anatael: Okay, so I go ahead. So thank you very much for the invitation pleasure to be visually as well.
anatael: Some people actually I know very well at rally. I used to be in the UK for
anatael: A long time in the past.
anatael: I did my PhD in a five wrong route so
anatael: There you go. The pleasure. So this time I mean not. Not long ago I told me about liquid out. So this time I mean we're decided to tell you more about the reactor neutrinos.
anatael: And maybe how liquid or would work into that with a little bit of a teaser of how to use liquid or maybe elsewhere. So this is what the seminaries about so
anatael: When it comes to reactors. This has started a long time ago. I think people know neutrinos were discovered by readiness and Co. And it all.
anatael: In the 50s. Actually, these, these guys with the discovery of course they proved Polly right and but not only that they actually at the time. They also paid the ground of match of the neutrino technology that we
anatael: Have even today liquid scintillating detectors and shrink of detectors are roughly speaking.
anatael: The word we will started at the time, they didn't use a chunk of light. I mean, mainly they using lasers. But nonetheless, if you actually look at these kind of the Techstars they are just basically a little bit of a perturbation.
anatael: Of one to the other. So these guys actually amazingly be done a lot of that work at these are the picture of what neutrino collaborations.
anatael: We're looking like at the time of the neutrino discovery and and these guys actually really. I mean, it's worth
anatael: Talking about them for long, but I'm not going to do that. I mean, I'm just going to actually try to basically highlight
anatael: That what they actually did them in setting the transparent liquid ventilator approach is exactly what we're going to try to
anatael: Break a little bit though, at least challenge with liquid. Oh, but you would see these transparent strategy has got has got us very far away.
anatael: They go. So one of the key things that we actually use when it comes to react neutrinos. We have a beautiful interaction that is very well understood where an anti neutrino coming from the nuclear reactor. This is typically coming from any
anatael: Nuclear essentially decay is going to interact with the protons in the target that would be in water or liquid simulator. So liquid simulator is just carbon, hydrogen and carbon. So we're just going to drag these nutrients with the hydrogen
anatael: And he's going to manifest interaction as a coincidence. So this is going to give us a bang bang basically interaction in the director. The first the prompt is a positron. That is going to
anatael: Very quickly, essentially be posted some energy some just the dx is essentially essentially these kind of energies and then he's gone to any late and this is a beautiful first
anatael: Prompt. And then we have a neutron that is going to wonder, this is very low energy typically kV is going to wander in the directory just going to turn allies.
anatael: And eventually is going to capture, essentially. And this can capture on the details, but also sometimes I mean people has been handing these they're improving the capture you know these neutron using lithium gadolinium
anatael: You name it. I mean, there are many ways to do that. And the idea was to really keep these coincidences beautiful continents on the micro second level.
anatael: And that is basically a key strategy that it was used at the time with a discovery to really get on in the background. Well control.
anatael: Now actually brain is and Cohen actually use a little bit of positron identification, but since then.
anatael: Essentially, nobody has been able to practically do that in a in a regular basis in regional
anatael: Director. So the reality is that these detectors. But often, when it comes to these beautiful positive momentum matter.
anatael: Being very different from Monday matter. The manifesting natural reactivity.
anatael: Is actually, we cannot identify these policy from so essentially a Bostonian our detectors. And again, man. Electron man Alpha Protocol.
anatael: It looked like an invite all our bathrooms. In fact,
anatael: That particular problem. And this is why we put the doctors typically deep on the ground to avoid these kind of things. And we actually cleaned it actors really purity.
anatael: I mean towards, towards his background. So in fact, I mean if we were able to do this positron VAD that, in fact, that would be wonderful. And in fact, that's exactly what we want to try to do with liquid or so you will see how we do that.
anatael: So reactors also have a beautiful capability. And you can see to them on and switch them off.
anatael: And that actually is very beautiful. What you see here is the specter of the reactors, the reactor spectrum. So these are neutrino. So this is any v. And what you're going to see is now how the reactor is going to switch off.
