-CR03: in the past as well as in the future. We could so the recently lost to colleagues, both of them very well known in the in the
STFC-RAL-CR03: sort of
STFC-RAL-CR03: community, and we have my presentations about both these, looking
STFC-RAL-CR03: quite a bit apart from the path and the sudden stone in there to beat the bridge, that the post was never made, because it was cancelled
STFC-RAL-CR03: so just a quick introduction in the example of fact. But the people who got here I think everybody knows what it's all about. This was taken in like classic, this here, but so that you don't actually need something moving very fast.
STFC-RAL-CR03: you know, to create the software. It will be something that goes faster than the the propagation in that particular element. So even if it's an adapt in a, in a, in a pulse.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So what are the important factors in the terms of the fact that you know a council goes faster than the speed of line in a public class
STFC-RAL-CR03: in a particular meeting with a very active index. This is a special which is very fast.
STFC-RAL-CR03: The line is emitted all of a particular ungod, which makes it to helpful, because but I will, depends on the speed of the particle, the defense here, which means that if you manage it to the phone call you can actually measure the details.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And the way fish detectors work, you know, to do part of an education is that combining
STFC-RAL-CR03: the Pita with the momentum that comes from the tracking of that particular, and then you can extract on us. And this is how we actually what we do. And there is a complicated formula for the in the number of photons.
STFC-RAL-CR03: What is nice about Rick's in that, because it's that you've got the effective index of the material you're going to use in the time for an application. But you can tune it to the momentum rains that that you that you want. So
STFC-RAL-CR03: these are refractive indices going from sort of like vacuum and a few glasses.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and all the way up to falls in class to about 1.5 only the way. You can actually get 3 classes with a much higher, effective index, one
STFC-RAL-CR03: in between. The liquids. Liquids are difficult to handle in an experimental setting, so we tend to avoid them.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So if you want government particles, you would go for something like parts. But if you want to identify how many particles you have to go for
STFC-RAL-CR03: a gas radiator, and unfortunately
STFC-RAL-CR03: there's a big gap between the gases and the liquids and
STFC-RAL-CR03: the Soviets. So this guy, one potentially bricks with a aerial, which is a soil material, but it's mostly air with a little bit of glass in that it's like a
STFC-RAL-CR03: glass spawns, and then you can tune your pocketing. That's depending on the density of any of the out. But it is not
STFC-RAL-CR03: the the
STFC-RAL-CR03: it. It has its own problems because it's not a completely continuous material. So this this happening there as well.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And then what you do is you need to construct something that allows you to
STFC-RAL-CR03: that. It's like a fungle. If you have a sol in the liquid radiator, you can use what we call proximity, for
STFC-RAL-CR03: so you go to the same radiator, and then you go a certain distance away, and you can. You can detect the the
STFC-RAL-CR03: the thickness of the radiator will give you a narrow that has to do with.
STFC-RAL-CR03: I'll work with you and the
STFC-RAL-CR03: oh, for what we usually do is we do the pedestal. In fact, we've got the but we've focused all of the the line on to 1 point, and because the line is all around the track in a phone, but you end up on the detective surface after the focusing is a ring.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and is it for the their image?
STFC-RAL-CR03: So if you were to to to do that. And then you look at how, what sort of multiple Id you can you can achieve for different particles of different masses
STFC-RAL-CR03: Then, for sort of 2 masses of particles. About what about threshold? There's a formula that one can extract to tell you how well you can do in number of Sigma, according to parties, there's a reasoning of the same of Fungal and and the refractive index. So
STFC-RAL-CR03: if you're to use this formula, and you put the masses in here for finance and chaos, which is the part that we usually find to
STFC-RAL-CR03: to sublet. You get these these lines, and then you can get an an on how well you can sort of do up through Sigma. So, using one particular, you can typically do a factor of 6 between the lowest and the highest. For that you can do.
STFC-RAL-CR03: You can then extend that by using more aviators you can extend that further, using this ideal below threshold. But one of the particles is about first, so the other one is low, so you can scale build on a
STFC-RAL-CR03: so in
STFC-RAL-CR03: in the
STFC-RAL-CR03: but with typically with the super Atlant and see a fault, we can do out identification between 2 and 100 CD. Which is a really very large.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Okay. So now we'll come to the highlights, and i'll start with first of all my presentation, which was about the performance of the
STFC-RAL-CR03: so i'm going to briefly describe them. Talk about sanctuary resolution and Lyme, and the number of buttons, because these were new measurements. So what actually happened is during we got an opportunity to
STFC-RAL-CR03: analyze all of the data that we've had, and we want to produce a new paper with the performance of the Lsd. Rix detectors with samples that we have presented before one especially puts around the number of photons.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And of course, what did happen in round 2 is you had real real time online, and versions were on 852 of the second stage of the high level trigger of Alex. B. You could get
STFC-RAL-CR03: offline quality data because the
STFC-RAL-CR03: and just so a little bit about the
STFC-RAL-CR03: So this is the
STFC-RAL-CR03: and we have 2 weeks like those one. That's very close to the interaction point, which one
STFC-RAL-CR03: that uses 4 of 10, and that's the full acceptance. And then a much bigger detector, 100 meters of Co.
STFC-RAL-CR03: That only published half the acceptance close to the meanwhile, because most of the time went, in fact, that it was identified with the 4 of them actually saved my clothes to the beef.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And so you can see how it sort of operates.
STFC-RAL-CR03: You get a life admission because it's, you know. Plot me over the last. You, with your talking detectors outside the acceptance. So you don't develop the container acceptance, and then you get their in over here that they use to identify the particles.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Oh.
STFC-RAL-CR03: in this one.
STFC-RAL-CR03: What really matters when you're trying to do that is how well you can identify and return to phone call.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And there are 3 different components in our context, but we always try to minimize, but but it never makes sense to minimize one way beyond the other, and spend a lot of time for that
STFC-RAL-CR03: so? One part is the chromatic error, the fact that because the
STFC-RAL-CR03: so a mission is a continuous, it's all wavelength. Your material will get a different refractive index in internal equations, and there's nothing that you can do about that. You cannot measure the wavelength of the light. So you somehow hit the call in some way or another, and then
STFC-RAL-CR03: you go to the infection point. There always comes up with this your section. You know the pixel side of the detection point, and the missing point there has to do with the layout of the detector. It's really what operations that we get from the fact that this is not the perfect telescope
STFC-RAL-CR03: You're you're not pointing to straight out news back to the interaction point. But you're pointing in another direction.
STFC-RAL-CR03: I'm: sorry, and this is something on that previous slide of the the ranges. Yeah, I think you said you got rid of the error, Gel.
