Maxim Titov: Okay, thank you very much. It can you hear me well enough.
Ivana Hristova: Yes.
Maxim Titov: Okay, very good. Yes.
Maxim Titov: Okay, so would Good, good morning, good afternoon everyone and it's a pleasure to give a seminar at Raul today and thank you very much for the kind invitation.
Maxim Titov: And it's very unfortunate that I could not be common in person, but I hope that it's sometime in the future, the situation will become better and we will begin able to travel and to meet each other in person.
Maxim Titov: So today's topic of my talk, probably sounds a little bit ambitious, but I would try to give you a landscape of the recent
Maxim Titov: Developments in the particle physics detector. Without going into too much details because it would be impossible to give your answer seminar.
Maxim Titov: So basically, I will try to give a snapshot rasa of the recent developments and some trends which is ongoing in the Vortex and tracking detectors in silicon state and gaseous
Maxim Titov: In Pico second time in detectors in particular identification and forth on the testers in color imagery in the dark and compute
Maxim Titov: So basically when whenever each of us goes to conference, there is a wealth of detector in the activities that are too many
Maxim Titov: Too many experiments and different during the technique to cover even partially
Maxim Titov: So what I would try to concentrate in the stock is just to list the key technology challenges in the context of the Energy Frontier colliders
Maxim Titov: In particular, using synergy in detector envy between had one electron colliders
Maxim Titov: And they will not talk too much explicitly about detector fuzz intensity and cosmic instrumentation frontiers, some of the applications which is development Energy Frontier
Maxim Titov: Is applicable to certain before intensity and cosmic but it would be impossible to follow to covers detector indeed false different tiers.
Maxim Titov: So again, this talk is pretty much based on my summary talk and proceedings which I gave this year in February.
Maxim Titov: Instrumentation conference, of course, expanded it to make delicious more comprehensive
Maxim Titov: And also it is based on the Linear Collider collaboration detected in delays and report, which is updated regularly and basically Lisa current landscape of the detector during the technologies which can be implemented in the future project.
Maxim Titov: We just completed European strategy of date which helps to define the strategic view and shapes the particle physics for the next decade.
Maxim Titov: And which provides a global vision from our domain going to be on the local boundaries and he is this slide. You're perfectly normal about the future large facilities which were discussed in the context
Maxim Titov: Of the European strategy of date and the time scale, which is preliminary in driven by mostly technological cocoa.
Maxim Titov: Technological considerations, but of course the key elements of the next frontier was discussed should be the plus and minus collider to scrutinize Higgs Boson characteristics.
Maxim Titov: And LLC. As of today, remains the most advanced of all E plus or minus project, which relates to technology maturity cost and preparation international negotiations.
Maxim Titov: However, all future Hicks factories case ambitious score high course longer in good times. And also, since it's a global
Maxim Titov: Projects and political considerations which have to be addressed by scientists
Maxim Titov: And also European strategy update call for the accelerate and detect or India technology roadmap and I would just would like to publicly mentioned about them.
Maxim Titov: Actually say accelerator in the roadmap. You can see here a link to the recent presentation of linear Defcon
Maxim Titov: Is being shaped up after the European strategy update and I don't want to go too much in details. Since the stock is not accelerator related, but of course the power consumption is a very important consideration when choosing between the
Maxim Titov: Future Hicks factories, because it will define the running costs of the experiment.
Maxim Titov: And actually the luminosity times center of mass energy drives the power and megawatts, which is the geese for the leptons and on supports.
Maxim Titov: On this slide, you can see the total power as a function of center Muslim energy and also power normalized to see luminosity, and from the bottom.
Maxim Titov: Left right below it. You can see as a linear colliders provide the power efficient luminosity 250 GV again. The caveat. This numbers has been taken from ZTE arrows LLC and from the CD ours are well as a experiments. So, for sure.
Maxim Titov: This number will be updated and
Maxim Titov: Also for since the European strategy discussion on the future instrumentation, which took place in Grenada. It was actually vitally discuss and somehow accepted bicycle.
Maxim Titov: Visits airing the focus should not be all the ones the current detectors in the future detectors, but some part of the journey generic in do blue sky in D.
Maxim Titov: So it is important to keep it an appropriate level generic and blue sky in the
Maxim Titov: End again and again very pizza is information that recognition of excellence instrumentation is not well recognized as in our community and career opportunity for detector physicists
Maxim Titov: In universities must be stringent in order to foster participation and young people are in this branch and not only doing physics analysis.
Maxim Titov: Console and said detector in the roadmap. It is currently developing as you can see on the bottom right plot.
Maxim Titov: Basically is the structures of working group defined convenience define and the basic goal of this roadmap is to guides the detector in the process in Europe.
Maxim Titov: And to define it based on the inputs and considerations which already were given your in the European strategy update
Maxim Titov: The chair of this roadmap is fuel airport and basically it provides an ambitious timeline to present your opinion detectors already in July 2021
Maxim Titov: In parallel in us in September this year there was a call, as there was a report published, which is called basic research needs report which pretty much addresses as them.
Maxim Titov: strategical view concerns that detect during the general detector and you're not project oriented detector Indians, the US.
Maxim Titov: And now, as you know the answer part of the snowmass process which similar to the European strategy process will defines the vision of the particle physics in the US and global Kwanzaa
Maxim Titov: So basically statuses on who I am, was in the snow must process, both for energy and instrumentation for in here.
Maxim Titov: But the basic research need to report can serve as a very nice input to start the discussion because it's already addresses some of the energy from key instrumentation drivers.
Maxim Titov: Which is, in particular for the beer and report heat center but it's considered said was in the storm as process. One who could compile the extended list of these drivers and based on the technology requirements.
Maxim Titov: In particular detector requirement zones, for example, which is a consumer who which is related to the lovely particle searches or boosted substructure.
Maxim Titov: Again, it is very important that all during the collaboration has some links to some technological aspects. He was a partnership with known have industry.
Maxim Titov: And for the European Commission for us funded programs such as you that I either track may a very important role in enabling and support in genetic or indeed.
Maxim Titov: As I'm sure you've heard in 2018. So it was an etheric call which basically was for funds to multi disciplinary detectors and imaginary indie
Maxim Titov: It has been completed recently is a phase one of October 31 at all of the hundred 70 projects which were granted has been reported the results and the presentation say available online.
Maxim Titov: And the face towards this project approved and should keep or from January 2020 but
Maxim Titov: In parallel to this, we have a good news from Zen you I don't know of a project which basically has been invited to the grand preparation stage.
Maxim Titov: This follows a successful continuation of the project started from, you idiot I either either 2020 which actually where we each of them was was more increased level of integration was in the community.
Maxim Titov: And the new project is school for the infrastructure in order to develop and implement a common strategy roadmap in partnership with industry and also support incremental
Maxim Titov: Innovation and cooperation with the industry. It is complimentary to attract. There is no double counting
Maxim Titov: There is no transnational access proposed and the funding is order of 10 millions from European Commission, which actually has to be complemented is usually by 60% from the labs.
Maxim Titov: And it started some specific application. One of them is a Higgs factory detector in you which is considered currently is the highest priority of European strategy, but also
Maxim Titov: It is related to some project like Atlas CMS Elisa which, to be honest.