anatael: As a matter of fact, he goes, basically the reactor off for a certain while these data. This is actual data. This is not simulation. This is data from double show
anatael: Where we have to structure the bathroom, you can see essentially the little fluctuations of the background distraction.
anatael: And you can see essentially there is a little bit of a neutrinos here and this is because the neutrinos a reactor and meeting neutrinos, even when there is no
anatael: Essentially reactor running and now the Raptors going to go up is in Chile and you can see we can monitor the reactor power. That's when you actually see on the other side. So we're able to really see this beautiful one to one relationship between neutrinos.
anatael: And the firmer power of the nuclear reactors. So this is so cool that even our friends from the sun. They're wondering, can we switch up the sun is it'll, it'll be done in so we can measure the background.
anatael: Unfortunately, that's fine too cool and it remains a dream of a few unclean, not without many of these advantages. If that was to happen.
anatael: Now let me just talk a little bit of reminder on your translations of because we're going to talk about them. Some of that. So as you know, new translations comes down this internally to the manifestation and macroscopic manifestation
anatael: Of two pieces of physics. One of them, that is basically the non the general masses specter of the neutrinos allows for quantum interference basically manifesting in a kilometer and even thousands of kilometers, basically.
anatael: Scale and the other basically piece of physics that has basically been happening is they neutrinos actually basically are mixing. So we actually cannot basically
anatael: See them as a manifestation of isolation without these two piece of physics actually sort of working at the same time.
anatael: And in fact, what we actually basically characterized neutrinos relations we actually characterize into typical parameters. One of them is actually the mixing
anatael: And the other one is these quantum interference. In fact, and when we actually senior translations, they said there is mixing up I lost my mouse that is mixing
anatael: That is mixing, but that is also basically our nutrients has to be massive. So you can actually characterize these by a very simple
anatael: simple equation where you have the RPG basically here. So this is basically the amplitude of desolation equation and this is the phase of your oscillation equation.
anatael: And these can be essentially seen by imagine you started with a certain neutrino blue and these neutrino blue is going to disappear in phases. Phase of elderberry
anatael: And the other neutrino read that you didn't have in your source of the very beginnings is going to start manifesting. So what we call these
anatael: These is a probability of oscillation. This is what we call an appearance experiment. And this is a disappearance experiment and typical survival probability
anatael: And as a matter of fact, most of our experiments so far they have been driven by actually these appearance.
anatael: And only appearance is being started to explode. I mean, in the last two to three actually probably more than four years is actually more than that maybe
anatael: And in fact, this is basically very important to CCP village. Okay.
anatael: So if you actually look at how the neutrinos basically work. Do you have these weekend direction where you have a certain neutrino that this is basically your source.
anatael: The neutrino then it's going to propagate and you're going to have basically this mixing where you will actually have to think of the week eigen state neutrinos either the one that solve is actually the electronic version.
anatael: Of the week eigen states, essentially. So these are elect to muse and towels and you see them as a non trivial combination of mass eigen states. So, these are the ones that solve the
anatael: Equation, or the direct equation, more correctly. And these are basically neutrino mass one, two, and three.
anatael: Okay. And this is going to propagate essentially in vacuum or matter. It doesn't matter too much and in the activity, some of that. I mean, sometimes it matters, but I mean generally I mean for these simplistic. I mean approach.
anatael: This is not going to matter a lot. And you can see just simply, you have to see the representation for example of a certain neutrino.
anatael: Is essentially as a combination linear combination of the other two neutrinos. And you can see that even in biology, you can find beautiful examples of these kind of basically mixing
anatael: Although it could be arguable busy about the waiting, but it would have made it essentially into that topic right now. Now I'm neutrinos, then
anatael: They're going to interact in the detector. They may interact essentially with a beat that sort of neutrino elect from Yun Tao, that could be different or equal
anatael: And that's actually what we call typically how we make experiment. So this is basically typically we talk about that one. And that's our source.
