kennethlong: Okay, are we good to go.
Ivana Hristova: Yes, we are good to go.
kennethlong: Okay, so.
kennethlong: Thank you very much, this is very weird looking at the screen but anyway so i'm very pleased to be able to tell you about new storm, in particular in the context of the new initiative to develop your collider.
kennethlong: Which is reborn answer So here we go it yeah there we go so um I think.
kennethlong: Many people on the line, probably on probably know already the motivation for using human beings to do high energy collisions and all sorts of local neutrinos, but I just review the motivation very rapidly.
kennethlong: And then point out what the advantage of the mural beams are, I think.
kennethlong: All of those things we known to many.
kennethlong: Your collider I think that there is modest amount of technical progress.
kennethlong: Since the last time there was such a seminar in ppd.
kennethlong: By try and summarize the status, in particular, as a new development that's coming out at CERN.
kennethlong: And in that context and I go summarize the status of new storm, so the design was created out of the physical colliders activity at CERN and we now try and take it forward in the same context, and then, of course, come to some conclusions at the end so and So here we go and.
kennethlong: Where to start well.
kennethlong: I guess one place to start is with the standard model that we know highly predictive robust taught framework, and you can measure, a number of things predict hours to great precision so i've just picked two figures from.
kennethlong: Some talks in the past, and you see the.
kennethlong: The effective couple things on the left hand side is the functional part last So you can see how well my spectrum is described by the higgs mechanism on the right hand side is an indication of the consistency of the model so there's no top and then w.
kennethlong: You see, the measurements and you see the the way in which you can predict what the value of the higgs should be from that and, of course, the reason measurement or lots of recent now but anyway, the measurement.
kennethlong: is completely consistent with our results so standard model is both predictive and it's verified at that kind of level of procedure so actually a very good level of precision.
kennethlong: Using the higgs, of course, you want to be beginning to look at whether there is physics beyond what is inside the standard model so people are looking for.
kennethlong: Corporate gizmos on couplings or the diagrams.
kennethlong: At the bottom left.
kennethlong: People defined effective coupling so for the.
kennethlong: For the programmers and for the vectors and in a space where the standard model value is that one a combination of measurements gives you the Cross here, and you can see the degree to which the standard model value is being born out by the data so again.
kennethlong: standard model really is describing all the data that you see.
kennethlong: And, arguably, this is my motivating his factory to reduce the uncertainties substantially in the hope of finding some thing which doesn't quite fit.
kennethlong: Serious.
kennethlong: really believe that there is physics beyond the standard model.
kennethlong: So I just pick out to plots from a whole body of literature on that so on the left hand side you see the effective potential.
kennethlong: Of the higgs field and there's a minimum at the.
kennethlong: This point here, which is where we believe we're sitting in.
kennethlong: A stable vacuum state.
kennethlong: However, if you run the.
kennethlong: Potential further in energy there's a place where suddenly goes off a cliff.
kennethlong: So people don't think about this is a stable state and they observed that, if you look into space top mass and mass.
kennethlong: And you look at some stability criteria and the standard model is sitting here, and if these masses were slightly different than something different would happen, so the theorists like to.
kennethlong: argue that the fact that this is a stable state means that there's something else which is stabilizing it and therefore there has to be new physics.
kennethlong: a place where there really is the physics, is in the neutrino sector, so we understand that the.
kennethlong: standard model.
kennethlong: goose the potential that I showed you on the previous slide it's got a minimum and that's the way the masses are described, and I showed you a plot, with all the masses.
kennethlong: In the clock sector there's a mixing matrix as the cpm matrix and its measured with great precision at different experiments scientists flash the matrix there, by contrast, there is a mixing matrix in the neutrino sector is not so well known.
kennethlong: slightly out of date but i'm giving the.
kennethlong: magnitude has different matrix elements.
kennethlong: In the in this box here.
kennethlong: And a key thing with neutrinos is that the mix things appear to be very different for those, of course, perhaps that's only because we have a prejudice that they should be similar but they're very different.
kennethlong: And the mascara neutrinos the force away different through the mass girls of all the charge for millions of people like to think that these two things arise from some physical principle and.
kennethlong: Those people who develop models connect these things to fix very high energy scale through seasonal mechanisms and things like that.
kennethlong: What he really does it motivate a high precision neutrino program so that you can get very large events on booze and importantly low systematic uncertainties in order to probe this and hopefully come out with some new insights by that measurement so.
kennethlong: After.
kennethlong: Pretty brief introduction, we could define the ambitions that we want to have as being that we want to understand the properties that he's.
kennethlong: With the highest possible precision, you want to understand the properties of neutrino with the highest possible precision and we want to study the properties and matter again with the highest possible precision.
kennethlong: Okay, so in that sort of set of goals what could be there, all of me on beams Okay, so why would you want to take me on being.
kennethlong: In order to do particle physics with it and that's really it really comes down to the mass.
kennethlong: So the master course is 200 times the electron masses attend to the proton mass.
kennethlong: For.
kennethlong: Doing experiments with new ones that has the benefit that the rate.
kennethlong: Of brainstorming is very small, so he really would try and create a New York collider to replace the need, plus or minus collider the rays of brimstone is, which is proportional to match to the minus four is going to be suppressed by water 510 to the minus 10.
kennethlong: Compared to the electron right so that means that the beam spot size in large enough space and time and energy can be much, much smaller than that of an electron and the corrections.