Maxim Titov: So all in all, one can say is it cutting edge science related some cutting edge instrumentation and actually technologies which has developed on the genetic or indie
Maxim Titov: Its Energy Frontier often provide the booster novel designs, it's up to the needs of the energy and intensity cosmic from here. Well, in
Maxim Titov: Europe, we have a plethora of different r&d collaborations. I will not go too much in details and this approach has started from them.
Maxim Titov: Like see experiment program is a so called some Dr. The secret meet us. There was a mania in the collaboration in order to streamline efforts and resources and somehow help to select the new techniques develop new techniques.
Maxim Titov: According to the ongoing detector engineering challenges of Zig which see experiments. Currently we have for collaborations seven get collaborations, which is up and running and very activity related to diamond detector.
Maxim Titov: To silicon radiation hard devices to
Maxim Titov: repurpose them as the desktops for pixelated our chief. What are some CMS.
Maxim Titov: But this is not all the problems which we currently cancer is also detect during the program which is originally were focused on iOS to click Linear Collider concept.
Maxim Titov: And some of them, for example, khalis highly granularity electromagnetically remoter which started since 2001 for sale. See, it's unable to some extent the cow for the CMS upgrades.
Maxim Titov: And also the success story of the maps detector develop since 98 for sale. See, there is a now installed in reach Elisa etc CPM and as a project.
Maxim Titov: Again, this projects like are the collaboration is not only the opportunity for groups to get together and advancing D. This is a network.
Maxim Titov: And the possibility to share to develop to disseminate and use the common tools of facilities.
Maxim Titov: And in particular, I don't want to go to details, but one of the examples of articles about 51 collaboration concentrating on leak or pattern glass detectors is basically consists of more than
Maxim Titov: More than 90 Institute's and it basically provide some sort of the combination of genetic and for focusing Eva's bottom up decision processes full sharing of know how
Maxim Titov: In using the common infrastructure and this can be exported to other domains.
Maxim Titov: In addition, as I mentioned, there is a whiles LLC project is not yet approved series of plethora of the detector and he teaches was in selenium collider detector concepts.
Maxim Titov: And for the Linear Collider. The detective since the project is not approved yet no specific choices summit. So basically, one can keep different option for technology.
Maxim Titov: To realize individual some detectives and the advantage of this approach this technology can be fuzzy advanced until project and improve
Maxim Titov: And what is more important. This keeps a broad community over into groups involved and increases chances to arrive at the best possible technical solution when it becomes necessary.
Maxim Titov: The current understanding of LLC project timeline consists of three major stages.
Maxim Titov: One of them currently is international developing team, which is trying to set up the governance structure and technological consideration for the blob and this should end it 2022
Maxim Titov: Is a successful zip relapse starts in 2022 to 2025 whereas the government negotiations will take place in the negotiation six successful zale Sila water it will start in 2025
Maxim Titov: And the construction time would be the name. Yes, of course. The detect or technology choices is also adapt to this timeline, but this is everything under consideration and being developed.
Maxim Titov: So zero which season is over and LH sky luminosity leech Sierra is in front of us being shut down, which is due to covert situation might be partially delay.
Maxim Titov: But if you discuss about the major consideration for the detector upgrades for the future detector.
Maxim Titov: Of course, it requires the radiation hardness. It's a level so have up to 10 to 15,010 to 16 years on per centimeter square, which requires the replacement of the
Maxim Titov: Vertex and tracker detective system and and capillary meters. There is a new paradigm, which will be used in high luminosity, which is such as a hardware three urinal one directory good concept and CMS and similar once up an atlas.
Maxim Titov: And the reason you in the marriage and quickly or the opposite Pico second time in detector which can be useful by law projection for the tracking particular identification and many other things. So come into the
Maxim Titov: Tracking detectors. Of course, there is a three major technology of tracking detector silicone Gospels and fiber trackers
Maxim Titov: I will not talk on this talk about the fiber trackers, which were useful you to upgrade Horace currently is proposed was a witch CP upgrades.
Maxim Titov: In particular, fiber thread counts insulating fiber series out buys a CPM because this technology is basically quite expensive. And also, it brings em.
Maxim Titov: Difficulties that it cannot rely. It's a very labor consuming and it's very much more difficult to optimize in terms of the production costs compared to the silicone and gases detector of technology and
Maxim Titov: So for the vertex and tracking systems. The state of Tsar detectors are being optimized for two different application electron and Hadron Collider, which basically have a complete different optimization requirements in case of P. P. As you can see from the
Maxim Titov: Top left slide is a PP colliders addresses the radiation harnesses speed was a plus or minus Colada colliders granularity and material of the most important
Maxim Titov: And of course of course design consideration include many problems such as granularity versus power which is relevant for boss and
Maxim Titov: Detect to accelerate the types radiation hardness and data reduction and feature extraction is very important for hadron collider the Hadron collider is pretty much rely on the hundred pixels that is in us.
Maxim Titov: When when emerging development of using
Maxim Titov: High Voltage is estimated CMOS for the outer pixel S and L guards for the people. Second time and left on collider technology.
Maxim Titov: Being developed since sometime on the related to CMOS Deptford Corona peaks. So I find pixel
Maxim Titov: Fine Pixie CD. CD interconnect technologies and this has been developed over a distance ages. But of course, in order to be implemented in engineer in the real detector engineering challenges has to be still address
Maxim Titov: Was a silicone material which city and state of Zar detectors. One of the considerations, the pixel systems as a future he will enlarge dramatically.
Maxim Titov: It will be more by a by a factor of 15 and Atlas Elise makes a tracking system consistent of similar sensors with more than 12 billion pixels.
Maxim Titov: And the sell side center which CB. But this is mostly going by a factor of thousand this mostly go and from streets to pizza.
Maxim Titov: The silicon Sam source will be the baseline choice in silicon strip detectors unbelievable replace and then he versus PNM which was used before.
Maxim Titov: For today, we do radiation hunter harness considerations and again series D stands for developments, which is the most radiation car technology today is
Maxim Titov: Focused on the Atlas API layer plus several joined arounds with CMS on me, which CB and this is master by two companies. Again, there is a lot of the corn developments for the ATLAS and CMS pixel upgrades, such as a common pixel child development based on 65 millimeters technology.
Maxim Titov: City Sam source for the most less CO2 cooling serial power in LGBT and many other things.
Maxim Titov: So basically, your answer next shut down and 26th 27th ATLAS and CMS will upgrades, they're tracking detectors and the reason when studies.
Maxim Titov: In order to improve the radiation hardness of this detectors is a major consideration which is will take place at this shutdown is a full of great have zero HTTP hybrid picks the silicon detectors.
Maxim Titov: Which basically will consume will move from this trip to excel and will use a completely triggers by binary doubted for tomorrow.
Maxim Titov: And as a challenge, which has been implemented as a use micro cooling channel agent. The sense of self study
Maxim Titov: But of course when we discussed about Sam source and silicon detector is this is much more than sensors. This is mechanics and cool empowering scheme optical links integration.
Maxim Titov: Is etc disempowering is widely accepted and in high energy physics. This days.