STFC-RAL-CR03: But nevertheless you could still cover
STFC-RAL-CR03: from a few to a 100. But I can't see how you do that out there, because because what happens if you can, you can go to to 10 for the first one and then below, then the I am sorry about right. So so it's it's it's you go some line, but it's it. I am.
STFC-RAL-CR03: It could be an electron. But the post that will tell you something from the you know the coloring. It could be a new one. Thank you.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So. Yes, so these are the the clear that we we try to to improve on
STFC-RAL-CR03: the photon detectors that we had in runs. One and 2 were the
STFC-RAL-CR03: I hope the famous one I'll pick some hard in the back of the the it is.
STFC-RAL-CR03: This is a really useful piece of bacon of the plates with the so they work by having a sort of
STFC-RAL-CR03: photo in a in a backing tube. You get the photoelectron. You get something like 20 kilovolts Here you see the silicon.
STFC-RAL-CR03: a pixel detector at the bottom, and that then gives you the position. So you've got half a millimeter resolution in piano that you should 2 and a half millimeter resolution on the full packet more or less.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and they worked well, but eventually they had to be removed, not because they didn't operate well, but they were not compatible with the new fortunate history down, but Alex would be asked from
STFC-RAL-CR03: the start of of last year.
STFC-RAL-CR03: so
STFC-RAL-CR03: The original plan was what we have also here to cover low momentum trucks.
STFC-RAL-CR03: However, the reason we had to remove it was that the increased luminosity compared to the only is not design
STFC-RAL-CR03: created quite a lot of the background. They are integrating. Some sort of you can see them here, and they're very loud. So what you're looking for. The few photons that you here come out of the Put us in 4 or 5,
STFC-RAL-CR03: you completely. They drowned in the bottoms, apart from from the gas. So the problem that we had is to have the same photon spectrum area for both the guns and the Arizona, and that meant that we couldn't really operate a bit very well, and then, because we wanted to do all of the you know. But we use
STFC-RAL-CR03: to do it sort of semi-line good to be
STFC-RAL-CR03: by construction of the
STFC-RAL-CR03: fine to do that for the out of government.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Erez Agmoni was wasting a lot of computing, buying with very, very small results. So in the end we actually removed it, and that allows us to use the length that was behind the allergy because of the one.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So what we had before was the reality of sitting sort of over here.
STFC-RAL-CR03: But the way the design of the electorate is out with the seal to the battle, but there was a bit of support, and behind it.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and by removing it, then it has more potentially coming from the dance, and that improves the performance of the inspector.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So one of the first things on it. It's actually here. You can see it over here. But that was the external bit of gas that we were able to to use. So one of the first things we did in round 2 was to detect whether the performance was still.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and in order to make sure we're not losing anything, we split the performance into
STFC-RAL-CR03: areas of theta and momentum. Sorry. Well
STFC-RAL-CR03: p the rapidity and momentum, and each one of these squares here covers a different area
STFC-RAL-CR03: in a momentum, and to the rapidly and compares the time and and the Kay on the physic scene, and this is done so. But the the bottom you are at this corner, and in any one of these drops you the better.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So what we've got here is the efficiency. And here you've got the me. Say it's an unusual way of doing things, and there is another way around. But
STFC-RAL-CR03: some of it sounded like this, and then we start to.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And then what you can see is that in all areas the performance have either stayed the same like hearing
STFC-RAL-CR03: in time moment. We didn't expect that it changed, because that's all done mostly by it. So it's not in sense, but in the the performance has actually improved significantly, and that is in all considerability position. So there isn't an area that we're missing.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So we're very happy that we're moving errors. They've actually bruised the performance of the
STFC-RAL-CR03: quite significant in some past.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So
STFC-RAL-CR03: this is this is a picture that was first shown at the conference in the early 74. So one of the things that we realized early on that we hadn't really expected
STFC-RAL-CR03: was that this is the photo apple limits that you see on your Annot on one of these interviews.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and
STFC-RAL-CR03: you can use the scenes in order to extract the the center or the photocopy. With respect to the center of the that we're using, and this is an alignment parameter.
STFC-RAL-CR03: What we have expected is for you to actually change in time.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And even now we don't really understand why that is happening.
STFC-RAL-CR03: We suspect that it has to do with the but over time
STFC-RAL-CR03: the 2 challenges are available, and that affects the electrostatic publishing. From the
STFC-RAL-CR03: so we can actually extract that as a parameter in the sense that you, you, you collect enough to them. So you you fully you. You figure full circle. You remove the center, which is always bicing you because the and then what you do is you? You use the filter a. So the filter to enhance the eggs.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and then we fit up with a circle, and that gives you
STFC-RAL-CR03: the center of the site. Will then they use.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and then you can see what actually happens in that position in that position in the center.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So these are 9 sort of randomly selected H. Cds and the square that you see is one pixel size.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And then what you see here is what happens to that center.
STFC-RAL-CR03: As so, we selected electric field of the long of the order of 12 h, and we've got 4 of these here.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and you can see what happens as time goes by, so blue is early, and then yellow is later, you know. Yellow is 12 h later.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and in some of them like this one you can see the whole movement of or part position in the center of the tube stays within one pixel. So really you have nothing to worry about. The fact that you go. Half the pixel across is something that's a little bit of a worry in principle, but
STFC-RAL-CR03: you know nothing much more is going on, but in other ones you can see that you're moving out
STFC-RAL-CR03: a long way away from one big survey.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So this was something that we had to take into account, and we collect the data and every hour update the conditions database with a new position of that center, so that we take into alignment on how things were were moving out so sorry. What was the cause of the drift we did not know.
STFC-RAL-CR03: We suspect I mean the the way you end up with this particular things
STFC-RAL-CR03: is through electrostatic forces.
STFC-RAL-CR03: I think we we go
STFC-RAL-CR03: that if we bought 2.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So what you got is you got an electric field in here because these electrodes.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and you start with 20 kilos. Here you go to 0 votes here, and somehow you focus all of this down by chapter 5 a little, you I soon.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And but it seems that the electrostatic building here is not
STFC-RAL-CR03: awesome.
STFC-RAL-CR03: The same thing over line, a little bit surface charging something like that now.
STFC-RAL-CR03: something that we were never able to investigate much further was with with this.
STFC-RAL-CR03: because
STFC-RAL-CR03: and it's it's it's sitting downstream of the injection lines of the Rsa when the it's in something which suits everything off. Because we're worried that if a failed in section we generate an enormous number of units coming through the experiment that we will listen to just the
STFC-RAL-CR03: you switch everything, all.