anatael: Okay, so now what do we know as of today regarding neutrino oscillations. So as of now, we have a relatively
anatael: Very stable model with three neutrino three families where we have three mixing angles and correspondingly to the
anatael: Master square. So, this is the typically one that we call atmospheric that is becoming maybe that'd be dated. I mean, to be calling them are very existence right now.
anatael: I'm not sure new Tina's I'm not longer really driving. I mean, these kind of numbers and the VC the solar. And again, I mean, they actually this is driven by capital and right now she's actually driven by reacting neutrinos.
anatael: And even though. I mean, there hasn't been a few exceptions to this mobile as of now, I mean, the reason I wouldn't call exception local simply some anomaly. Some people are talking about. I mean, some possible little issues.
anatael: That there may be some inconsistency is very interesting. If they were true, as of now, I mean, essentially, we can only say that they are consistent with uncertainties.
anatael: Or issues or without really understanding of the uncertainties regarding that. So I'm going to completely ignore this topic. And I'm just going to focus on the mainstream
anatael: And now we have basically the three mixing NGOs, these squares. We have seen the validation that is expected in the matrix because these matrix upon
anatael: Imposing unitary it, it has to be complex with three by three. And that is basically the sign of the demo square atmospheric that is no for the solar and this is an. Yeah. So as of as you can see
anatael: As of now we understand things on a few percent level. But very soon situation is going to change and darling. So everything is going to go. Thanks to Juneau June, a hyper K
anatael: The entire field is going to be driven by reactors and accelerators virtually everything else is going to be roughly speaking.
anatael: In terms of precision, not the driving basically elements, of course, we get a lot of information from other other sources, but it's going to be driven essentially the field but reactors and accelerators.
anatael: And you can see everything is going to go very soon into the permit level, we expect extremely dimensional these to the five sigma. This is easy to say, to some extent, we think we can do that.
anatael: These are the more complicated because it depends on the dentist on the actual face but
anatael: They go and very interestingly, you can see the theater on three that is today's one of the best known basically parameters. He's very soon going to be the was known part leader. And the reason is because the same experiments.
anatael: That has been mentioning that up to now that was sold to eBay and rhino actually are driving today's and tomorrow's position. Nobody knows how to prove that. But I will come back into this topic. So making
anatael: A long story short, the next decade is going to be about, you know, June and hyper k. And as you can see an actual even the synergies and the interplay between those
anatael: And he's about simulation buddies about many of the things and due to these and the seminar. I'm gonna try to highlight a few other things. Okay.
anatael: So it seems that by 2030 30. I mean, everything would be now. And the question would be are we done here. I mean,
anatael: Is this is it. And then, can we do physics. When you trainers are still learning to really go beyond the standard model or is it done.
anatael: So a very good. I mean, as you know, the standard model is has been very successful. I mean, some of our frustration as physicists is precisely that is too successful
anatael: We'd like to really find his spots were actually this is not fully working
anatael: Because maybe there is where we may find manifestations of physics beyond this on the mobile and we can have know that something is out there, but we haven't really found a place where this is going to crack.
anatael: in the best possible way. So actually, this is our hand.
anatael: Now see validation is one of the key topics that people talk a lot. And I'd like to emphasize in the seminar, many of the things that we go beyond seeing the CP violation. But I like to because I see validation, because that's that's stunning
anatael: If you actually look at the CP the Jackson basically invariant of their CK matrix CP validation supposed to be small 10 to the minus five.
anatael: Whereas basically neutrinos. Actually, they have the potential to be three order of magnitude even larger these implies the CP violation in their new Tina could be huge. So once again neutrinos by add
anatael: Maybe surprising us in terms of basically their phenomenology.
anatael: And in addition, of course, we need to know the face as of now, we don't know the face. I mean, we are really in their infancy, we would go to measure the face.
anatael: But even have today. I mean even the maximum simulation and maximal angle is not ruled out. And these actually was favored by 32 K data.