Maxim Titov: In keeping irrigation budget under, under the control is very much relevant most for the proton colliders and say look from poser tranquilizers.
Maxim Titov: And this has led in is leading to the development over the one serial powering scheme with realized structural materials and keep management, but you can use you to pull in
Maxim Titov: There is an emerging trend of the monolithic pixel sense for detectors which basically originally they initiated for sale. See, and 98 cents or a integrated
Maxim Titov: Into the mimosa, you did European Commission program telescope, whereas they provide his track resolution of city microns and use it, use it and I use now as a telescope opposite as beam.
Maxim Titov: They also installed in the star have a flavor of tracker. And this is a first large scale application of the CMOS
Maxim Titov: And currently, the recent go and work on the seamless for the Alice Ikea, Ikea store upgrade for the next run and the sense of this produced in the towel just 109 910 nanometers technology.
Maxim Titov: And for the future for the run, for there is a considerations of the users fully cylindrical way for size layers, based on the court interesting sensors which can be seen down to 50 microns. And basically, this can be a prototype of the
Maxim Titov: Opposite nearly fully mass, mass less tracker and beyond. Elise RAM, for there is a possibility and Indian War enthusiasts explodes. This teaching of the way first which is possible for seamless technology.
Maxim Titov: Against the vertex technology of suppose LC as I already mentioned has been developed already for several decades.
Maxim Titov: And one was a difference for the development of vertex technologist for sale sees related to the so called
Maxim Titov: Load up cycle or sale see accelerator, which allows for the triggers a readout and power policy, there is a differentiated out strategy, which can be employed, which is continuous, you're in the train was powers power cycling which whereas the mechanical stress from Lawrence field.
Maxim Titov: Forces in the field has to be
Maxim Titov: Addressed or delayed after the train which which basically realized in this case in like fine teach CCD on the very small pixels and in pixel timestamp and of course
Maxim Titov: It's not only simulation of the sensor. So already mentioned integration of engineering, which has to be addressed because the sense of contribution to the total material budget is also order only 20%
Maxim Titov: City is a recent trend also going into development towards radiation hard maps and advances in the commercial seamless process allows to progress from the star to Elise and to Atlas.
Maxim Titov: In particular, say alpine sense or which was developed for the CMOS Alice upgrade has been modified in order to be produced in the more negation heart.
Maxim Titov: Process using our Joe you empower jazz and basically once a left on the left, bottom floor. You can see efficiency of the recent multi sensor which was developed from the Li
Maxim Titov: After them irradiation to attempt to this 15 minute chronic liver and and the sensor was produced on a hiatus STV to corral skin substrate and as you can see the efficiency is basically almost full efficiency is for the sensors.
Maxim Titov: There is a lot of work, which is also growing related to the radiation hard sensors in the console or complex. Those are the cuticle operation in particular, development of radiation car high voltage CMOS 3D sensors.
Maxim Titov: But of course the remarkable development is related to the development of radiation hard time in detectors which started approximately 2010 in now been installed as a time in layers in the ATLAS and CMS detectors.
Maxim Titov: There is still one of the bigger rebels remains remains understanding of the radiation damage marker microscopic mechanism that lead to the creation of again layer in Vail got sensors.
Maxim Titov: And also was in 3353 collaborations. There is a development of the Komen a second. The 65 millimeters technology for ATLAS and CMS. You can see the timelines of this development.
Maxim Titov: And basically collaboration has been established in 2016 and was extended in a team in order to design pre production and production version of readout cheats and the first
Maxim Titov: Version of the Atlas HTTPS version one cheap basically working expected was very large digital parent, which was found you to some back and as new page will be developed, but all in all.
Maxim Titov: I mean so head community now even looking into 28 nanometers for future detected indicated hundred 6600 searches 65 nanometers process for monolithic sensors.
Maxim Titov: One from silicon detector to the gas detectors. I think the gas detectors which basically has been invented by George sharp Park and they still remains a primary choice.
Maxim Titov: Or whenever select area coverage for slow material budget in do with dx measurement is needed.
Maxim Titov: And industrial advances in fortunately tog refers ravens invention of new microstructure guys devices images CGM micromanages
Maxim Titov: Which is finally use and now replace and why chamber and also serving as a readout in time projection chamber.
Maxim Titov: They are used in all of the high luminosity which see upgrades and considered in the future. Other leopard colliders and electron, I am colliders
Maxim Titov: Seals, there is a development and attempt to push to push the drift chair, but due to the ultimate limit and there is a discussions which is I'm going to use them.
Maxim Titov: With an ally drift champ idea concept which is targets FCC and CPC application and which is expired. Inspired by some very challenging designed by the traffic lower chamber and the recent version of the Mac to experiment.
Maxim Titov: The TPC is known in the high energy physics since 94 bucks in new generation of TPC
Maxim Titov: Is using mpg based without which replace in mind via proportional chamber. This is true for this upgrade and it's also integrated out is considered for LCC PC and as a project.
Maxim Titov: So, as I already mentioned mpg technology is currently is basically accepted in all of the AFC because sex parent upgrades. But despite of surprising performance integration of the MTG D and much experiments wasn't a
Maxim Titov: Threat despite of the first large scale use of this sensors in Columbus SPS
Maxim Titov: And of course the scaling up and BG technologist by preserving the typical properties of small prototypes allows the user knowledge see upgrades in many successful accomplishment were started started from the basically in the
Maxim Titov: Status was entered sonar to the 51 collaboration and of course successful accomplishment of this upgrades will help to disseminate In B2B technology to achieve even wider. You can see support some support on which is related to this upgrade.
Maxim Titov: I'm not going to say too much in details, but just to mention that resistant micromanager detectors is currently developers. The Atlas new small deal upgrade.
Maxim Titov: This still remains on the quite challenging track to install balls detectors during the shutdown.
Maxim Titov: And the things we score it doesn't fail. One of the key development which allows the production of lunch or Brazil area is micromanages was the development of the so called resistive micromanager technology.
Maxim Titov: In order to neutralize and suppress spark, but still due to that area, largely, there was some high voltage instabilities you some counted and basically they
Maxim Titov: Were sold and mass production is awarded the gems is an awesome
Maxim Titov: Story of the success of mpg is a proposed for the CMS immune system upgrade and actually hundred 44 chambers has been installed in September.
Maxim Titov: 2020 and is currently is currently being tested and prepare those around.
Maxim Titov: As I mentioned already CPC was mpg readout were proposed for the lease upgrades to replace multiply proportional chamber in order
Maxim Titov: To cope with necessity for continuous TPC readout that 50 kilo efforts over there. I am collisions.
Maxim Titov: And the requirements here is not only special resolution, but I am back floor, which is important and related to the energy resolution advantage or disadvantage of gases detectors.
Maxim Titov: Zane PGD is also considered for sale CPC and basic technology both Jim micromanages and greet pics technology which combines as a
Maxim Titov: micromanager greed over the top of the CMOS time big city, a six. It's another level of integration of gases and silicone detectors. So basically, all of these technologies allow us to reach the target.