kennethlong: corrections that you have to make a much smaller there's also an enhanced coupling to the hicks so the hicks production rate is going as mass squared so compared to any policy miners collider you can make pigs is standard model his is the the for enhancements.
kennethlong: Also, from the point of view of acceleration, the fact that the masses is not too large, means that you have a favorable favorable rigidity and you can really accelerate the nuance to a higher energy in an efficient way.
kennethlong: So all of those things are advantage in studying the energy frontiers using we will beams.
kennethlong: Was murals decay.
kennethlong: indicate democratically into neutrinos with electronic neon flavor, we know that Michelle parameters that govern the decay very, very well.
kennethlong: And therefore we really know precisely the end of the spectrum of tuners have, as long as we know them you're being on the spectrum of the neurons in your brain so that means we can study.
kennethlong: The physics of flavor and neutrinos using.
kennethlong: If you have been generated from your decay.
kennethlong: So we can do precision neutrino physics, that you know solution to this, we also search for charged little flavor violation three.
kennethlong: We can do sensitive leftover violation searches I apologize for the sea and again, because we have an efficient acceleration, we can actually get we can truly you know be managed by tuning the middle of humanity to get what we want.
kennethlong: Okay, so I just wanted to flush a few sensitivity thing, so the standard model hicks yeah 125 GB has a wet which is four and a half and movies, are very, very narrow.
kennethlong: In order to study that you really have to have an exquisite resolution in the beam So if you really wanted to scan across the line shape, you have to have a relative precision here, which is really exquisite and less than 10 to the minus.
kennethlong: Point or 3%.
kennethlong: Okay, and the issues that you've got to have is you've got to suppress So if you look at the corrections that you get from the initial state radiation, you have to be able to study the shape of this in great detail in order to understand radiative correction.
kennethlong: If they would be two pages, which are close together in mass, then you want to be able to explain this more beam spot.
kennethlong: So you can look at different models I picked one actually from quite long ago where, if you look at two ND states which are close together, you have to have a precision, which is able to resolve them.
kennethlong: For both of these reasons, you need to have.
kennethlong: You need to have a very well very narrow beam energy spread collider.
kennethlong: Okay.
kennethlong: The high energy justification for the high energy is summarized here on the left hand side is a product which we put in a paper that were sent to.
kennethlong: distract you update a while ago, so you see the equivalent energy to reach a certain hard collision Center mass energy using a proton beam where of course the heart connection is between the bottles.
kennethlong: Compared to that and what is a function of the heart collision Center methodology that you would get any me plus minus B.
kennethlong: And the takeaways and if you had a 14 TV me on collider they're roughly speaking, you get the same hard collision Center mass energy as you would with 100 TV proton collider so that's a great advantage in exploring the energy frontier, of course, you want to be studying.
kennethlong: The higgs physics, such that you could look at the the higher order gauge coupling so sketches diagrams is shown there.
kennethlong: You want to be able to look at the thing in this channel and really the fact that you're able to accelerate very efficiently if you catch enough nuance is the thing which motivates the study of your climate for very high energy.
kennethlong: Okay.
kennethlong: So I wanted to briefly summarize the status of the mural collider study.
kennethlong: So I take a slice from Danny Shelton others.
kennethlong: The largely based on the work that's been done over the last 10 to 15 years, culminating in the new an accelerator program at formula.
kennethlong: And, of course, the UK and rutherford lab and ppd in particular have made significant contributions to that work so it's a snapshot i'm just going to pick out some things to try and show you what the status is.
kennethlong: From Daniel shortest talk at the APS meeting recently and the luminosity goals that have been adopted for the.
kennethlong: For the New York collider in its new incarnation of summarized here so we're really looking at a very high energy you on collider going from three TVs to 14 TV with these are white boys.
kennethlong: And the luminosity goes on the left hand side.
kennethlong: parameter table.
kennethlong: which has been adopted is shown on the right hand side So you see the luminosity in units of 10 34% in meter squared per second.
kennethlong: You really, really have to have the high luminosity because of course the across action is falling with us, so this is sort of not not a luxury it's really something which has to be achieved.
kennethlong: And honored to pick out the frequency so we're assuming that we're going to have a repetition rate of five hertz course the luminosity is depending on the frequency so that's.
kennethlong: that's a critical number now for beam as a really an important aspect in order to get the power consumption of the accelerator down so that it can be not too expensive to operate, and you can compare the power in the beans to.
kennethlong: Have a click so the projection is that a 14 TV, you would be consuming almost as much power as click with consumers at 10 astoria three TV.
kennethlong: Yes, Okay, so you can read the parameter table at your leisure.
kennethlong: The baseline scheme so obviously the studies only just starting so it's it's a it's a scheme which needs to be validated is.
kennethlong: classic, if you like, so we start with a low energy proton beam but high power, the face face is manipulated, so this bunch when it hits the target the target producers pylons the patterns are captured in a magnetic channel.
kennethlong: The point of view decay happens in a magnetic channels are the main ones are captured in fact both sides music captured there's an interface where.
kennethlong: You need to deal with the fact that the new ones are a tertiary been therefore the face face the occupiers quite large to accelerate efficiently, you want to be accelerating a small face face, so there is a necessary cooling channel.
kennethlong: So that reduces the faith based in six dimensions before the.
kennethlong: wheels are accelerating Koreans most efficient around 200 MTV and of course 200 MTV gamma is only of order to.