STFC-RAL-CR03: everything goes down.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and then, once the it doesn't exactly, you shoot everything, but on, and then everything rolls up first and then put necessarily surface sound, or something like this.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and he never eats a completely equilibrium, because
again.
STFC-RAL-CR03: because the
STFC-RAL-CR03: i'm sorry the material between the photoc and the Ano. When you got a thin.
STFC-RAL-CR03: thin black
STFC-RAL-CR03: Simon, what is that material? He's on his side of the
STFC-RAL-CR03: last week, I think. But this is on the outside.
STFC-RAL-CR03: I don't think any of this is
STFC-RAL-CR03: I mean, we do not expose the the electric field outside, so they must be. I assume this is metal, but there's something in here you've got the word vacuum up there only on the on the cross section. I mean, there's so there's but a highly insulating shell.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and i'm just wondering what the properties are in terms of surface.
STFC-RAL-CR03: You know there's a commercial product. This is a commercial product. This is the commercial from my Soviets.
STFC-RAL-CR03: They only made them for us. They were not a completely commercial brother. We just hired them to do really the back and cheer.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and the
STFC-RAL-CR03: so that was something we had to deal with. It was an interesting thing, and, as I said, this was, this was completely new. So, once you correct for the image, you can see now your resolution improved. So this is not 150.
STFC-RAL-CR03: The final words of the resolution. But we can see how, if we didn't correct the that the performance would be where significantly worse
STFC-RAL-CR03: erez agmoni, then the other thing that we have to do is we need to correct for the magnetic field distortions, because the electron has a long way to go between the couple than the Annot, so 101
STFC-RAL-CR03: it means that we have to correct for
STFC-RAL-CR03: for this distortion, and in which so it's not too bad, because there's very little magnetic field in in the but in which one the
STFC-RAL-CR03: it's only a Ps. Up that you do that corrections, and we think that these distortions make something to do with about that. We never wants to get Monte Carlo resolution
STFC-RAL-CR03: from.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and then we to also align the mirrors. If you mirror some, is a line when you plot
STFC-RAL-CR03: the
STFC-RAL-CR03: a nice thing about
STFC-RAL-CR03: the these detectors, if you'd use high momentum talks about 52, you know what the technical company is going to be, because the the way the the cosine low works, and so you can use high momentum tracks, and then
STFC-RAL-CR03: you can plot.
STFC-RAL-CR03: But you've measured.
STFC-RAL-CR03: or you know the offers of what you measure what you'd think you would of the the Pita with respect to the fine. So if you go on a circle, and any misalignments appear as distortions in in that particular
STFC-RAL-CR03: histogram which you can then correct for, and you can see the then you're turning the bundle safe. Flop all around the ring, and that means that you've done you well, and these are these are the alignment parameters for it to spherical mirrors and flap mirrors.
STFC-RAL-CR03: There are
STFC-RAL-CR03: 56 spherical meals that hopefully play in a planar mirrors the secondary one, and you can see how we can actually control the alignment within around 100 micr radiance.
STFC-RAL-CR03: which is, which is pretty good.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So once you've done these things, you end up with that you trying to find the resolution which for which one was 1.6, 7 million aliens, and for it to 0 point 6, 3, and these 2
STFC-RAL-CR03: total arrows include the the components that I mentioned earlier the fixed value of the chromatic and the and the iterations.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And then you can see how but stays constant in time, and you you got the the data here, and you can see it's it's really working very well. We never had any political issues with with any part
STFC-RAL-CR03: erez agmoni, and we've also checked to see whether it makes any difference when they are looking at positive or negative particles, and for large of magnetic field, and it's all about who's good. And then we look 150
STFC-RAL-CR03: evolution in time.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and yes, so this is the number of
STFC-RAL-CR03: in which one we get something like 13.
STFC-RAL-CR03: We take the photons this is using munes. These are events that only have to make counting the phones a little bit easier, and it reach to had about 19,
STFC-RAL-CR03: and we we looked at You know how consistent everything was. So, because we positive and negative news, we get the same numbers, and then you can see that the numbers are slightly dropping, which is potentially consistent with 18 full couples from the bottom detectors. I mean, it's not significant. Over a period of 3 years we use about one photon.
STFC-RAL-CR03: We both with one and 2 from the ring.
STFC-RAL-CR03: but we didn't really see any degradation in the
STFC-RAL-CR03: the other thing that we have to do is we have to collaborate the the fact that it's because we potentially get this in the gas like air.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and
STFC-RAL-CR03: and then what we do again, going back to.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So this what you can extract from this is not only the resolution, but you can see whether you're centering at 0,
STFC-RAL-CR03: and if you're not settling at 0 when you're doing the
STFC-RAL-CR03: the constructive minus expected, it means that you've got your.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and then we've got something we called the
STFC-RAL-CR03: which is Peter Days's proxy, and and you can see i'm in doesn't change months.
STFC-RAL-CR03: It's it's sort of goes, you know it's a couple of percent
STFC-RAL-CR03: in principle, but you can see how it correlates with the number of air that we measure inside the support and volume.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So we'll quite hop into this. And then we just set to see whether
STFC-RAL-CR03: the seat that had anything to do with the actual air contamination.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and you can see that there is a very, very small change 10 to the minus 6, and so it isn't in a particular way consistent. So we're not worried that we're missing anything else.
STFC-RAL-CR03: That that air is just least interesting. But this air that's coming into the system. Yes, i'm not completely sure how it can be removed, at which we find the support.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And then we
STFC-RAL-CR03: we we, of course, always set the P. Id sorry the the performance of the detector in terms of, and we can do that because we can use part of the case for particles that can be identified with out there is, so we use specific
STFC-RAL-CR03: decay modes like this Caesio to buy pie, or the Ds. And five-y and and the don't the part because it can be identified uniquely only from hitting a matrix without using the
STFC-RAL-CR03: you can see how well this can be done. This is the case you have to find.
STFC-RAL-CR03: You can also see how clean these these days. I'm in Alex to be very nice. And here you can see the sort of kinematic training that one can reach from the different, became also. But we thought in terms of momentum and the
STFC-RAL-CR03: before the things to cover most of his friends, because otherwise you're
STFC-RAL-CR03: you
STFC-RAL-CR03: calibration. The ending immigration.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So in terms of performance.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So how do we do we? We do the the Pid using what is called the global.
STFC-RAL-CR03: That's why i'm showing you about a typical event. Looks like there is. It looks something like this.
STFC-RAL-CR03: bye.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Can you see the rings?