Maxim Titov: Performance of special resolution hundred microns in God acts resolution or less than 5%
Maxim Titov: But in order to achieve this one would probably need to use LC gauging scheme based on one of the consideration which is current logo and is to use it based on the logical Torah gems.
Maxim Titov: And here you can see on the bottom right port in particular, in this case, you don't need to power paths as a gems to the full voltage like few hundred volts.
Maxim Titov: The electron efficiency and Gayton skin can be arranged by using one of the gems in the stack. Also, with a few walls like five to 10 volts, which wouldn't need to change a very big capacitance and your hands up our policy.
Maxim Titov: So basically, there is a steel discussion within the
Maxim Titov: Linear Vicenza electron positron collider from Unity about the different options all silicone vessels the silicon of Gaza Strip and
Maxim Titov: In some open technology equation. In addition to physics equation remain address. I don't want to go to the else I just listed. My personal list of the sinks, which has to be addressed both
Maxim Titov: Pro and quanta full silicon dragon for silicon TPC to Silicon Valley in brief chamber and of course there is a lot of discussions which is on going.
Maxim Titov: In this direction as of now so force mpg key concepts for the energy intensity frontier. I mean,
Maxim Titov: Not only used in coinage physics experiment I refer you to the conference summer in 2017 where it was summarized for the US in different areas much beyond the high energy physics.
Maxim Titov: And if we discuss about the future transference mpg technologies zero life pretty much on if you important aspects. One of them is development of new resistive materials and detector related architectures for single stage.
Maxim Titov: Devices, which can provide the advantage for if we're simply mass production and course.
Maxim Titov: diamond like carbon, the resistive last. This is a solution to covers a single stage devices include hybrid capability.
Maxim Titov: A possibility of optical without mpg where you combine gaseous was non gaseous detector is being proposed for signals to PC project.
Maxim Titov: And that is also very interesting development, which is still probably far from the military application such as it becomes second time in detector which is based on micro mega device with a radiator and, of course, is a key.
Maxim Titov: The key element which has to be sold here is to find the
Maxim Titov: Irrigation hard photo Castle, which can be coupled with micro, macro for their environment and of course there is meaning as a manufacturing technique and structures which is being investigated, such as the photographs of materials.
Maxim Titov: Different material studies and also
Maxim Titov: Emerging Technology related to to 3D printing and refined starches men spot that in me as a developer
Maxim Titov: That field of Pico second time in detectors has received a very big boom your answer last
Maxim Titov: Let's say like this for 10 years and several types of technologies are considered for that because second time in frontier. Some of them related ones ionization detectors.
Maxim Titov: Which is a silicone Oh guys based, as I mentioned adjustments. The previous slide, and also on the line based detect light based detectors which is based on scintillating Crisco couple CPM cheering co absorbers which is coupled to photo.
Maxim Titov: Detectors
Maxim Titov: All Vacuum devices. And of course, I mean, the goal is to reach a time and performance. A few times.
Maxim Titov: People seconds for meetups and candidate because seconds for simple for them I not going to go through all of this.
Maxim Titov: This slide. It's a little bit, maybe it may be too busy, but of course the time in detectors is currently proposed for the for the pattern recognition for the average see
Maxim Titov: Luminosity which seems to reduce the pile up, such as the Atlas, higher, higher granularity timing layer and
Maxim Titov: CMS at Camp timing layer and also based on crystals. This tool based on oh god sensors and also with Chris Lisa crystals visit CPM for the bottle and CMS.
Maxim Titov: There is also the attempt to do typical second time in reconstruction in color imagery in particularly in the CMS. He calls it has been started.
Maxim Titov: In, of course, time of flight and time of propagation
Ivana Hristova: Technique.
Maxim Titov: Is basically used by lowering your sin. Some time into your application and this is
Maxim Titov: very relevant for the
Maxim Titov: Hadron and leptin colliders
Maxim Titov: Of course, the crucial challenges is related to the radiation hardness aspects.
Maxim Titov: Such as the radiation hardness of all got sensors which has to be improved, there is a new ideas which is coming that such as a silicone 3D trench sense of who's
Maxim Titov: In also one should also keep in mind the system aspects of the time in detectors which becomes important.
Maxim Titov: Why don't say emergent and very interesting possibility of the large area time in detectors is the development of the concept LAPD is a large area because second
Maxim Titov: The timing of light detectors for the future harder on a laptop colliders
Maxim Titov: So as I mentioned already that both Atlas correct hydro maritime in layers and CMS and kept timing less based on the URL got sensors is currently being developed and they will be installed in order to provide by lot rejections and proper vertex
Ivana Hristova: Identification it's a
Maxim Titov: high luminosity leech. See, and basically this developments as well progress as of today, and as I mentioned on the previous slide, is there isn't.
Maxim Titov: A new concept which is basically developed probably wasn't the last thing he has is the development of logic because second photo detectors.
Maxim Titov: Is the key idea of this detector is just to move away from the lip gloss MCP, which is a solid guy last process into a more harder glass was a secondary meeting layer being a heart pure substance.
Maxim Titov: And then follow up with the LD process to simplify them and affection on on CP and through allows the tuna know it's simplification properties independent from the
Maxim Titov: Substrate in order to eliminate the eye on feedback and actually increase a photo castle lifetime.
Maxim Titov: There is several of these developments which is already on going from already since more than five years together with incomplete company.
Maxim Titov: And in the future, Zeke might become affordable for the large scale experiments.
Maxim Titov: Recently is the developments where straightforward to the direction to provide an industry type production, the so called vacuum transfer method where you can capable to produce like hundred modules per week.
Maxim Titov: And the system performance demonstrated. I mean, you can see on the bottom left a lot of this.
Maxim Titov: Slide. But what I would like to emphasize that one of the key elements that the price of this detectives is still quite expensive. And of course it would depend from the experiments which can be couples is technology and by using them.
Maxim Titov: In particular, to advance
Maxim Titov: The technology and all sorts of course consideration which has to be confirmed. We also know about
Maxim Titov: Timing using the Gospels detector in particular multi gap.
Maxim Titov: Chambers has been used to provide a Pico second time in below hundred people seconds. In particular, and this time of flight system has been using this detector for a while.
Maxim Titov: And the reason you studies with the Lord as a CVT glass for multi gap or PC, which is aiming to the time in down to 20 people second
Maxim Titov: Again is already mentioned, there is a new idea margin idea of the development micromanages detectors for time in application where you deposit the children cover idiot or and for two classes.
Maxim Titov: On top of the micromanages and then you basically increased by this as a number of electrons, which is produced by the incoming particles and this has been demonstrated
Maxim Titov: Time in the resolution of 35 seconds. Perfect. But of course, the key elements which is remains, which has to be addressed is a application towards like area for the concert robustness and going to the more larger applications.
Maxim Titov: So for the advanced concept in particular identification detector series of three.
Maxim Titov: Major Lex, such as the over dx time of light Sharon congregation
Maxim Titov: There is admirable workmanship in the radiator sunlight transport, which is based on vacuum photon detector solid state detectors gas based photon detectors and there is a new emergent super, super conduction photon detectors.
Maxim Titov: So basically, and for the state of the art of the photon detectors, you know, different application with different configurations over the reaches reaches with vocalizations.