anatael: Although nobody data actually suggesting that maybe things are not as good as that but we would see it's very preliminary. I mean, it's just a big uncertainties. The statistical uncertainty. So he's too early to say anything for granted.
anatael: So even though reactors kinda miss your CP violation directly. It turns out that all the measurements of CP validation depends on the reactors, because actually this is what he took a can mention in terms of basically CP validation
anatael: And these actually the reactors management of the two and, three and, in fact, what we actually call our knowledge on CCP validation is actually the combination of TK
anatael: And the reactors. The DoubleTree if you actually didn't have react with the experiments.
anatael: To K alone will not be able to even to rule out basically see the conservative solution on that. So it's a matter of fact, even though sometimes we highlighted to care Nova and no question about it. Without that data. I mean, we wouldn't be where we are.
anatael: Without the reactors, he doing three
anatael: Key measurement of theater and three, we wouldn't be where we are neither so very importantly, actually, what is happening more and more
anatael: Is that an hour only way to really improve our knowledge is really explored in this kind of synergies and sometimes they are not highlighted essentially the title of the paper.
anatael: But you should really be looking into the details, and you would see you will be seeing essentially that these is happening everywhere virtually and more and more as time goes
anatael: Now regarding naturally the matrix is interesting to look at the structure of the matrix, not just basically the each angle but actually what this matrix might be telling us
anatael: And this is what I'd like to talk to you a little bit about. So the first thing that we see is that we see large make sense. So these are the two three and 3213
anatael: But we have these as Monique seem very puzzling, which is exactly these little bizarre thing here that feed on three. As a matter of fact, and the question is why this is looking at, actually. Nobody has a clue.
anatael: The other thing is that actually see the validation might be huge basically in here. So that's actually very interesting as I highlighted before
anatael: But the big question is, what is this matrix telling us. And as a matter of fact nobody knows. And the other thing that we need to validate is one of these majors is actually unitary because as of now, we assume the unitary
anatael: In fact, the fact that we talked about the dough and three to three and one two is because we pose the unit ID, but that is an assumption that has not been experimentally validated. As of now, no both it has been validated to the
anatael: Large procedural memory like I mean to large uncertainties, but I mean really getting competitive, there is a very important question fundamental questions.
anatael: Now let's put side by side. This again matrix. And you can see these beautiful elegance that the matrix is telling us is telling us that basically anything that is have they're going to
anatael: Is the favor. So these matrix, even though these these very elegant, in a way, as clear structure.
anatael: And then eat actually suggest something very clear, very clear message. Now these matrix, though I call extravaganza mean as a sort of contrast to the elegance. I wouldn't say that this is
anatael: It makes something when I call a baby crazy. Some people call it anarchy. Some people call it a little bit of
anatael: Anything, nobody understands. As a matter of fact, what is this matrix telling us as of now.
anatael: And this is one of the big challenges to try to understand what's going on, as you know, should we have basically a mobile that is beyond this done the mobile
anatael: Maybe an interesting thing. Would that we have to basically understand is how these two things are basically put together in another basically in a larger mobile word the standard model is just an effective mobile
anatael: And we're just putting this point of interest is actually by hand, as we mentioned them in experiments. So the elegance of the CPM says that is a mixing buddies out relatively organized mixing
anatael: Where is basically the neutrinos is an absolute yeah strands, you name it.
anatael: OK, now let's go about a little bit about unity charity, which my opinion would be probably the last is Korean reacting on neutrinos. As a matter of fact. And the reason is because that if we saw of course know nearly directly. That's that would be an absolutely stunning
anatael: Manifestation, let me tell you how we basically go about that. Will you actually take this matrix is actually
anatael: You actually impose a unitary the condition, it turned out, you actually come down to several equations independent equations. Some of them tell you
anatael: That the rose has to be one day columns has to send to one and sometimes you get combinations. These were the people called triangles essentially this he came to angles.