STFC-RAL-CR03: Probably not. I mean you can see one here, and maybe see something that I it is very messy, but the whole thing. If you want to do that in the sense of bundle space, it becomes a little bit easier because you remove certain operations of the system, but generally it is not easy to look at individual rings.
STFC-RAL-CR03: so the way that we do. The Pid is.
STFC-RAL-CR03: we treat the whole event in one goal. And what we say is.
STFC-RAL-CR03: there were a 150 people that went through their own system, and they created this class of life.
STFC-RAL-CR03: How likely is it that this class of land that we are measuring comes from these 150 trucks if they were all ions.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And then you start with one park, and you're saying right, is the likelihood going up If I change from Bi and E to the proton to immune to an electron or safety low pressure.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So you have to do that
STFC-RAL-CR03: for
STFC-RAL-CR03: all of the clerks through all of these 6 hypotheses, and calculate the likelihoods for all of the trucks at the same time.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and you get to do that twice. You You start with everything assuming it's on you, and once you're signed to all the trucks, you do it again
STFC-RAL-CR03: to make sure that we shouldn't be starting anything out by starting from out of the back place.
STFC-RAL-CR03: but it works extremely well.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And so this is the the phone that we can. That's it. This is
STFC-RAL-CR03: so. We always we
STFC-RAL-CR03: hi efficiency.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So if you're willing to sacrifice your accuracy with, I mean first of all I need to point down. But so between 10 and 40. The performance is amazing.
STFC-RAL-CR03: You get 95% efficiency with sort of a few, a few percent things. I did as you go into calling and momentum. For example, if you want to keep
STFC-RAL-CR03: the purity you lose on the efficiency. But if you do not mind so much of the purity, you get a little bit more on the efficiency, and that is for Ion and Kenyon.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Planning to proton is very good everywhere, because portfolio is a heavy particle, and then I am frozen to K. And it's also everywhere across the the
STFC-RAL-CR03: so we cannot actually do anything much of it.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Huh!
STFC-RAL-CR03: And we also look at the stability over time. These are the same case that I showed you before in this particular on it, since the 2,017 was a little bit below. Why not sure why, but we don't actually see.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Let's say, the degradation, the bottom that we saw earlier, using this one for them.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and just to point out the physics impact is this is what you start off with.
STFC-RAL-CR03: If you just look it down
to both behaves
STFC-RAL-CR03: and
STFC-RAL-CR03: what you can do if you apply the part to Id is you can.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So this is what we start from on this side. If you look at the some, for example, the
STFC-RAL-CR03: I am to be a mass.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and and you you get everything in here. But then, if you ask
STFC-RAL-CR03: for
STFC-RAL-CR03: your hardware to be a.
STFC-RAL-CR03: you can extract this little bit, and it becomes your signal.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and this is partly that you can actually do with, and it's. V. But potentially you cannot do with other success.
So
STFC-RAL-CR03: this was the
STFC-RAL-CR03: What's the word for? You know the the final song of the currents for the previous electricity vectors, because by now we have taken them about completely, you know, to do the upgrade. We had an opportunity to
STFC-RAL-CR03: to look at the data again, and then present the the final sort of results of how well these vectors work.
STFC-RAL-CR03: But now I can take you through to public here now.
STFC-RAL-CR03: because, of course, since last year, well over the years 2. We went to one school, now the N. And C. The upgrade.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and which now is the Lxv.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And what we're trying to do is increase the looking of state.
STFC-RAL-CR03: If you increase the luminosity in Lxb, you lose out significantly on the electronic figures.
STFC-RAL-CR03: because
STFC-RAL-CR03: they eventually come too complex. And if you use your
STFC-RAL-CR03: i'm hard with you here in order to extract the ha growing, because you actually do not improve any Mexican at all.
STFC-RAL-CR03: You say they become more complex. This is just pylon. Yes, so instead of giving, I mean everything that I showed me so far has its date that they can do an average number of visible interactions with 1.1. And now we're going to go to 5.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So 5 primary vertices. And remember you're looking at 5 primary purposes down there from a very small angle 15 meters away. It's quite challenging.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And so you we need to upgrade the detectors, but the trickier, in order to be able to work. We have to move to a full software figure with a 100 figure. You are not improving anything that didn't set a me on. You will not be improving anything significant.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So the decision was taken very early on, for we bucking before we started here at C. I guess back in 2,008, maybe, but we're going to go for a sophisticated here, and we're going to read out the in about 40 megahertz.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and that meant that we had to change a lot of things in in order to be about public.
STFC-RAL-CR03: so we might be sense of it promoting so the to be able to use the 40 megahertz sort of 3 less without, and then we change things mechanically, in which one, in order to spread out the problems a little bit more and improve the resolution.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So we went for that's the good for me. And this with 64 tunnels and we develop our own custom-made electronics
STFC-RAL-CR03: to do this.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And so. But this is the situation where we call so what we have is this very I mean or the cloud May, or this is reach one.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and the focal claim of the Hpds was a far distance.
but the
STFC-RAL-CR03: the occupancy on the without playing I don't I'm not sure about the pictures. It's very, not beautiful.
STFC-RAL-CR03: There's a lot of line concentrated around the area of the 3 point, and there's very little line of the
STFC-RAL-CR03: and
STFC-RAL-CR03: the other thing is that that particular configuration was chosen to be able to contain the arrows and rings that require lots, which means that the brings from super plan will well focus towards the center of the infection plan.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So what we did is we actually sends the reduce of cover to the spherical mirror to spread out the photons more. We moved it a little bit further back.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and we changed the position of the cloud mirror a little bit, and then we had to move the focal plane up further by all of that inside the magnetic
STFC-RAL-CR03: mathematic.
STFC-RAL-CR03: But who couldn't think there would be an attempt to do anything to without anything.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So that was quite challenging, because not the volume. But you got to put sorry.
STFC-RAL-CR03: All of your economics is this this bit over here
STFC-RAL-CR03: which makes like much harder.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Huh!
STFC-RAL-CR03: Ere
STFC-RAL-CR03: send it to the refractive index. So that means that the chromatic arrow is going to go down
STFC-RAL-CR03: the fix of science is still the same, more or less.
STFC-RAL-CR03: But the optics have been improved.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So this was the the idea. So these these photo detectors were developed by. They made a particular series just for us at that point to do along
STFC-RAL-CR03: the buck. Really, you know the PIN out and everything else
STFC-RAL-CR03: they are. They've been good multi-anal p and and a lot of people are using them, the small ones that are one in the the pixel sciences.