kennethlong: And therefore, the lifetime is still very, very short so there's a real premium in raising the energy of the neurons to a hoarder 10 gv.
kennethlong: Very rapidly, indeed, and the concept that being considered at the moment is to have a recycling and then actually use the rf efficiently.
kennethlong: course the gamma is changing, and therefore the velocity is changing, and therefore the phasing through the cavity is changing sorry.
kennethlong: Sorry, you have to change the length of delay before you reinjected the oxy are changing the length music collection and I can order to deal with that with the changing velocity, then you inject into the.
kennethlong: into the ring, which is taking the.
kennethlong: Momentum up to the three or 14 TV, so this is actually a big ring in order to deal with.
kennethlong: The acceleration and the focusing on that the this ring is conceived as being quite large the storage in yourself can actually be quite small, so the biggest thing in that accelerator system is actually the high energy accelerating so I see outline scheme.
kennethlong: I open a parenthesis there's another way of making neurons which.
kennethlong: In which you annihilate positrons was electrons arrest insights on target, so this goes by the name of lemme which is low energy new one.
kennethlong: When you an accelerator anyway, so you need a very high energy, so you know the 50 gv 4550 GB positron rain, a very high current that strikes a target and the energy.
kennethlong: threshold for the production of new pairs with it from the annihilation of the Polish on the show here, so you see a rapid turnaround around 45 TV and then a platter The critical thing is, you want to.
kennethlong: You want to make them yours, in a very small face face the big advantages that you can evade the cooling channel that means you need to be close to the threshold.
kennethlong: Because you want to be injecting the new plus and minus into a small volume and face face if you're close to the threshold.
kennethlong: That means your energy stability has to be really critical and if you're if you are wrong, and the energy is a little bit lower than the rate goes down very, very far so as a critical part of the accelerators scheme, the energy, which is dumped in the target.
kennethlong: In your production target is also enormous, so there are some key technical challenges there which i've summarized at the bottom here, and I think there's now a small group.
kennethlong: based around for scotty which continues to look into this scheme, the baseline is is the more traditional production, one that I showed you what.
kennethlong: we're working towards.
kennethlong: A fairly ambitious timeline so as indicated here there's the weasel phrase technically limited and on the top right which.
kennethlong: which you can all interpret in your favorite way, but I think the key goal is that.
kennethlong: One can distinguish three phases, for the project there's the phase that we're in now, which is preparing the baseline design a key part is.
kennethlong: A test facility or technology demonstrator period which is happening here in year six plus.
kennethlong: This really is the place where a new store might be able to contribute, and I think it's in that context that we should consider how to take this program forward the key thing is that, having designed.
kennethlong: The baseline facility you then want to go through an optimization phase and you want to be looking at prototypes your key components and also have a test facility to be able to demonstrate the critical risks.
kennethlong: Okay.
kennethlong: So I wanted to comment on the detector most of.
kennethlong: What i'm going to dwell on is really around the accelerator facilities.
kennethlong: But I think the detector has some key challenges.
kennethlong: concepts are being discussed for various parts of the detector the most developed is really a scheme, which is focusing on the one and a half TV route so i'm not quite at the baseline that outline before.
kennethlong: Because of where the people contribution to this come from is based on the click detector the key difference is this intrusion into the colliding being detector which is called a nozzle, so this is a passive.
kennethlong: thing which is shooting the detector from beaming juice backgrounds, which are predominantly coming from you on decay, the aim is to create a trigger three down system and the goal for the assumption is that there's water 100 kilohertz great a bunch crossings.
kennethlong: So of course we have the five hertz repetition rate, but at the moment the rf is such that the the.
kennethlong: The estimate is a bunch crossings will be 100 kilohertz also level.
kennethlong: Okay, a key issue for people.
kennethlong: is outlined here, so the images background dominant sources, I said is new on decay, so I picked a picture from one of the presentations that are recent meeting So you see at the top, there is a background, which is arising from the beams.
kennethlong: And from decay and from particle striking material in the in the beam.
kennethlong: For all particles, but not neutrons and then he sees the contribution of the new tools themselves so it's quite a high background environment.
kennethlong: As you come in towards the interaction regionalism necessity to shield the detective from these background, so you can see.
kennethlong: In and also in the jargon, which is composed of tungsten.
kennethlong: And and subordinated policy in order to remove the neutrons and it is in closing the final focus chords and, in addition, you can see that it has a quite a large angles, but the bottom left up to 750 GB per been just one half TV Center mass again i'm trying to show you the rate of particles.
kennethlong: So.
kennethlong: So you can see that protons and electrons have an enormous rate, but at very low momentum and the neutrons and charged hadron.
kennethlong: Also, have an enormous rate and again the momentum is quite low, if you look at the timing this background is coming both outside the nominal collision point, so this is this plot is the time with respect to the.
kennethlong: Nominal collusion time which is zero here, and you can see that the electron background is really in time with the event and that's a real issue both for the shooting which i've shown you here, but also for the tracking and other parts of the detector.
kennethlong: So different contexts, are being discussed for the for the detectors i'm just flashing the the sort of.
kennethlong: headlines the concept is that there will be a very high performance tracker which would be made or vertically detector and in a tracker now to tracker and the concept is a day silicon.
kennethlong: The silicon in pixels or micro strips and they have the kind of specification, which are pulled out on the table top right.
kennethlong: The color emitter or she there's an electromagnetic going ahead on it color amateur key thing, there is to be able to.