anatael: And this is actually unit CP, CP validation to do that, but actually is matching more interesting as as of now, because the new team is we don't know the validation yet to actually consider the rose. So you can see the electron roll.
anatael: The dice roll and the new road. Now they knew they doubt the big problem is that we don't. It's very hard to mention nutrient that hosts the has been demonstrated by several experiments that they security barely to see the things
anatael: But know much more than that. So the procedure is very poor. Unfortunately means we know things much better because most of our accelerators are using meals. In fact, as immunity immune
anatael: As a, as a natural basically been
anatael: And that, but actually what we know the best is
anatael: With electrons because these row is actually 3212 and three dot three, which actually these two numbers are the best known
anatael: I mean, as of now, the main reason is we go see that two three suffers from something called the okta and ambiguity. So in fact, actually, that not that angle is very large, but actually
anatael: It's largeness actually causes a little bit of an ambiguity that right now. We haven't fully resolved so actually the the best road to really start testing that is to use an actress. So this means reactors and solar neutrinos.
anatael: Okay, let's come back to basically to the matrices. And let's try to pretend for a moment that we have anomaly diary basically situation where we actually consider non standard neutrinos. But of course, I mean, it could be actually if you see none.
anatael: Violations of unitary it, you actually could be sensitive to non standard interactions to it's very difficult to resolve to a priori.
anatael: Let's continue the case of a fourth neutrino. So we actually consider that I will seek a matrix, it was a simplified version of another more complex matrix and this actually consider just adopt road.
anatael: And we can clearly see a batter these terms large system is very small and this term is super mega tiny actually these number is four per Neil
anatael: Okay, that's not uncertainty. That's actually the amplitude so remarkably were able to measure that with some uncertainties which is even smaller.
anatael: And in fact, I mean, we would expect to because we haven't seen any manifestation of that then if discern was ever there is going to be following something like that is going to be super time. Okay.
anatael: And these implies that you need to know things to the level to 10 unit in sorry one in 10 unit to the five or to the six and these of course is a huge challenge and
anatael: Us. I mean, I want to emphasize also when you actually explored the CPM, you would have another problem is that you have basically quantum chroma dynamics and sometimes there is
anatael: Corrections radiative corrections and this gets really, really nasty. Very quickly I can show some slides on topic but i mean i think you know probably better than I do.
anatael: Now if you actually come back to the new genome and you try to do the same exercise, he turns out that these numbers 10% that's either one, three and that's huge. In comparison to for Bernie. Oh.
anatael: So these implies that if there wasn't a manifestation there maybe with a premium level, maybe with even the percent level.
anatael: We might be able to really be exploring something very interesting. So this is, I mean, basically. Some people say that to really study unitary unit.
anatael: I mean thing unit in one unit 10 to the five or so or unity per meal.
anatael: And per million. And actually that's not necessarily true in the neutrino case. So actually this is a very interesting question that we should be addressed experimenting, of course, but these i mean
anatael: It's easy to say, you will need to control things to the less than four new percent per lead percent level and really go to the premium level. Okay.
anatael: Now if you want to test that case, actually, these are very well defined experimentally analytical problem from neutrinos.
anatael: The actual prediction is perfect because it's coming from the symmetry. So we know is one or not.
anatael: Or greater than one. So actually, this is very nice. Sometimes you have a prediction that he's actually very slippery that he's actually much harder.
anatael: Experimentally, the precision in principle is accessible, it's challenging, but it's possible. We'll talk about that in one second.
anatael: And very nicely. I mean, when your team knows we have a direct and clean pro because there is no corrections is related corrections, which are very nasty when it comes to probe in 6pm and things like that.
anatael: Now, if we are actually so that clearly you basically you get an easy get to Stockholm directly because this is telling you that we are really proven this done a mobile
anatael: App to a level that nobody has really got this tells you that may be there, a new standard new particles new families or new interactions. Either way, you are really breaking to a sentence, then our understanding of the sun, the model as of today.