STFC-RAL-CR03: 3 mm. The bigger ones are 6 mm, and we can use the bigger ones in the area where we do not need
STFC-RAL-CR03: the the exercise would be a small, because they are cheaper
STFC-RAL-CR03: of, you know, recovering
STFC-RAL-CR03: 4 times the area for an increase of 10% in the cost.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And because the small number of so you're trying to become significantly cheaper as well.
STFC-RAL-CR03: This is how everything fits together. So we've got something we call the elementary cell.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and it's made out of one of 4 small pmps, or one large one, and this is how the photon detector plane looks like in Reach 2. But we've got this in the middle of when you've got high occupancy, and you want to reduce it 250.
STFC-RAL-CR03: We put the 4 small ones, and at the edges we put a little bigger one, because we don't mind the occupancy so much, and in reach 2 because of the large live around the 6 mm. Pixel size does not a great
STFC-RAL-CR03: be great. There is a machine the time to power the resolution.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So we had a total of
STFC-RAL-CR03: so
STFC-RAL-CR03: 400
STFC-RAL-CR03: last year days, and 2,700 small ones, all of which one is is small and base. You can see here this column doesn't visit the bridge to column. It's not that it's one problem, but the way things work in which one is that you have to put everything inside in that space that we've had before.
STFC-RAL-CR03: He had to move everything, but
STFC-RAL-CR03: and we made it in such a way. So you can slide the columns in and out.
STFC-RAL-CR03: One of the problems we've had in the past when we're trying to access this area to only do it during the end of the year, taking the stock of the Rx. And which sense that most of them it will be
STFC-RAL-CR03: using columns that can move independently and potentially access them during a technical. So you know, just
STFC-RAL-CR03: actually you can do that in a day because we don't need to remove the magnetic fielding anymore.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And just to understand. The other thing is that these are compatible with the 40 min. So I guess the new electronics. So so what we have in in terms of electronics is that we have something called the Claron.
STFC-RAL-CR03: This is a pre amplifier discriminator, but it's at the back of the for the multiply, and then we have a that collects the signals from the individual, and then combines everything to send it down to
STFC-RAL-CR03: the verse of arguing about him.
STFC-RAL-CR03: More luminosity means more aviation.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and how to make sure that
STFC-RAL-CR03: we're pretty confident with the studies that we've done. But for the K index we're suffering from using the land offsets.
STFC-RAL-CR03: They're not the significant number you can call it the version of the Uk for dumping, but it's something that we couldn't do anything at the
STFC-RAL-CR03: so
STFC-RAL-CR03: i' to come back to what we're talking about before. So
STFC-RAL-CR03: the number of
STFC-RAL-CR03: we've we've we've had before. And then all the individual errors have gone down, so what we'd expect to get in. Each one is a total letter of 0 point, 8 in the
STFC-RAL-CR03: from 1.6, 1.7, but we'll have before
STFC-RAL-CR03: and in reach to expect point 5 compared to
STFC-RAL-CR03: point 6, 5, so that we had before.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So you can see how well improving we're increasing the number of problems and what decreasing but improving the resolution. So
STFC-RAL-CR03: this is a simulation. So we haven't verified this yet, but we'd expect it.
STFC-RAL-CR03: This is what the performance would expect
STFC-RAL-CR03: from before, and going into higher luminosity, will actually improve the performance. I'm missing something in that table. You've got the photon yield, and and it's it's higher for rich one than to reach too. Well, yes, because it's a heavier gas.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So you get you get a few more focus.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And and yeah, Exactly.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So this is what which one now looks like this is from last year when we're out there doing the installation.
STFC-RAL-CR03: These are the photographs here. This
STFC-RAL-CR03: squares that we're seeing. There are magnetic simply components to stop the magnetic field that affecting the
STFC-RAL-CR03: But we can't. This is how the columns sland in. These were the past bundles that we had to make
STFC-RAL-CR03: it. It was actually quite hard work
STFC-RAL-CR03: putting things together, and you can see the sort of upper of books
STFC-RAL-CR03: these these
STFC-RAL-CR03: structures here that can be used to install the problem that we're made actually here for me in the top, and and they worked well. I was out there using it again a few weeks ago.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and then eventually we we go light. Now
STFC-RAL-CR03: you make a fair. The Lxd detector is not fully commissioned yet in terms of trucks. So it's a bit difficult to
STFC-RAL-CR03: get full the Id or anything like this. But when it came to actually identifying the line that everything worked really well.
STFC-RAL-CR03: You can see how the I of from Syria in this to.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and then this becomes higher occupancy because you change the pixel size to be 4 times larger.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and this is the the line distribution. But everything worked really well.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and
STFC-RAL-CR03: erez agmoni one would go low to continue, and you can actually now see very much that these people are so. In the early days good will be 150
STFC-RAL-CR03: only the the first L to be detector that actually had something. Something. So pictures like this were shown by the
STFC-RAL-CR03: But the Director General.
STFC-RAL-CR03: i'm not to be here if i'm frequent stable upon my time.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Lyrics, Huh! 5.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Oh.
STFC-RAL-CR03: so all about this is going on. But
STFC-RAL-CR03: you should always expect the unexpected is unfortunately the thing. So while we're doing all of the preparation for the upgrade, while the the period is that it was operating.
STFC-RAL-CR03: We have an idea, I mean, we're testing all the hardware, and we have an idea.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Oh.
STFC-RAL-CR03: let's just to point out that during
STFC-RAL-CR03: all of the defective component testing that we're doing, we're also measuring the fundamental efficiency of these suppliers, and I want to point out that we can actually export the
STFC-RAL-CR03: and this is not even the super
STFC-RAL-CR03: for the ultra by airline and photographers. From how much
STFC-RAL-CR03: so for the battles! They've gone a long way in the last 15 years, I would say
STFC-RAL-CR03: we were very happy that we were about 27% with the
STFC-RAL-CR03: 25% of the Hds. And now we're getting 40%. And how much you can do is to pay them enough either. 50%.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So I had this idea, which is what is going to pay a
STFC-RAL-CR03: a a bit of the upgrade hardware.
STFC-RAL-CR03: The thing that about before the bottom deploy is the new electronics and everything else.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and we stick it in side with stool
STFC-RAL-CR03: behind the.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And that would allow us to take some data with a running detector
STFC-RAL-CR03: just to see what it looks like.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Now it turns out, but you know the Hpds. You put these circles, and they have tiny little gaps.
STFC-RAL-CR03: so the amount of land that we'd expect to be would be just a little bit of never going through the HIV.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So we put that in.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and it actually worked. We could actually see the line. We were very pleased because there is a picture taken from from the top, and this is for the
STFC-RAL-CR03: the HD problems as a thing. So the land is coming from that. But the Russia.