kennethlong: reconstruct the showers and to be able to do the kind of pixelated tracking that people try and do in in coloring the T shirt on the show showing you.
kennethlong: An idea of the size, so the log to this is occupancy of their calorie meter is on the vertical scale, and this is from the access, so you can see that there are a lot of particles.
kennethlong: that need to be dealt with, and therefore the granularity is being designed is slow, is small, and this is the resolution it's estimated for a particular implementation.
kennethlong: Of the JET PT resolution as a function of the do true jet energy going out to a CG So you can see that.
kennethlong: Despite the difficulties, pick your heart beginning to make designs, which will work I think there's a key issue in order to make efficient tracking you have to have.
kennethlong: A very low occupancy, so I think the discussion or what the be parameters should be is perhaps not finished, but these are challenging parameters really that need to be honest, to be more detail and I think there's scope here for.
kennethlong: ideas and for development.
kennethlong: Okay, to move on to the accelerator that the target team needs to be developed, there is an existing experiment demonstrate this one method of making the target, which is required so i'm just flashing us live from.
kennethlong: an experiment which ran into quite a long time ago, which your mercury jet was exposed to the beam proton beam from the PS.
kennethlong: And so what you're seeing at the top left is the mercury being squirted into a vacuum vessel, so the blue is the mercury here.
kennethlong: proton beam is a dashed line which is coming from the other side you're viewing that collision through supports which you had the side.
kennethlong: And if you look at the little film when you see the mercury jet being disrupted that's when the proton beam is it important thing is that the measurements were such that.
kennethlong: People were estimated that they could make it target which, at least in principle would deal with the kind of powers, which talked about for your collider I think mercury is not maybe the favorite solution now, but I was what was that.
kennethlong: The key thing is how do you reduce the face of them you're being obviously murals decay rapidly if you use traditional techniques for cooling high energy beams such as.
kennethlong: stochastic cooling they take time for the cooling effect to develop and that would mean that the.
kennethlong: cost in terms of decay would be too large.
kennethlong: And therefore we have to do something which is faster and ionization cooling.
kennethlong: Is the technique which is being proposed, the key thing to remember when you think about on ization cooling, is that you should have been which perhaps has high divergence through some material typically.
kennethlong: It has a low low is that the atomic number, so that you create the conditions for the beam to lose energy as it goes through the absorber That means that it loses longitudinal and transmits meant when he can portions So if you accelerate now only and along the jewel direction you can.
kennethlong: emerge with being which has the same momentum, as it went in with but, whereas the component transverse does have been these smaller than.
kennethlong: Sorry, is reduced compared to the long term rental compared to what it was when it came in last the transverse cooling.
kennethlong: If you look at the way the admittance dependence to transmit this depends on the distance recording channel there's a term which is cooling so it's got the minus sign.
kennethlong: Here, and as a term which team, which is coming from multiple scattering twice the rate of energy last really which is doing the cooling.
kennethlong: The optimum kind of material that you want to have we have a low atomic number.
kennethlong: A large X zero so that to suppress the scattering turn, you have to use a tight focus, so the beater here is small and the cooling time is enhanced and.
kennethlong: If you look at the different kinds of materials you create a figure of merit, out of the norm and the dx you can see that liquid hydrogen is the best some and helium might be second best but lithium combined with hydrogen gives good performance to see my dog it's good performance to.
kennethlong: Of course relevant loud we executed the MICE experiment and I flashed the result that we published the nature last year here.
kennethlong: So the experiment you remember ran on ISIS we prepared the ones that came from the target which dipped into the ice storage ring.
kennethlong: And shot, the new ones, one, at a time to our operators, so there was a tough and time of flight so at the time of flight on a track off system upstream.
kennethlong: Do we know issue in one me on into the first spectrometer spectrometer measures, the face faces and the ones we construct the beam then offline.
kennethlong: there's an absorber either lithium hydroxide or hydrogen, which is introducing a focus coil.
kennethlong: In the sentence or refocus the beings through the absorber and then we do the same coming out so we measure in spectrometers and mostly that face faces and he was coming out you have time of flight appreciate detector the color metairie in order to reject electrons from the case.
kennethlong: So here what you're seeing is the magnetic field through the Channel So you see reverse isn't the absorber which has to do with a monumental transmits mental energy the beam size from the simulation.
kennethlong: So, if you look at the right hand side what you're seeing is the effect of cooling, in effect, so what you see is the distance of a new on from the core of the beam.
kennethlong: that's for too long the horizontal axis and what's pushing the vertical axis is the ratio of the number of events which you measure at a particular am producing this is the Center of the beam downstream divided by.
kennethlong: The same number upstream, so if this number is bigger than one then that's cooling and if it's more than one then that's either heating or.
kennethlong: losses in the transmission The key thing to look at, if you look at the larger beam, so this is six millimeter in put him in SAS 10 millimeter improvements, everything is 140 and maybe you can see that, if you look at the bigger beams.
kennethlong: As we look through the different cases so here with hydrogen so that's the second row, and here we listen by Dr you can see that in the region.
kennethlong: of low amplitude you're increasing the population downstream you're seeing that the organization cooling is working.
kennethlong: mice really demonstrated the principle that you can call it a been using organization cool.
kennethlong: Okay, from you on collider.