Maxim Titov: Which is from proximity focus. Dear can its derivatives and time of flight detectors. I wouldn't go too much into details, but also mentioned in the context of eligibility each one upgrade.
Maxim Titov: There is new multi node PMT which is being developed which will be replaced HDD
Maxim Titov: Then a 64 each provides a very new test an application over the GPU based on line selection, because the REACH participates in the lower level three year
Maxim Titov: And for the campus, which is the central area of the high luminosity the multiplier proportional chambas decision my diet for the castle has been replaced for the CGM micrometres detectors and is currently being running
Maxim Titov: There is a menu clever techniques for winter fast time of flight and
Maxim Titov: timing issue encounters.
Maxim Titov: Which basically is pretty much based on the DVD or derived concepts, including the time propagation counters, where you basically instead of to the imaging
Maxim Titov: You measures the van de information plus time of propagation, which is directly related to to flight to pass lens of the light. So basically, there is a replacement as there is a bell to time projection shambled
Maxim Titov: Which is currently
Maxim Titov: Which is the symbol for some time resolution of less than 400 because second answer is the replacement considered for the conventional PMT was IoT PMT
Maxim Titov: In actually is a bell top while is quite successful project currently limits is the maximum rate capability and luminosity in the bell experiment because of some
Maxim Titov: Sort of survival of them well P MTS but this will be replaced in 2022 and NASA detector which basically uses a time of internal reflected chunk of live flight is HTTP torch.
Maxim Titov: Which basically reached as if is a fee for 70 people second per 14 and 15 per second per track.
Maxim Titov: There is also ongoing transcend separate proximity focusing IRA Gail which counters in particulars. This ones are for each bell is currently being installed in writing was took 420 HTTPS.
Maxim Titov: In similar design is being inherited from each bell for the for each detective said Panda Elise and super champ our factories. So this is also an
Maxim Titov: infield over indeed so basically one of the detectors which is not related to the high energy physics, but two more to the nuclear physics, but I could not skip it easy EC detector, whereas the political identification.
Ivana Hristova: becomes very important.
Maxim Titov: In particular, in the case of the AC. You have three types of zero each day or each which is based on the radiators to radiators gas and I are again ambridge which is basically Copa Kyra gallery. And also, dear, which is a high performance.
Maxim Titov: I mean, compact and cost effective way to cover lecture here on the top right, slide you can see the different energy ranges and the particle ID is a key.
Maxim Titov: For the performance of a co detectors and this is why several reaches somebody in consideration phase from different technologies.
Maxim Titov: Of course, if we discuss the general challenges for the photo detectors. There is a big challenge to provide reliable highly pixelated for the detector work in in a strong magnetic field.
Maxim Titov: In a CPM is still suffers from the high Cairo and trade and moderate radiation hardness which is presented in the US in reaches but
Maxim Titov: Where symbol photon detector required at very low noise MCP PMT is very expensive and not tolerant to magnetic field.
Maxim Titov: And as I mentioned, the development of large area people second time in detectors is very promising and actually can be applicable for the AC is the first project, but of course there is more efforts needed related to pixelation and controlling costs.
Maxim Titov: Now, coming back to the advances of color imagery. I mean, basically, as you is there are four main technology liquid arkansas insulate the crystal silicon sensors in to make main concept called genius color imagery and sampling color imagery
Maxim Titov: And in addition to this, it is two main approaches for improving jet energy resolution one of the dual readout is a dream, which is proposed for the FCC and he and CPC.
Maxim Titov: Which basically relies on improvement of energy resolution or CARDONE color emitter
Maxim Titov: By compensation for single hydrants, and another one engine or particle flow color emitters, which were developed was in the callous framework.
Maxim Titov: In which provides a precise reconstruction of which particle goes into jet and reduce as each calorie solution in
Maxim Titov: The battle full color imagery has been started from the development of finally segmented image and coloring meters.
Maxim Titov: Which were originally focused on LLC, but now widen to include developments of all image and color images in here you can see on the bottom left blow up.
Maxim Titov: As their different technologies, which is basically being considered for the IOC and proposed by police collaboration.
Maxim Titov: But this is not only limited to sail. See the particle flow collimator proposed for peak FCC CPC FCC change being constructed from the CMS a cow.
Maxim Titov: The info proposed was at least for Kyle and union detectors was in cyclist collaborations. There is a lot of zero ND, of course, which is
Maxim Titov: Going to relate it to say, I'll see color remittance and it was a really several stages, which is the title sequence unique has passed in order to influence color imagery
Maxim Titov: The first proof of principle were done with the first generation of physics prototypes.
Maxim Titov: And then the second generation test, which is started beyond 2010 it's basically address equations of scalability of the prototypes and including by building technological or technical prototypes, which includes all the audio components.
Maxim Titov: Of the future detectors, such as
Maxim Titov: Power Paulsen compact mechanical design embedded electronics assembly calibration approaches. Also, there is a work of wine in order to rationalization into miniaturization of component
Maxim Titov: Of course, the image in a particle flow color imagery provides a unique way to start this. It's time structure Catherine showers is you can see from the bottom right floor and the new prototypes, which will provide the cell by cell and the second time in which will allow us
Maxim Titov: To develop into Monte Carlo development. Also, since a few years, there is a corpsman Kelly's and CMS N G. Komen has been which is on board.
Maxim Titov: I won't go too much in details, you're well aware, and you have a very strong group also on CMS on the developments of the Atlas CMS he calculated meter for the face to upgrade.
Maxim Titov: Which will consist of 200 600 meters of silicone and 500 Miles meters of the plastics insulators, which will, in total, will be 215 to an end cap which is the full system will be positioned at minus 30
Maxim Titov: Degrees Celsius. I mean, the separation between silicone and plastic has been taken by there of course consideration of the radiation hardness
Maxim Titov: And also, this is a first use of silicone part sensor on the eight inch wafers and differences central geometries and sicknesses. I've been studying
Maxim Titov: And as I mentioned already using you combined AG colony, check out has been results. You can see the floats, which is present it on the top or
Maxim Titov: Bottom right and you can see is that the time resolution you are in this test being below 50 because seconds has been demonstrated, which provides also typical second time in opportunity.
Maxim Titov: And NASA very interesting developments going from the silicone to monolithic active pixel sensor based on the silicon tungsten the cow. It's actually idea which also were developed was
Maxim Titov: I will see color image or some time ago, there was not so much recent progress, but recently it was picked up by a nice photo gallery meter were basically for the use of the for about electromagnetic and hydroponically remoter were basically is important.
Maxim Titov: Granularity is important in order to provide the proper forethought isolation was in the jet. So there was a first prototype, which was developed based on the mimosa CMOS sensor development for the CMS for the IOC sorry vertex detectors announces being a
Maxim Titov: Modified ends in Utah has been took place in November 2019 we say, I'll put sensors which is basically more ideation heart and which was designed for the ELISE etc upgrades.
Maxim Titov: So basically this is a very interesting development and we can see is this for them Dobbins upgrade of the project in the next shutdown.
Maxim Titov: But of course, I don't want to make an impression that there is a development and coloring material related ONLY TOOLS them.