STFC-RAL-CR03: However, the one who looks up more closely.
STFC-RAL-CR03: we notice that we're getting
STFC-RAL-CR03: find a significant amount of light
STFC-RAL-CR03: at their own time.
STFC-RAL-CR03: when there was not a a bunch crossing from the Alex.
STFC-RAL-CR03: You know, in the early days when you see that you think I've done something wrong. But I've got my timing wrong, or something like this
STFC-RAL-CR03: to look at this, and we look at it more and more, and it just wouldn't go away
STFC-RAL-CR03: and it out. But it didn't go away because it was a real effect.
STFC-RAL-CR03: It's something that we call signal induced noise.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And what happens is that during
STFC-RAL-CR03: the notification processing the multi-
STFC-RAL-CR03: you can get.
STFC-RAL-CR03: which then goes back to the Philippines.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and then but
STFC-RAL-CR03: makes a new for the electron.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And if that can happen
STFC-RAL-CR03: at a very long time after your signal
STFC-RAL-CR03: in almost, you know. So microseconds later
STFC-RAL-CR03: I
STFC-RAL-CR03: that in principle it's a sort of random noise that i'll. In fact, you could probably cope with. But if it happens enough.
STFC-RAL-CR03: you can end up in a sort of almost positive feedback scenario, for certain pixels would be always on.
STFC-RAL-CR03: I'm with that of your
STFC-RAL-CR03: what? We looked at a little bit more. It was
STFC-RAL-CR03: not everyone. So this is the these are the quote: 64 pixels of of an, and they were at the 2 edges where this effect was the biggest. The meeting was fine.
STFC-RAL-CR03: This is because the the way the cub is named, the polo couple in the network feels Sylvia from what is going on a piano by the common structure, the diamond structure.
STFC-RAL-CR03: but the edges that have gaps and the bottoms will go through there.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So went back to how much we explain that.
and well they
STFC-RAL-CR03: 3 advanced. It was an issue. So they made a new series of At and Ts, where they took a little bit of extra material.
STFC-RAL-CR03: simple in a way, just to make sure that the photon will be safe, and Don't have to significantly use the amount of for signal and use knowledge of what we see, and eventually we'll put these new in these, that for the better ones in Pva, so it would be more important.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So we were quite happy that we discovered that early on
STFC-RAL-CR03: it didn't actually affect anything but what we're doing. So these are the mitigations that we have, and
STFC-RAL-CR03: something else that we we want to do is because
STFC-RAL-CR03: the cinema line arrives at the photo detectors
STFC-RAL-CR03: more or less all together. It is possible to put a hardware gate at the front lines and reject the
STFC-RAL-CR03: any line that their eyes are signed on. So if you go to the Lexy Buns crossing the 25 nanoseconds.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and offensively, we should be able to collect all the time of life within 6, 9 s on, maybe 9,
STFC-RAL-CR03: and the
STFC-RAL-CR03: fumigate that we can apply our on that, and then we all the line that's outside our. So when we use the effect of for
STFC-RAL-CR03: so the
STFC-RAL-CR03: erez agmoni. So this is what has already happened, and we have a new detective that's operating. But now we've got plants of what we're going to do in the future. So the first thing that the first one to make that we have is 150
STFC-RAL-CR03: during the illustrate, when apples and cms are going to do. The military operates
STFC-RAL-CR03: well.
STFC-RAL-CR03: It is not by accident that
STFC-RAL-CR03: we did our faith in understood, because we knew that if i'm in for aes 3 or 4 months longer
STFC-RAL-CR03: there will be a conflict of public, since, in the sense of people working out there, people developing all the technology and everything else, we knew how to do it.
STFC-RAL-CR03: but it also means that we're going to have 3 years for one not going to be taking any data, so there's a good opportunity to do something during this period.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So one thing that we're hoping we can we can do further is is actually enhance the
STFC-RAL-CR03: up front and electronics with timing information.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So.
STFC-RAL-CR03: as I said before, in principle, you can predict when a particular photon from a particular track is going to your eye on the phone section playing
STFC-RAL-CR03: with almost because of second accuracy.
STFC-RAL-CR03: because everything is is well generally going to.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So
STFC-RAL-CR03: if we were to use this, if we knew when every photon arrived and we could come at the particular time we could improve a lot. Our performance.
STFC-RAL-CR03: It allows you to
STFC-RAL-CR03: make your event less complex, because now you can associate particular patterns to particular.
STFC-RAL-CR03: not but necessary particular trucks, but particular primary vertices, because the primary vertices happen in the States out, and by.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So this is what
STFC-RAL-CR03: the primary purposes would sort of typically look like.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So the 2 bounces they cross each other, and the time it takes the 2 months of the process out there
STFC-RAL-CR03: is when the farmer interacts with 7, and
STFC-RAL-CR03: they take a little bit of time for everything to actually happen. So you can see these are trucks are having up the
STFC-RAL-CR03: up. It
STFC-RAL-CR03: mit Ctl and the photon detector plane of the Rs. And you can see that if you can look for an infinite time resolution, you can tell which primary vertex is quick 250.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So
STFC-RAL-CR03: this is what the total event looks like in in one for 3 nanoseconds.
STFC-RAL-CR03: But if you to take it down to a 100 picoseconds.
STFC-RAL-CR03: it looks much better, because now you see, only the kids from one particular primary vertex. So you remove all of your other trucks.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So the question is, how much of this can we use in order to improve our performance, because now you know, less complexity generally means more performance.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So this is what is the the current plan
STFC-RAL-CR03: we started off in, You know around 1, 2, for all of the hits we're in the same place, and how to certain the sales solution.
STFC-RAL-CR03: What we're planning to do now already is, use a front and panic a to remove a fuel that it's the path noise.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And during the illustri what we're hoping to do is actually start aing time information
STFC-RAL-CR03: onto the base, but on 2 page one the hits which would potentially help us to associate with the primary vertex.
STFC-RAL-CR03: so that eventually in
STFC-RAL-CR03: we're going to do our upgrade to in Ls 4. We can actually use this. Improve
STFC-RAL-CR03: the resolution as well. But why? I think it becomes a little bit smaller, and then be able to do with another factor of 5 with that in crazy luminosity.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So the the plan of doing this
STFC-RAL-CR03: this is our current electronic chain. So through the sensor we've got the front-end acid. The total of that does the amplification and discrimination.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Then the data gets elected by an Fpga, and it's sent down an article link to the the bucket for the Pci 14.
STFC-RAL-CR03: The idea is to replace
STFC-RAL-CR03: all of the front-end electronics, if you like with a simple except.