kennethlong: You have to both cooling transverse face face it longitudinal face face because you got to get this more spot size to get the luminosity up the scheme, which is introduced is shown here, so, if you look at the faces of beams starting from the target.
kennethlong: there's a manipulation of the phases of beam so we rotate in face face, so we have an initial transmission mittens drop, which is really not cooling it's coming from exchange remittance.
kennethlong: Using rf cavities but then recording starts so in transverse admittance and along with you know the Minutes, the first part in a.
kennethlong: linear cooling channels, such as we have in mice is reducing the.
kennethlong: logical and transmits minutes to a point down yeah.
kennethlong: there's a change in the way in which the cooling is done so that there's a place where you exchange transmission limit your limits in any court again.
kennethlong: eventually come to a place where you allow the beams to grow.
kennethlong: In order to get.
kennethlong: A good event rate for the collider until this point and the people believe that in simulation.
kennethlong: They demonstrated the kind of admittance in longitudinal and transmit space space, which is required for the young collider and you can see the points where the different technologies have been simulated in detail in order to see whether.
kennethlong: The theoretical development is possible okay so cooling is is an important part of activity.
kennethlong: acceleration, as I say, was.
kennethlong: Was the largest thing largest single accelerator piece of the facility.
kennethlong: To hear from the map scheme i'm just showing you what was eventually adopted as a baseline so that was a series circulating linear accelerator so here after the cooling section you inject.
kennethlong: into the big blue ring so here are the re circulating and actually we're injecting the new minus in this direction you plus in that direction, and you can see the.
kennethlong: The county's which are doing the acceleration and the awkward to bring in the particles around the game.
kennethlong: Okay, so as detail detail here on the way that the mapping scheme of the language.
kennethlong: was good.
kennethlong: There are three technological devices which are being considered at the moment there's recirculating Linux.
kennethlong: The type which are shown on the right hand side is fixed field, alternating radiant accelerators where the madness of static and the shapes of the Pope pieces, such as to keep the particles going around the orbits.
kennethlong: That that is bondage is there for the point you have the size of the face base, which can be accepted and the energy consumption needs.
kennethlong: And also, at these high energies it's possible to use a rabbit I can see john so there, there are advantages, because potentially as larger accelerator range is a reasonable cost.
kennethlong: But you have to deal with the fact that you have to put energy into the magnets and, therefore, that that perhaps more energy consuming you know production.
kennethlong: Okay, and a key issue which has been worried about is.
kennethlong: neutrino radiation so.
kennethlong: Obviously the at the production, so I had the collision point there's a focus a tight focus so that.
kennethlong: So that the beams.
kennethlong: Have the maximum velocity.
kennethlong: The rest of the ring the beams.
kennethlong: diverged in the first place is not as compressed and the key point is that.
kennethlong: There we go.
kennethlong: That, as the neurons decay, they treat neutrino radiation.
kennethlong: In the lab frames, the end of the cross section for neutrino scattering grows linearly with energy so very high energy there's a significant cross section drowning interact how genetic material we produced a neutrino interactions therefore since the beam is focused.
kennethlong: and has commented through the streets there's a place where.
kennethlong: The lowest rate section will create a beam of neutrinos which will create a radiation hotspot as it leaves here if I study actively mitigation strategies to ensure that the radiation limits for the public.
kennethlong: And there are various schemes, for example, causing the streets to have some automation in it, so that you spread the spot and clearly, if you make the beams very cold, you can achieve luminosity that's high with your particles and that would be an advantage to.
kennethlong: Okay, so how a new store.
kennethlong: What is new storm and then, how would it fit in this environment.
kennethlong: I wanted to do one slide of of motivation, so a one slide, this is the history of neutrino.
kennethlong: physics accelerators and you can see, the concept of a horn focused neutrino beam is really going back to 60s, with the Van Horn.
kennethlong: and positive traction frequency of trump, so this is really.
kennethlong: happening at this boundary and 5960 in this region, yet.
kennethlong: Since then there's been incremental development in technique and accelerators both in power in energy and the techniques for parsing the horns.
kennethlong: And in the structure of the hordes and sales but largely the technique has been the same.
kennethlong: You can see the enormous wealth of physics, has been developed here, and the whole activity is now being taken to a new level of June and hyper K, with enormous detectors and hyper beams to study material solutions great position.
kennethlong: I think the key observation that I want to make for this talk is that the new set of detectors are going to be very large you're going to be served by high GPA Greens so they're going to have very large datasets, and that means that the controller systematics becomes very important.
kennethlong: If you want to go to the next phase of this arguably June and hyper K those enormous detectors with the exquisite instrumentation.
kennethlong: are really a combination of detect development and really you need to be able to approve the accelerated techniques to reduce the systematic errors in order to get to procedures which are beyond what they can do.
kennethlong: Okay, so that brings in new store, so what we want to do a new storm is to create a story on beam So if you like, as an entry level storage new on facility.
kennethlong: So we want to store as many meals as possible when the creative, such as a long straight section to predominantly itchiness decay and pointed towards your SDK between as a pointed towards the detector we want to exploit the well known flavor compositions and beyond decade.
kennethlong: And we have two goals, we want to do.
kennethlong: present level neutrino cross section measurement in a double differential costs extra space, both for yourself and as a service to the oscillation.
kennethlong: physics industry.
kennethlong: And we also want to make sensitive searches hysteria he knows where the sensitivity that goes beyond that which the.
kennethlong: Top baseline program at fermilab is going to deliver or maybe think of that as as beyond the standard one searches, we started.
kennethlong: To do that, we need to be able to get the normalization and gina fox are better than 1% we store them you want, we can estimate the stories during.
kennethlong: Our simulations indicates that's possible to measure the energy of the ring, so that we can never predict the energy spectrum of the new changes that are produced.
kennethlong: And that way we can really make a precise control of the beam going into the detector just point out one thing that as the piles comes through the.
kennethlong: decay pions are injected into the production straight and the pipe nutrient deficient is happening in the production straight therefore there's a flash of nuance type neutrinos as the piles decay and that gives you a lot right did you can also export.