anatael: Okay. And interestingly enough, also as a highlighted, we can test it with electron
anatael: Row, but also with a new row. So there's some redundancy to also to validate cross check. I mean, that actually, that's true. So I'm particularly seduced by these particular topic, but okay, I'll take that offline. And let me
anatael: TALK TO YOU TELL YOU WHAT WE ARE regarding the tractor neutrinos what he's today the present and the meaning present. So let me tell you about the Dillon three so
anatael: Three is summarizing this blocked and we build for that will show you can see the best measurement, the most precise measurement is this one by diabetic. This was actually 2018 measurement
anatael: But it turns out, actually the day actually has another measurement, which is the, how does the mission in these two analysis or is slightly
anatael: Related they are not the statistics is in the burden by the analogies are correlated because you're using the same detector and there are some systematics I don't go into the details.
anatael: Then there is no also basically making that's the second most precise measurement and I never saw in 2006 suggesting that feed on three is somewhat larger
anatael: And actually turns out that actually since 2016 actually in 2018 actually ran on they are they are slightly moving up. So in fact in 2019 for pricing. Actually, I was very surprised myself.
anatael: Actually if he doesn't he has me moving a slightly higher and as I remind you, basically the feed on three. The central value is also very important to understand CP knowledge. And just to give you a little bit of a feeling if the UK wanted to mention feed on three
anatael: Of course, unfortunately, it's not very easy because they have too many things running in the observable. So, I mean, that's what makes it beautiful for CP violation, but not very
anatael: The most precise if you live in the dorm free for Facebook. Now when it comes to these experiments. Just to give you a feeling for the precision these experiments are able to do today handling millions of events.
anatael: Control systematics on the one per million level. Sorry, one per, per meal level. I'm sorry.
anatael: And we able to control the energy essentially systematics to less than 1% that is just absolutely stunning
anatael: These are basically the tables with the numbers. I mean, if you have any question, I would come back to that.
anatael: But you would ask yourself, Can we prove that because that honestly if I participated a lot on that and and I tell you that even myself. I still sometimes I wonder about this one brand new systematics
anatael: Do we really believe or understand things to the one level, this is very hard for six
anatael: Now if you want to improve. I mean, in this business.
anatael: But getting more statistics is actually not that difficult. Just make the detector Biggers actually this is a fictitious data entry date just would rather small, so that's easy. We can go to museums and even 10s of million. That's a relatively
anatael: Easy cost you money, but he's easy as possible without to do that, unfortunately, controlling systematics on few units in 10 to the 10 to the for
anatael: That very honestly I don't think anybody in this planet knows how to do that. And that actually is very challenging. And the question is, is this the end of the reactor neutrino position.
anatael: And as I'm going to show you later on. The answer is no. They are strategies and this is actually what the seminaries, about two
anatael: Years ago now, when it comes to data on three today's knowledge, actually, if you ask anybody out there, they will tell you that is impossible to prove the two and three. And what I'm going to tell you the seminar is that we know how to do it.
anatael: And this is going to be shown in a few minutes time
anatael: Now let's talk to take that on to that was the other important component for the neutrino electron side.
anatael: So now that brings us basically to China. And that's actually the only place where we can improve that we have these huge decter Juno, that is going to build essentially within 50 kilometers baseline to two of the most powerful reactor complexes in
anatael: The world. This is actually very close to Hong Kong. Hong Kong is just here, roughly speaking. And then, so these are huge detector.
anatael: Taking a huge amount of basically of reactor basically neutrinos and in 600 meters and the ground is a new laboratory being built and making a long story short, we hope to start taking data by 2022
anatael: Is the director is one of the, I mean, essentially these other sites are super candid candid
anatael: But now you put the PMT for the cathode in every single millimeter that is left. So in fact that is large photo multipliers that drive essentially the stochastic
anatael: Color imagery for the control of their energy and that is some has multiple done with the players actually, these were idea.