STFC-RAL-CR03: but I do
STFC-RAL-CR03: a lot of things.
STFC-RAL-CR03: First of all, it can talk directly to the Lpd. By meetings.
STFC-RAL-CR03: We have this lot of complex, and that requires significant amounts of this to
STFC-RAL-CR03: the other thing it's supposed to do is supposed to be amplification and discrimination.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and then also have a.
STFC-RAL-CR03: With an accuracy of 25 ms.
STFC-RAL-CR03: But in order to then reduce the amount of data that we have to send, Ddc. Will only be active in a window of 2 nanoseconds.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So what you're going to share is you're going to take these 2 nanoseconds, for you can move
STFC-RAL-CR03: to find where your focus are
STFC-RAL-CR03: the time all of the photons with 35 to the second time information, and then send those on
STFC-RAL-CR03: offense.
STFC-RAL-CR03: It turns out that you can do.
STFC-RAL-CR03: We don't have fixed yet. We don't know how well it's going to work, but this is the that would be the AIM,
STFC-RAL-CR03: and we can actually do this part.
STFC-RAL-CR03: doing that for
STFC-RAL-CR03: and
STFC-RAL-CR03: keeping the same. The bottom of the wires which get a time resolution about 150 people seconds, and eventually move to some other sensor that will give us something like 60 kilo seconds of timing by.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And who are the people who will do that fast? Rich? Is that these are certain people, they me, sir, and people from Barcelona.
STFC-RAL-CR03: If from Barcelona I have a lot of experience with radiation art components, we use some of the expertise when we're design in the parallel.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and I don't know how it works. I don't know who has the the major part to play
STFC-RAL-CR03: to me, but but it seems almost like money.
STFC-RAL-CR03: But apparently microelectronics have moved a long way from the one who designed the pixel T. For the Hds 20 years ago.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and the various components that you can assemble eventually into onet already exist.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and they say the low noise from the distal part and and other things that one can do isolate everything from the analog.
We'll see how it goes.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So what we currently have is something called the the fast peak, fast ice cream which will be the front end.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Oh, the!
STFC-RAL-CR03: And we're going to be pulled out into connectivity to photo multipliers, and already going into a testing, and we started to use.
STFC-RAL-CR03: We use this, and it seems like it's working.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Yeah. And of course we have things that this pathway needs to be radiation hard as well.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Well for the family, you don't take this, but this is actually happening, and the people that are designing the the path rates. They seem to be confident that they'll be able to deliver
STFC-RAL-CR03: Cern E. P. Ese what's Esc. That's, and it's it's the market on it.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So to be at the end. I think it's Barcelona and I don't remember what they they use for the University. I' the I Institute.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and and and this is actually you can see the cool without saying
STFC-RAL-CR03: what we said. Here is
STFC-RAL-CR03: the the plastic as the problem, the semester here at the back end, and
STFC-RAL-CR03: there is a Tdc. Implemented on the on the Fpga with something like 150
STFC-RAL-CR03: planning resolution, and all of that was put together in a testing you can see it's 4 P. And P. And
STFC-RAL-CR03: Silicon and the glider sensor.
STFC-RAL-CR03: all of them detecting life.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So we've come now to the next step and let's follow.
STFC-RAL-CR03: What are we going to do in Ellis? For? We've already started the the R. And D for this, and we make it fact that the Lexi be
STFC-RAL-CR03: has been awarded from the infrastructure upon almost 50 million to actually
STFC-RAL-CR03: to build the fussy deckers for alex to be the future. It's the future level of the future multi-talk. Here I'm. Propensity of future talks.
STFC-RAL-CR03: The idea is, this is how we see the the luminosity
STFC-RAL-CR03: evolving in in Lcv we started off early on. We increased the luminosity a little bit in in round 2. One the let's see one to 25 nanosecond operation
STFC-RAL-CR03: that helped us.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and then in run 3 and run 4. We're going to run a 5 times the luminos to. But before this is integrated with theuminosity, and then the idea is that after round 4 we're going to run
STFC-RAL-CR03: at the luminosis. The others and Cms were running in 1, one and 1, 2,
STFC-RAL-CR03: and
STFC-RAL-CR03: so the challenges are very, very big. It's not straightforward on how you can do this.
STFC-RAL-CR03: The idea is to find improve performance by improving everything in the so. One thing that you can do is you can improve the chromatic arrow by moving further
STFC-RAL-CR03: to You know the sort of the green if you like.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So before the Hpds were out here in the sort of blue and UV with the m at and T. As we moved more into the sort of blue. And now the idea! Is it possible to move into the the green area? Because the
STFC-RAL-CR03: the fact that the cent is less in its blood in that area? If you can go this way. It's even better so, silicon for the multiplies. We do this for you for free, and they have an increased detection efficiency as well.
STFC-RAL-CR03: The idea is to actually improve other components of the operations. So one thing that you can do here is
STFC-RAL-CR03: is improve your telescope, if you like.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So this is the current situation. But this video has to be a little bit guilty in order to point the photons out.
STFC-RAL-CR03: But if you to bring the clock mirror these funds into the acceptance.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Then you don't have to deal with the spectacle mirror anymore, and you improve the operations, and you can go from
STFC-RAL-CR03: 0 point 3, 6 to 0, point 2, and in reach to. If you to do that.
STFC-RAL-CR03: i'm not sure you can do that image, too, because
STFC-RAL-CR03: you don't have the space and say, hey, you could potentially go to, you know, microwave and total.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Why, you want to do this already.
STFC-RAL-CR03: 2 reasons. If you do this you lose all of the g that you put in here
STFC-RAL-CR03: so you can
STFC-RAL-CR03: Your path get smaller. The number of photons they're going to detect goes down.
STFC-RAL-CR03: You can compensate for that if you, following that to some more efficient.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And the other thing is that currently our glass of these nerves are made of glass, and they need aluminium support. So you cannot just go and put it
STFC-RAL-CR03: loads of X 0 inside their acceptance. But the idea is to make these from the same
STFC-RAL-CR03: technology, has to make the spherical mirrors which composites. And then you can put all the support on the outside, not big mirrors.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And then it's possible because we're not affecting the
STFC-RAL-CR03: so. This is be done with the plan with, you know, with sort of. If you go to Silicon Pms, you can go to 1 mm easily
STFC-RAL-CR03: rather than 3 million dollars a week now.