OK.
kennethlong: So the flux is your estimated is shown here so in the first part of the beam where the parts are turning into yawns.
kennethlong: You have the kind of rates, which is shown on the left hand side, so this is the neutrino flux in 50 MTV bins the tenant the 20 long Perkins will target in subsequent times, you have to me on so you can look at the story plus giving you new ease was told me plus.
kennethlong: The new the new bars in black and red and just to fix a point the peak here.
kennethlong: In New a spectrum is sitting well above that which you can produce by pilot with piles because the new one is decaying democratically into the new in this case, it was restored me or be managing 3.8 GB.
kennethlong: which was.
kennethlong: From an implementation approach the lab and i'm giving you some numbers at the bottom of what what you might expect from from influxes i'm such a facilities.
kennethlong: facilities to sensitivity is shown here so in if you would make a facility, where you are storing beyond the 3.8 GB and you shoot them into an ad texture and the fire detector which is water two kilometers away.
kennethlong: Then the exclusion that you can get in a plane of the mask or a difference versus the mixing angle is shown here, I think the key thing to look at is that in this.
kennethlong: appearance so new ease appearing we expecting new music new music period were you expecting us, you can find an exclusion of the current LM s amp D allow region.
kennethlong: kind of 10 Sigma level, so I think that's not to the takeaway is not that you can do attention or exclusion or something it's really that the sensitivity of the operators, because the beam is so pure is.
kennethlong: is enormous.
kennethlong: So it's really the beam which is giving you that advantage.
kennethlong: French you know scattering I suspect.
kennethlong: Well, I want to give this slide not because you don't know it, but just to give a.
kennethlong: One version of why you want to study in the journal cross sections and great precision So the first thing is that if you don't know the.
kennethlong: nutrient of cross sections, then you get a reduced discovery potential for the cpu violating phase, the neutrino selection, so the top figure is an old got.
kennethlong: made by WHO morale where you see hyper K being studied where, if you have no cross section uncertainty your discovery reaches a photo tg one three is following this black line at the bottom.
kennethlong: Did you want three, of course, is now at this right edge of the ground so we only need to look at the right edge.
kennethlong: And you can see how quickly that degrades as the Cross section area would increase, so instead of being perfect, you have a 1% error.
kennethlong: On the constricted new eaten, you know you can see that you moved to this blue line if it's as low as two or 5% you can see how rapidly that sensitivity be great.
kennethlong: for doing a version of the same plot is shown at the bottom, so this is a sensitive to CP violation different values of the of the.
kennethlong: Of the range of CP values which are being discovered at.
kennethlong: Different.
kennethlong: Levels confidence levels, but just draw your attention to the line here at three Sigma if you would be able to change the precision by.
kennethlong: 2% or down to 2% then you're changing the ronnie time you need to make that discovery by the difference between this band, and that pattern is actually an enormous change in the rate which you could make that discovery.
kennethlong: More pernicious perhaps is the biases in the in the parameters, if you don't know them gene across they could use if you're going to estimate the neutrino.
kennethlong: oscillation parameters incorrectly so here in a space of see two to three versus large mixing sorry the large mass squared splitting you can see that if you miss classify events, because you.
kennethlong: don't know the rates in the Monte Carlo well enough, you can see how your central value wanders off from the true values are the true values are a Doc and what do we get different.
kennethlong: Areas show, do you can't tell because you don't have you can't make that reconstruction, you have the same bias is coming from miss calibration.
kennethlong: And from missing nutrients, so the whole area of understanding between a scattering is very important to the long and short baseline between oscillation programs.
kennethlong: So taking that as a as a way in which we derive a specification for new stone, we made a study of the what is known about in the chain of cross sections as a function of energy so here, this is from the seller for maggio paper.
kennethlong: And so you can see, the quality of the measurements so for new.
kennethlong: For new gino gino gino scattering you can also see this writing component, so this is deep as a scattering region which is dominating here about 10 gv.
kennethlong: is a place where resonances a comment contributing strongly and that's the place here, and in this case I elastic which tends dominated the bottom and the goal will be to have a study which is able to constrain all of this and to constrain them ones across that whole screen.
kennethlong: The region of overlap is between Point five and eight gv and, ideally, you would.
kennethlong: study with precision across that whole range.
kennethlong: However, in a practical way, if you look at June and hypertensive spectra that those experiments are expecting.
kennethlong: For June the event spectrum is shown here at the fire detectors and you're selecting spectrum to see the peak is of order two and a half, God and it has a long tail to high values viper K peak much lower so she's Point six GB is he still has a tail that that's that's narrower.
kennethlong: And this tends to June spectrum tends to have the high end town.
kennethlong: So in studying in this what we are utilized that we're going to make a detector which is capable of looking at 50 final states is going to be able to reconstruct to.