anatael: Driven by Europe to a larger Stan that is about controlling systematics but also help, essentially, the physics at different levels. So actually, is like if we have to the thing. There's within one single detector and that actually
anatael: has advantages because we can actually see distillation of the day one, two, with two independent readouts.
anatael: Okay, of course, it's the same physics. So actually statistical basically turn it fully correlated. So what we're actually doing with this is valued.
anatael: At in a hyper precision level. This is semantics of the control
anatael: Of the color imagery and you use a large BMT is that give you even information. These window if you don't want to waste it on three and this is basically what people
anatael: Junior uses to measure mass or during but we can measure the one to into with to independently doubts and allow us to control to absolutely the up with an amazing position to the premium level to up to understand really if you don't want to unveil them square
anatael: Solar and why we do that because actually it turns out that we need a permit position because Julie's able is going to improve essentially from is no one can super K
anatael: By almost an order of magnitude in precision in terms of data on to, and he's going to improve their damage square also by almost an order of magnitude in the other side.
anatael: And the bad news is that there is nobody that is going to check Juno. So this is why we didn't, you know, we are pushing very heavily to get as much redundancy as possible.
anatael: To be able to really understand ourselves, our own systematics because really controlling per meal physics on
anatael: It was hard to do it on a small detectors like double. So by doing it on a 4020 kilos on the detector. Things are getting a little bit harder. So this is why we're actually building these redundant system that we call was more punitive system. If I have a meeting that
anatael: Now when it comes to the door to. In fact, I mean, beyond you know i think is impossible to go this is to the premium level.
anatael: But these are the feet. I want to win neutrinos and. Now, interestingly enough.
anatael: This is the only parameter that maybe we can measure with the solar these means that we can measure the neutrino and then the anti neutrino version of that.
anatael: And if we're able to do that. These employees. They were testing CPT invariance directly. And this is one of the most beautiful ways to do it. And we'll talk about that in one second. But I already hinted. I mean, something that we're going to do.
anatael: Now the big issue up to here. It was a story of success. Now when it comes to understanding the absolute flash
anatael: This is when things get very, very hard, no matter how bad the situation is very nasty.
anatael: So it turns out when we started, coincidentally experiments. I mean that the data to Monte Carlo prediction. So in other words, how good the prediction is
anatael: That essentially everything to make a long story short is is screwed up to the level of 10% we don't understand the normalization.
anatael: And we don't understand the shape. Some people right now are claiming that these different normalization is a call for this trial very honestly I don't subscribe to the point of view.
anatael: I subscribe to the point of view that before I talked about something like that. I should understand my source better. And since nobody on this planet right now can prove that we don't understand the source any better nori normalization all the shape
anatael: I think is a little bit during to really be
anatael: Talking about that. I mean in terms of history of course right now people has changed a little bit. The logic and our people are using basically relative analysis.
anatael: Because we know that really the one thing that we now know is that we don't know nuclear reactors to the level
anatael: 6% is my basically my number. I definitely don't believe the number that right now is kind of a sufficient number for some people.
anatael: And I think that we can conservatively say that when the standard of reactive to the level of 10% but 5% is kind of the level. If you think about it, this is great. This is not. I mean, this is
anatael: These are fantastic. I mean, understanding in absolute a source to the level of a few percent
anatael: Is an absolute achievement. Now some people thought that we understood things to the 2% level. And I think that just turns out to be wrong, or at least we can approve that this is right.
anatael: Which is a synonym sometimes. Now we know actually, the absolute position of that to the premier level. So we actually know this value to the premier level, but it seems we don't know the prediction to the level of 7% so that is an opposite Hero six 7%
anatael: The only thing that we can say it humble enough is that we don't understand the nuclear reactor as much as we thought that we did, and celebrity. Yeah.
anatael: And now, improving that because that's maybe what you're wondering
anatael: I really honestly have to say with a lot of embarrassment. We just don't know how to do that. At least not too fast or there. There are some funky ideas out there, but these would take me another hour of discussion.