Maxim Titov: Silicone on boy, and there is a lot of the things which is going related to the crystal scintillating cheering for fibers.
Maxim Titov: In, in particular, if we discuss about the new color imagery concepts and techniques. So normally, with due to its radiation intrinsic radiation harnesses skills reference design choice for the FCC change.
Maxim Titov: The example of use comic genius color imagery is related on the CMS color imagery
Maxim Titov: One's a tungsten crystals the particle floor color imagery is being developed originally for the linear colliders now it has been adopted for say eg cow.
Maxim Titov: This insulator base crystals which can provide the cost effective moderator radiation hardness in particular, such a crystals, like a lease or yacht got
Maxim Titov: I mean they're basically considered for the which. See how upgrade and also for the FCC hedonic borrow
Maxim Titov: And do a readout color imagery, which is currently is being developed for them. Leptin colliders like FCC and a CPC.
Maxim Titov: Against CPM is not widely used important detectors due to the noise and necessity to have a sensitivity to single photons.
Maxim Titov: But it is mostly use some color imagery and CPM readout of classic simulators crystal dual readout color emitters is by being currently address. And of course, one of them.
Maxim Titov: challenge is to call the operation and minus. So to keep circulation heart and soul of si, si P under control.
Maxim Titov: I mean, there is a lot was a was a lot of progress in the CPM development, you're in the last five to 10 years and in particular the breakthrough and CP and production. They're related to reduce correlated Moyes which is
Maxim Titov: Due to cross token after passing. There was greatly improves photon detection efficiency up to the 50 to 65% and also set it up.
Maxim Titov: Recently, what I would like to point out on the right part of this slide. They were encouraging tests with 50 micron sales hamamatsu and of BK CPM
Maxim Titov: Which were done, and is a very dated up to the influence of the 10th through the 14th neutron equivalent per centimeter squares.
Maxim Titov: And the CPS were still operational and does this flu and some a limitation was coming from the fact was the high power dissipation, which was caused by a significant decrease of the current
Maxim Titov: And which basically was limited operation over over voltage to less than one vote, but CPS where operational there is number of examples of you CPM and different experiments there.
Maxim Titov: Is a use for the CMS bottle time in layers together with crystals, there will be used for the silicon trackers in K two K and Ilitch CB and they are also being used to replace HP and CMS in order to make us depth segmentation and to have a high IQ mathematicians.
Maxim Titov: Okay, coming back to the last part of my talk a few slides on the advanced concept in three guilty dark electronics in computing
Maxim Titov: I mean, in addition to the upgrades of the detector of technologies, of course, we have to cope with the maximum amount of data, which is coming from upgraded the next generation of experiments.
Maxim Titov: And as optical data transmission is a key in the readout of modern detectors via using instant 10 gigabits per second.
Maxim Titov: And basically, and the current state of Arkansas VCs cell technology silicon photonics for optical conversion can provide a high bandwidth. An interesting opportunity.
Maxim Titov: There is also some discussions and someone who entering the work to go into the violence transmission, which could allow the particular data reduction and can provide the pro my promotion upcoming lunch detrimental to the currently now.
Maxim Titov: Again for the trigger architecture, we have a multi layered structure such as multiplayer, which is consists from a wealth building and process in three years or less like a case for the left on colitis or multi level three years.
Maxim Titov: Which is was a structure, use them village see experiment.
Maxim Titov: I think there is a general trend of progressive replacement of the complex multi stage trigger system with a single level trigger system.
Maxim Titov: In hardware and a large farm of Linux computers for the final online selection in particular that was deduct will use all the advanced symbol level hardware three year with the maximum rate.
Maxim Titov: Of 40 megahertz and one microsecond level one megahertz and one microsecond latency.
Maxim Titov: In I understand which CB after this face one upgrade after this shutdown will be triggered us at all, which means that they wouldn't have hardware, three years ago.
Maxim Titov: One of the points is which is currently being started this develop is basically tried to use a pre processing one's a detectors, the so called move into the intelligent trigger which might be different key application of care.
Maxim Titov: If I don't say, gee, is related to subtract trigger concept and CMS for the luminosity which see while one cannot send all the hits to trigger it for 40 megahertz.
Maxim Titov: One can develop some local intelligence based on the recognition of coincidence of high P tracks using the correlation into closely spaced layers.
Maxim Titov: And also some developments of the see 65 nanometers SEMA say six week allows to satisfy power requirement, despite the large amount of the necessary logical for chemo heroes.
Maxim Titov: In addition to this, the particle floor approach now becomes more possible for opposite of line selection to the online systems.
Maxim Titov: In particular, one can consider of triggering on secondary vortexes using an n one anomaly detection by machine learning.
Maxim Titov: The similar, but not the same concept is being considered the so called concept of women vectors was LLC.
Maxim Titov: Which can be around for example on the CMO sense of on SOI where, for example, you can see the concept of the two sided flavors.
Maxim Titov: One of them, which provides a more precise timing information and another one is more precise special information.
Maxim Titov: And by this one can form the so called vectors by four mins a complimentary layers of symbols.
Maxim Titov: There was even studies to introduce neural networks selection in CMOS to mitigate data for from the beam related the ground and sales. See, which is very important.
Maxim Titov: But of course, this concept requires more engineering studies and high precision alignment in power siphoning high magnetic field.
Maxim Titov: We are all in alignment with see computing greed, which has been developed for sale, etc. But now, why they use for Bell Yun linear colliders
Maxim Titov: And of course for the future computing taken into account, new computer models and more efficient software has to be developed.
Maxim Titov: And we have to think about and reliance additional resources such as cloud computing high performance computing GPU, the cloud computing has become recently more competitive in terms of Costanza past and
Maxim Titov: High Performance Computing usually employees GPU architecture to achieve very good results.
Maxim Titov: And but this might still requires it from the mental rewrite and optimization of zero, which is software. In addition to this, there is a modern tools and methods such as Big Data machine deep learning
Maxim Titov: And I would refer you to the head for software foundation paper which nicely summarizes development.
Maxim Titov: Last but not least, that machine learning algorithms is actually in particle physics has a very, very long history. The first
Maxim Titov: Introduction of the neural networks, which I found was related to the 90s and then the machine learning algorithms has been used to discover single top bar confirm a lot well before the knowledge seekers start
Maxim Titov: But I think one of the major trends as I was trying to demonstrate buys them meaning vectors Kwanzaa for sale co one track and three girls a leech seed.
Maxim Titov: Is a attempt to bring more than advances in machine learning from offline to online trigger and this represents a major challenge.
Maxim Titov: In the computing infrastructure largely us so far, based on the CPUs and GPUs is gaining much more popularity as core processor
Maxim Titov: Due to the success of machine learning artificial intelligence. And actually, all of us HC experiments will use GPU, to some extent, in the future, upgrade Sally CMS which to be enough.
Maxim Titov: This actually concludes to my talk, which I don't want, I have to go through the summary and outlook again I have to apologize for being very brief and sketchy.
Maxim Titov: Because it is impossible to make a talk with a great amount of the technical details and 15 minutes
Maxim Titov: But I seen physics progress experimental physics was driven by the advances in Paris through instrumentation lead into the development of the new cutting edge technology there is several very interesting points of being developed and
Maxim Titov: For the future of the Hadron Collider spin also
Ivana Hristova: electron positron colliders
Maxim Titov: Thank you very much.