kennethlong: Have the kinematic of the event kinematic variable so, for example, T squared and w and therefore we can back off from the range of point five to eight GB.
kennethlong: limit the store do an energy range to six GB.
kennethlong: On the basis that if we can study that precisely then we'll be able to strain the models and allow the predictions to be made with.
kennethlong: certainty so.
kennethlong: What we adopted as a specification for new storm is that we will be able to store me on beams with energies between one and six GB.
kennethlong: As I mentioned, we did a study based at CERN and the outcome of that is flushed here so we're extracting the existing fast extraction point Ls is for in the SPS so we fast extract protons from the SPS gv.
kennethlong: Up to the point, which is shown here, so this is the West area so just outside the West area fence its own this point here, these are existing towns have to break out of the existing tunnel into into a new transfer line to take the protein been to a target here.
kennethlong: So this is outside the sound fence, but the land understands owned by selling their space to put them you on storage room for new storm at this place here, so you can see the racetrack storage ring we've.
kennethlong: aligned the production straits actually it goes through an ad tech the whole this location here.
kennethlong: And there's a place which CERN owns point to have the llc, which is about three and a bit kilometers away what he could do a star in China such experiment if that was needed a note we've.
kennethlong: specified the detective callin to be transverse as a bee so you can use the off axis trick, both for the pile flashing for the new indicators that turned out to be valuable so that we can bridge what instrument as a function of angle there's no indicator.
kennethlong: Okay.
kennethlong: So these are the parameters I don't really want to dwell on that parameter table so we're extracting fast we're doing our situation with espn gv.
kennethlong: These are typical SPS parameters and the the moment without doing anything else the extracted bunch length is sort of the extraction time is 10.5 microseconds I think we'd like to.
kennethlong: Make that smaller by injecting bunches perhaps only to the first part of that i'm spacing is five nanoseconds in the bunch of links this team and so that's what I would expect to have on the target.
kennethlong: I just wanted to flash the the accelerator components, I think this one is showing the civil engineering to where the transfer line is where existing.
kennethlong: tunnels are for the SPS and for the elysee and, as you can see, the civil engineering guys have found a way of avoiding one of those things.
kennethlong: The.
kennethlong: Storage ring design new stories stories during the design, has been made by Jaroslav jb lagrangian and.
kennethlong: Roberto be and others in Manchester so it's really a hybrid system where there's a there's a quadruple channel which is doing the production straight.
kennethlong: And the arcs are composed of FIFA star magnets which is there in order to have a large dynamic aperture and to have and to allow the suppression of chromatic aberration, so this ring an acceptance of water 15%, which is actually very good.
kennethlong: So this is detailed civil engineering it to show how far the.
kennethlong: Beatles have been imagined distance from existing.
kennethlong: tunnels which is efficient for the for the tunneling.
kennethlong: view of the time i'm just going to i'm going to pass over this happy to ask answer questions, but the details of how the being will be transported to existing tunnels and where the new tunnels, have to be.
kennethlong: Created has been taught about there is a need to revise the kicker system but, but that is used to be well within.
kennethlong: The possibilities of existing technology.
kennethlong: Targeting captures is a critical area so.
kennethlong: Our baseline is that we're going to have a loaded target inside the magnetic one so it's brad carbon in Horn, such as.
kennethlong: potential and colleagues provided for.
kennethlong: Jay park.
kennethlong: For the teacher experiment.
kennethlong: The key thing that we had to convince the people in the radiation protection that turn off was that we knew how to protect the environment from the radiation from the target.
kennethlong: And that we knew how to do the handing this was really based on extensive study that was done for sent a while ago, and I think has to be an active area that we proceed in the future.
kennethlong: What we want to do is of course study the, in particular the electronic you know cross sections.
kennethlong: so out of the proposal that was made to formula I just pulled the Cross section measurement phase at the moment, this is the state of the art in our estimations so at that time the compilation of data in.
kennethlong: New new bar TC qe the new music security so good, so this is crazy talk current quasar elastic scattering didn't see the existing measurements, you can see, the size of that error bars.
kennethlong: At that time, the equivalent plots were electron neutrinos did not have measurements in the air in the range of interest.
kennethlong: Now there are one or two measurements but it's really not a very well explored area and the key thing would be to fill in particular this side of the table with and precise measurements.
kennethlong: And some of you will know, over time, can be an experiment that goes by the name of you knew, but where they wish to make such precise cross sector measurements.
kennethlong: By removing systematic errors coming from the uncertainty on energy, you know, energy, because they take a three body decay of the K on and measure to have the decay products in order to particularly chino energy.
kennethlong: Okay, so one political slide.
kennethlong: Out of the European strategy update you remember the recommendation to study brighten your beams as part of the way in which one ensures that field has a route to the energy frontier.
kennethlong: And in the same document.
kennethlong: There was recognition of the fact that, in order to get the most physics from doing a hypercar candy you really need to make and.
kennethlong: measurements and each year across as very precisely, and it was recommended that Europe consider how it might engage in making such a program, so I think out of that there was an initiative for any better new stone to begin to work together.
kennethlong: It was a slight prepared by Andre along in presented at the neutrino conference last year, where we think about how to make a new bed and new storm.
kennethlong: operate together at CERN in such a way that this could be the basis of the European cross actually measurement programming so towards along based on your selection.
kennethlong: Okay, so what's.
kennethlong: Common here is the physics, but also the advanced detected that we were both need the end ranges are very similar from the neutrino so there's real synergy there.