STFC-RAL-CR03: so you can see how you can reduce things and eventually end up with
STFC-RAL-CR03: the so this is the total in which one let's say you can. You can do something like, you know, point to the total
STFC-RAL-CR03: and
STFC-RAL-CR03: and sorry which one is up there, and that increase to, you know. Maybe
STFC-RAL-CR03: you know, point one or something like that point to, for, for example.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So these are the ideas that we found together in order to improve improve things.
STFC-RAL-CR03: It's a it's a possibility. Yeah. But there's a there's another company called SDK in in Italy, but they're also producing
STFC-RAL-CR03: you, I believe.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and I think it's done the same with dark sign. Okay, so that will be local final understanding on programming production.
STFC-RAL-CR03: I think it's. Yeah, i'll go there. So now, if you to include
STFC-RAL-CR03: Hi.
STFC-RAL-CR03: that shows you how your proponents could potentially improve
STFC-RAL-CR03: as you improve the timing of your photon spectrum. So you start with the 25, 9 s, is it nothing? Then you put a 6 5 you know the 6.2, 5, 9 s is you? I'm engaged at the front end of the talking about you. Improve a little bit.
STFC-RAL-CR03: If you make the gate a bit smaller, and it will be a little bit more, but not mass. And then, you know, at 500 picoseconds you're starting to see the difference, and if you have to go all the way down to about 20 picoseconds, you know you're sitting over here, you
STFC-RAL-CR03: you! You sh the same performance that we have now for 5 or 10 times.
STFC-RAL-CR03: I
STFC-RAL-CR03: allowing you all this, you also reduce the amount of knowledge, and you can see how
STFC-RAL-CR03: the performance sort of improve the nodes at the same time.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So is that the gate or the the resolution on the so the the game only goes up to 3,
STFC-RAL-CR03: because beyond free you start losing phones, they it's difficult to get all of them at the same time.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And also you have no timing of the information. All you got is, you check noise.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So if you go from 20 to 125 to 3, what you're doing is you're using your noise, your your accounts, for example, from sequence
STFC-RAL-CR03: your out of time photons of something like this by a significant factor, by a factor of
STFC-RAL-CR03: while keeping your your your your turn to photons falling.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and then, before that, you start adding some information to your
STFC-RAL-CR03: to the
STFC-RAL-CR03: which is 20 cm. So interaction lasts one man a second, anyway.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So yes, exactly. Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So these are.
STFC-RAL-CR03: The
STFC-RAL-CR03: The thing is I make for them to fly. I'm. An at these
STFC-RAL-CR03: they don't have the ultimate planning performance of what we want.
STFC-RAL-CR03: They're operating okay in principle. They're a little bit sensitive to magnetic fields. We can talk without artwork.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Silicon coding with liars are better in many ways. But then city in the resolution, I think that
STFC-RAL-CR03: these are the latest numbers that we have from in Fdk.
STFC-RAL-CR03: They are in sensitive magnetic fields. But lattice defects gives you a significant amount of backgrounds, especially at the
STFC-RAL-CR03: one way to compute this is to actually operate at cryogenic temperatures.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and we said
STFC-RAL-CR03: part of the R. And D. That we're going to do here at Val is to operate silicon foot multipliers up below, minus 100.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Mcps are microtonal plates and
STFC-RAL-CR03: a large area picosecond detectors, or something like this. Luc. Second photo detectors that similar technologies
STFC-RAL-CR03: They got the time resolution. They suffer a bit more from total charge collection.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So the age with time. And if you have a lot of photons that you need to detect after a while they they like.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and they're expensive
STFC-RAL-CR03: trying to cover.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So
STFC-RAL-CR03: I've already gone beyond my allocated time.
STFC-RAL-CR03: I thought i'll give you one little thing, but we don't I but they really nice to
STFC-RAL-CR03: presentation, probably about the States in perspective. So they were talking about a lot of things that some of these things that we really understand. So i'll just concentrate on radiation damage here.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So this is what happens on the the dark and right
STFC-RAL-CR03: with the flu, and so
STFC-RAL-CR03: metron equivalent per centimeter, and you can see so that it goes up. This is exponential, and this is operating at different temperatures.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So operating at something like a minus 10 minus 40 is already on out
STFC-RAL-CR03: simulating fiber track there is doing, but it's using silicon equilibria.
But you can see how you can actually reduce
STFC-RAL-CR03: enormously the amount of documents if you go to Criterion campuses.
STFC-RAL-CR03: The the only thing that the thing that was interesting here is that at some point there's a big jump.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and they don't understand this yet. So they're looking into it.
STFC-RAL-CR03: But that would probably be the idea of what we would try to achieve, if possible. The problem that we have is, we have a glass window, and on the other side you go to 150.
STFC-RAL-CR03: A gas with a boarding point of mine, too.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and somehow
STFC-RAL-CR03: it is not always how you can. Well, you can do this, you you cannot just put it in a box.
STFC-RAL-CR03: And there were. There was a couple of slide about deviation. As the interesting thing is.
STFC-RAL-CR03: it is rather obvious that you cannot prevent the balance
STFC-RAL-CR03: from increasing the dot contract.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So
STFC-RAL-CR03: I don't think the mitigation strategies that were found for tracking detectors and radiation
STFC-RAL-CR03: and work
STFC-RAL-CR03: for these devices because you only have one problem. You only have 2 ev to play this
STFC-RAL-CR03: that you know to make the example. So it's very difficult to
STFC-RAL-CR03: to apply for computing, so the idea is, Can we design them in such a way, so that the silicon Vm.
STFC-RAL-CR03: The time to start your for 4 months in a given application?
STFC-RAL-CR03: So I want to use a small cells. It's something that you can you can do because of
STFC-RAL-CR03: Oh, the way the the
STFC-RAL-CR03: potentially you can switch off individual small cells when they become
STFC-RAL-CR03: for something like this.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So, but using smaller cells means that that you lose a little bit of protection efficiency.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and there's a trail for that, and whether the electric field will be engineered enough
STFC-RAL-CR03: to give a better that-pound rate interpreter
STFC-RAL-CR03: So these are ideas we're working on at that particular time
exhibition.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and
STFC-RAL-CR03: they would like to build
STFC-RAL-CR03: the the these viral
STFC-RAL-CR03: by the time they get.
STFC-RAL-CR03: and of course they need to be able to call, you know, up to 10, to the 14 neutron equivalence.
STFC-RAL-CR03: So they're thinking of new ways of making these philosophy lawyers that build these
STFC-RAL-CR03: new things, and they think
STFC-RAL-CR03: so that that layer is on the outer radius of this Cms tracker. It's that, I believe so. Yes.
STFC-RAL-CR03: so that's it.
STFC-RAL-CR03: Thank you very much for your attention.