Ivana Hristova: Maxine. Thank you very much for the for the overview of particle physics detectors that was very nice. And it actually contains a lot of reference for those of us who are interested
Ivana Hristova: To dig deeper.
Ivana Hristova: So now we have time for questions from the audience, please let us know if you have comments or questions.
Ivana Hristova: Yes, Dave.
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): I'm actually thank you for your plug for the LD G process that's where is it coming to you very soon.
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): My question was on the trigger and backside, you won't be surprised to hear. I mean, you mentioned the wireless links again and I'm always puzzled by this right
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): Does anybody understand how people think we can read out but it's actually 6060 gigahertz. Right. You only get 10 gigabits per second of bandwidth so
Maxim Titov: You're right. All right.
Maxim Titov: Well, you're right.
Maxim Titov: I mean, I know that there is some developments which is there is some ongoing discussion about using the same as going through couple of papers.
Maxim Titov: Which basically were trying to address and actually in circlet in a view of the future colliders we have some people who is interested to pursue this type of technology. This is actually why I mentioned about this.
Maxim Titov: But of course the discussion is a very, very preliminary level. And one of the major consideration which comes and in somebody has to drive this development and somebody has to try to implement
Maxim Titov: It is to try to implement. Let's face it, like this one, but you're completely right. For the time being, except of the very few general papers.
Maxim Titov: Which is basically being addressed, which is, in principle, appealing concept to sell.
Maxim Titov: But, frankly speaking, I didn't see someone who tried to do a real implementation. Again, as I mentioned, there is some interest actually in CMS. Some people in CMS.
Maxim Titov: Who basically we have within the circle is a so called instrumentation meeting, which is related to the future detector challenges for the laptop well future colliders let's say like this one FCC
Maxim Titov: And there is some people who is interested in this. Exactly.
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): In fact, somebody already made basic in Hamburg. And it's very interesting development, but
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): I'll just, I'll just make an advertisement for that. Actually, I think one place. This could be really interesting is not included detectors, but in low background or liquid Agha
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): Because they're actually the wires are always the problem by for installation and for getting the wires for across that
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): Because of the background materials. So actually, I think there is quite some interest in doing to look at this for the pixel readout. But so it's a nice convergence there. Okay, thanks.
Maxim Titov: No, no. I mean, y'all come to get your knife and he. I mean, I think it's a very good point. But you see, even have a preliminary discussion and trying to understand which experiment can pick up. But somehow, yes.
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): Yeah.
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): I feel like we could not find volunteers. Looks like we need some coordination on the roadmap. Right. Yeah.
Maxim Titov: I, well at least let's say like this one. I mean,
Maxim Titov: Like an example. I think it's very important. Is this my personal opinion.
Maxim Titov: Is it. There is one experiment which drives the development is an example. Also, I can give you the lapd case, I think, for example.
Maxim Titov: The development of the lapd technology which is a module. I mean, currently, it comes module by module and the price of the module is quite expensive it so the order of 50 kilos door. I mean,
Maxim Titov: Kyla, your Osceola dollars, but it's still not a full price because this income company is basically making it is a interested they making it builds licenses for normal
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): Purchase product. Right, exactly.
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): Exactly, yeah.
Maxim Titov: But for example, if some projects like a see will concede that picking this up, then one can expect immediate boost. We need the project behind the scenes in order to quickly advance the technology.
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): Yeah, so my impression is, in general, Maxine, but
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): I mean your talk was a very, very nice talk. Actually, there's a huge amount of stuff out there. People are interested to look into. And in fact, I think we have to pick a few things. And as you say.
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): drive them from science projects because just doing an in the abstract is now too expensive, I think. Anyway, good. Thank you.
Maxim Titov: Thank you very much.
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): Thank you.
Ivana Hristova: Thank you, Dave. Next question from Claire
Shepherd-Themistocleous, Claire (STFC,RAL,PPD): Oh hi Maxine. Thank you very much. That was a lovely overview of things going on. It was actually the lapd thing that I wanted to come back to you. So, this
Shepherd-Themistocleous, Claire (STFC,RAL,PPD): Has been showing a lot of promise for a very long time and things of, you know, people been saying, oh, this is going to be the great new thing.
Shepherd-Themistocleous, Claire (STFC,RAL,PPD): But one thing I noticed on your slides, was that there was a patent out on something to do to do with these
Maxim Titov: Yes.
Shepherd-Themistocleous, Claire (STFC,RAL,PPD): But going to make it much harder for people to work with these things and try and develop them if their patents on some elements of these
Maxim Titov: Well, I don't think so, because basically, uh, well I can't exactly say of course all of the details, but as far as I was discussing with can refresh. I mean, who is
Maxim Titov: In Chicago University, who was basically discussing it and the company. Currently, let's say like this. Once the patent is actually related to the so called
Maxim Titov: Vacuum transfer technique because the key element which remains to be fair to say solved is attractiveness to the industry.
Maxim Titov: And this basically patent, which allows you to produce it in a vacuum and transfer to a different place within the vacuum. So it allows you to increase the capability to
Maxim Titov: Up to, well, it will creation is up to the hundred modules per week. And in, in case of course it's much advisor technology in this way, zip course.
Maxim Titov: Can be decreased the hopes that sequence can be significantly decreased. I mean, at the end of the day, you probably like with
Maxim Titov: How to say ceiling of the PMT. So some of the detectors, you cannot do better than. Come on, man. So to some extent is the same as here. I think even the cost if you don't develop a reasonable
Maxim Titov: Production technique Zen your cost would be prohibitively lunch because as I mentioned. Now, since the income is very interested in this development, they sell at the price of 50 K which is already not small.
Maxim Titov: But this is not a real prize reauthorize is a factor of you more. So basically say INVESTMENTS THEY OWN MONEY IS INTERESTED of India, but they also hope for the market. So, as far as I understand, this should not really
Maxim Titov: In this case, the patent is related for the badge production technique roses and for the technology of the lapd itself. This is my understanding. Okay, thanks for much
Ivana Hristova: Thank you.
Ivana Hristova: Any other questions.
Ivana Hristova: So maybe I can ask
Ivana Hristova: The 7020 10% rule which you mentioned for funding detector research project.
Ivana Hristova: Yeah, I would like to ask the related to this whether this is strictly monitored and and another point on this is whether
Ivana Hristova: In comparison with the computing community where you mentioned the hep software for foundation and
Ivana Hristova: Where they realize that high luminosity HD and future.
Ivana Hristova: colliders won't cope with the increased rate. So we need a paradigm shift. So in the detect the community. Is there something
Ivana Hristova: Like this ongoing, and have we realized that some of the existing technologies which will break in the future.
Ivana Hristova: Or we rather rely on improvement of existing technologies, rather than searching for radically new detection methods and thats related for funding these blue sky search that you mentioned.
Maxim Titov: Well, I mean, it's a very good question. But it's a very difficult to answer, concrete, let's face it, like this one. But you see, I think as as the discussions. I mean, the discussions which is on winds at some sort of ease of use hiring D has to be funded.