kennethlong: What we really have to do is articulate the need for this program and understand how one can, if one can share the target area so that's an active area at the moment, recently, Francesco Terra Nova made a presentation to.
kennethlong: The physical colliders study to suggest that in your vet be welcomed into the PVC framework and that we consider how to take this forward in your bed at CERN and see how the synergies would go with the.
kennethlong: With new school, so what you're seeing on the left hand side is the precision with which the in your bed is able to constrain the neutrino.
kennethlong: Energy so here's the relative be managing spread as a function of the radius at some notional detector and you can see how the precision is decreasing to.
kennethlong: Increasing us whether I should say to a relatively small kind of 5% spread on the neutrino energy.
kennethlong: The new bet case and the flux is which and a Holland estimated.
kennethlong: Francesco is talk, which would come from new storm is shown at the top, right here, so this is for stored me on beams from six to one GB so in integer steps or 654321.
kennethlong: And you can see, the new spectrum and a new new spectrum and really were able, I think if we can implement this were able to cover this area here.
kennethlong: and serve these experiments with precise cross section measurement The key thing that we do not know, and I flash the contributions that we made to a recent meeting.
kennethlong: About we don't know how to do the detector for this probably the most advanced set of new gina scattering you take the concept comes from the junior data complex, but I think we really have to be able to measure the exclusive final states and reconstruct overview and.
kennethlong: Q squared precisely and that's that's now an area of study that we want to do bar.
kennethlong: Okay, so.
kennethlong: We just began developing new storm retracing the collaboration and beginning to be active, increasing the cheer fluxes I just draw your attention to.
kennethlong: This wiki where we're updating our activities hosted it Ralph.
kennethlong: And if you go and have a look at that I think the key thing that we're trying to do now is to develop a simulation software, so that we're able to simulate.
kennethlong: The neurons in the story dream and the pile flash were able to simulate new ones for a potential.
kennethlong: We all collider study.
kennethlong: And OK, so the software free mcafee for wanting to help us, in particular in the unknown topic of how to do the detector that would be really welcome.
kennethlong: Okay.
kennethlong: So I think they were probably way too many topics.
kennethlong: Perhaps a little bit too quickly, and I can't see anybody's face but anyway, I just come to the conclusions.
kennethlong: So new storm on the roots and me on collider, I think, to make me on collider there's some key accelerator.
kennethlong: systems or technology issues that have to be addressed there's the high power past proton beams which, of course, our synergy with lots of other.
kennethlong: science and innovation needs.
kennethlong: As a part of production target and capture, this is really specific to the kind of me on being that would be used in the middle collider.
kennethlong: New storm, or perhaps also a neutrino factory So here we need to study the target how you capture the parts from the target how you would implement highfield solenoid so that you can capture both sides of the ones.
kennethlong: For them, your collider.
kennethlong: really is important to get the six dimensional cooling and to do that on requires highfield solenoids a compact lattice.
kennethlong: In order, focusing is always very strong and high gradient rf you need to have the hydrating rf because you want to do the cooling channel.
kennethlong: You want to make the Queen channel short and quality is dependent on the amount of energy losing the absorbent so 60 cooling channels is a critical thing.
kennethlong: rapid acceleration will probably rcs or ffa um I suppose i'm showing a prejudice here.
kennethlong: So that's another key challenge, and then to combine the collider read where you really have to get the luminosity by combining function magnets you know issues to do with being production because of how he stored in the beam.
kennethlong: And you have to have strong focusing at the IP getting the luminosity and you have to make sure the bunches don't grow, so all of that.
kennethlong: A difficult if you look at in a psychiatrist things that could be contributed at a facility, such as new storm targeting capture, so it depends, how we do it, but in principle, it could could contribute to the development of the talking and capture for that.
kennethlong: For the New York collider.
kennethlong: We are working actively to try and work out how Newstalk conserve a 60 day cooling demonstration that's critical in order to be able to propose a meal collider with the luminosity are required.
kennethlong: The arcs in new stone are composed of the kind of magnitude need for the F of X generation so again, this is a place where one would be able to demonstrate things in new stone.
kennethlong: And then there are things like the production or the combined function magnets that are also present a new store where I think the program that we would have we contribute to the.
kennethlong: Development of Kleiner and all of that can be done in the context of a surgery that really delivers physics so particle physics neutrino physics in service of.
kennethlong: A really fun and.
kennethlong: Science program, so I hope i've given you a.
kennethlong: reason to believe is a new store movie unique facility, it has the potential to make percent level electron and you're getting a cross section measurements, it can wait make exquisitely sensitive searches sterling Trios which is.
kennethlong: Perhaps takers searches for professors beyond the standard model, and it can serve a 60 corny experiment.
kennethlong: And as you're an accelerator testbed.
kennethlong: We have established the feasibility of executing the storm at CERN through the collider study group and now ready to take it to the next level.
kennethlong: And I think new storm is really a step, or perhaps the step towards them your collider you can do these proof of principle things you particularly ionization cooling and.
kennethlong: If I just express my personal conviction not writing it on the slide I really think there has to be an activity with such of your being that delivers particle physics and in order to convince our peers your collider is really feasible, thank you very much.
Ivana Hristova: Thank you very much, can for this very great overview of the latest development.
Ivana Hristova: of new storm in the context of the moon could either.
Ivana Hristova: let's stop the recording.