Maxim Titov: Is really
Maxim Titov: How to say is really to my opinion is very beneficial because, I mean, I would say, is this to me is a little bit of a change in part of our paradigm
Maxim Titov: Concerns is because I remember when we were establishing the AR D 51 collaboration like 10 years ago.
Maxim Titov: As there was some code to say, and we were starting it as a general attendee collaboration and not only related to each see upgrades.
Maxim Titov: At some that time this was not a very simple task because the arguments were you're trying to use blue sky Indian on olives HC experiments is going to pick it up. So this is not useful.
Maxim Titov: I think this trans, the change on the strength of the Community recognizes is very positive and I hope so. At this time of the blue sky in D.
Maxim Titov: Will be supported within the detector in the roadmap. This is my hope I'm not related to this roadmap, but this is my whole
Maxim Titov: And then it can be pick up reasonably buys a funding agency, of course, how's this can be done in different countries if it will remain different
Maxim Titov: I think there is a questions concerning you quotes advancing new concepts are going to the new ones.
Maxim Titov: I mean, this would be always a mixture because, for example, if you consider the FCC, ah, ah. If you don't have a pixel or silicone detectors which can survive that radiation.
Maxim Titov: Okay, we can improve material engineering other things. But we don't have now the pixel detectors which is on the other side. For example,
Maxim Titov: If you take me on gas detector for immune systems, they can do for the
Maxim Titov: Luminosity Ilitch see an FCC, ah, ah, they require really minor modification in order to feed into the FCC change because the particle Fluxus is just factor of you more. So he wouldn't have a lot of problems. So from this perspective, the things and
Maxim Titov: Yeah. Now, coming back to more. I think there is a major boost which took place in typical second time in detectors, but we still need to understand L God for
Maxim Titov: For radiation hardness and sap and for ideation hardness, whether we can proceed. So I think it was is but this new concept as recently emerge and this is for harder on and let them colliders both I appropriate
Maxim Titov: So therefore, all in all it's answer is a silicone which starts to be in color imagery, which in principle is interesting option in case we can continue to favor such an expensive detectors.
Maxim Titov: So I mean basically answering your question. I think that would be new developments and I think the CMOS technology to my opinion. Maybe it's just my personal opinion.
Maxim Titov: With the time would move. Probably the hybrid pixels in case we will muster radiation hardness of this detectors, but this remains to be seen.
Maxim Titov: But it would be nice chat, and this is why, as the blue sky in the, in particular is very interesting in. You see, if we still don't understand
Maxim Titov: For some of the technology, how we can improve on the materials on nanomaterials. Once the process and technique on the 3D printing.
Maxim Titov: We can get from this process in a major advantages of the detector from the material science, which we don't sink now.
Maxim Titov: In particular, I can dimensions. I can tell you for the fields of the mpg. We are strongly considering this, for instance, this can be one of the interesting direction of the material science.
Maxim Titov: So I don't know if I answer your questions. Precisely. But this is just a very general consideration to be more precise, difficult, but I think the key elements that we need to make clear to our funding agency to find the proper way not to push them, but to find the proper way.
Maxim Titov: In order to find the balance between
Maxim Titov: The detector of India for future detectors and balance was a blue sky. Thank you.
Ivana Hristova: Thank. Thank you. Yes, he was a broad question, but yes you answered it. And it looks like some other disciplines also involved in this industry as well.
Maxim Titov: Sure, I mean review very close to the nuclear physics me Armenians, the developments of irrelevant for nuclear physics. And if I talk to my friends from. I mean, for example, profit and a lot, talking to my friends and see. I gotta rush
Maxim Titov: I mean for the instrumentation for CMOS sensors, etc, etc. Once you can talk to this community, you immediately I didn't understand how many in common. Do you have and how many employment, we can develop let's visit by this one before.
Maxim Titov: We should be brothers and all the financial physics.
Ivana Hristova: Yeah, thanks, and last point, and your opinion for attracting more PhD students to detect research and development.
Maxim Titov: This is a, this is this is a real
Maxim Titov: Problem and basically
Maxim Titov: It is, it is. I don't know. Actually, it would be very good question. I mean, we all hope that they will see will will convert to new discoveries but
Maxim Titov: It might well happen that they would be, you know, new physics from the luminosity see
Maxim Titov: And, frankly speaking, at least looking on the landscape. I will want time in Germany on the professorship position, etc. It's extremely difficult to get a professor of supposition doing solidly the detector India.
Maxim Titov: And it's much more easier. So doing physics being convenor and then advancing to the professor level. So I think this is why it's important that the young people still try to do both the detector physics and
Maxim Titov: Analysis, it's more difficult, but at least it's early stage of Korea, why you don't have so many commitments, it's probably possible. And this is what I always encourage the young people.
Maxim Titov: To do urine pH do pose the walls. But, frankly speaking from the landscape, it's probably as difficult
Maxim Titov: To tell too far to convince funding agency to give them money to blue sky end the same as difficult to change in attitude.
Maxim Titov: For finding positions for detector physicists, but this what we have to work all together as a community, because this discussion has been violated. Raise your answer European strategy of date and everybody agrees to the statement, somehow, but whether you could
Maxim Titov: Call to say put some or shape new programs which helps that which is supported by furniture physics community something more concrete not general discussions that we have to do and how we can address
Maxim Titov: Where within the different panels. So, etc. This remains to be seen, because I don't know, maybe I missed it, but I didn't see any point with steps which were done in this direction, we acknowledge the situation since a long time, but for the time being openly.
Maxim Titov: I don't see that many things change. Maybe in UK differently. I'm just can see a little bit what I see, for example, in France, in Germany is a country where I was working and which I know certainly more
Newbold, Dave (STFC,RAL,PPD): Yeah, I mean, we are we are starting a process in the UK to address this and it's always slow, but I think the European strategy was a great help. Actually, so we are actively sort of a cancerous. Yeah.
Maxim Titov: Well, you can extensions is because I think is a key elements that if one country stats and if one country takes leadership them.
Maxim Titov: By using this example, a big country like France, Germany, UK starts and using them in other countries. You can give it as an example to discussion increase funding agency if it works in one country, it would be easier to start the process and other countries. Yeah, sure.
Ivana Hristova: Okay, thank you. Thanks. On that note, I think we can end. Are there any comments from you maximum or anyone else.
Maxim Titov: Well, thank you very much. Once again for the invitation, though it's speedy I couldn't come in for some, but will manage it is sometimes since the future.
Maxim Titov: And don't hesitate to send me mail if you have some follow up question, but again, I'm not expert in all the domain. I just try to give you a general landscape, but I will try it.
Ivana Hristova: Thank you.
Maxim Titov: Refer you to some best experts, where I know
Ivana Hristova: Yes, thank you, Max him. It was a pleasure to listen to you and to see you, even though over zoom, but hopefully we can invite you again.
Maxim Titov: Well, let's see. What was the thing. So we'll finish and then we will start to travel is before
Maxim Titov: Okay, thank you very much. Once again, thank you, and have a good. Have a good afternoon.
Ivana Hristova: Bye. Bye. Thanks. Bye, everyone. Have a good afternoon.