anatael: And as of now, it will basically say that we don't know really how to improve that not even if shaking back actually been should remain should
anatael: I mean, the electron. I mean, from the decay of the reactor and so on so forth. I mean, it's a very tough problem afraid.
anatael: Absolute Romans are very tough problem. So now basically let me show you what we know about the integrity, which implies basically putting all that information together. We know these very well we know this very well.
anatael: But as an unsurprisingly, we don't know that very well. And to understand the integrity, we need to know the flax I'm surprising enough
anatael: These are basically the Lehman's from our toll, a colleague of mine. I work very closely to and you can see basically our understanding basically of the
anatael: University basically that you can express it in these monitors, actually. So this is 1.5% if you believe you understand the react of likes to 3% which I dumped at all.
anatael: Nor, they do. So that's the reason why they actually explore 6% level.
anatael: So, what we can say right now is that we can we can know the unit clarity on the lectern row, which is the best that we know so far to the level of the 3%
anatael: Is totally basically driven by the flux uncertainty and these implies because you know it's not going to prove that despite the beautiful measurement. The down to
anatael: Is impossible to measure that to improve that measurement, even with joy. So we need to really work on. Absolutely. And the main problem is that, so far we have been playing this game of multiple detectors.
anatael: And what we have been doing by doing that is actually postponing this problem. And now if we really want to improve basically you need clarity. I mean, this implies that we need to tackle this problem head on. And this is actually only to say very hard to do.
anatael: Okay, regarding my swords during the, what are we going to note regarding with the reactors. Well, it turns out if you actually look at today's papers with a combine analyses.
anatael: That we know that normal. I mean, he suggested. I mean, call it I mean his favorite normal mass ordering these favorite, two, three. See, okay. It is a combination is an aggregate of service experience now Juno is going to come by 2028 providing three six
anatael: Wow, that's a little bit scary because you said well or today in already almost three sigma. Okay. Yes. These three segments, much better than these three sigma maybe
anatael: But nonetheless, in eight years time, we're going to go all Italy sigma and the question is that the matter will be too late to little would that be every now.
anatael: And we actually basically thought about very carefully. So we actually just wrote a paper about that and we tried to address the question, when are we going to really know mass order into the five sigma level.
anatael: Which experiments in the minimum set are going to matter.
anatael: And what is the physic that really is playing. I mean, in this role, and this is what our paper was about and I just summarize very, very quickly. It turns out that if you just combine Juna Nova TK
anatael: TK being almost purely blinded to Mysore during but nobody's actually very sensitive muscle during they both they cannot do it. But if you combine Juno, you can actually get to the stigma level.
anatael: Roughly speaking with 1% uncertainty which is very close to what we have today in the delta square atmospheric improve the the demo squared. And Mr. Eric these just basically gets better and better and better.
anatael: So in fact, we to our greatest surprise, we realized that I actually just Judah novelty today and we are really truly down
anatael: We actually have basically a very high chances to get the phi sigma basically by 228
anatael: Nov okay with it. Stop earlier. So these actually would follow totally they do know Cheryl and it seems that July truly combining with no wanted to K is going to give us the good news for that. And this is beautiful because God snaps. So look.
anatael: Beautiful machine for mass ordering and it's very nice to have basically a Phi Sigma measurement
anatael: From these guys combined and compared to June that actually is going to come along and we have now to think that can be compared one another because that is not model out there that predicts what the muscle during should be
anatael: Even more unique going to give you five sigma mass ordering using matter effects, whereas Juno can actually do the vacuum cleaner as oscillations alone, and we can get to the phi sigma level as we proven the paper and there is a very simple
anatael: There is any standing synergy. So this is the sensitivity of muscle that, you know, Juno.
anatael: And we are able to go about five sigma just by the improvement of the atmospheric the ultimate square
anatael: These boosting. It's just the beautiful pretty one of the most elegant synergies.
anatael: That I've seen in your translations and it's between accelerators and reactors. They are just boosting their sensitivity by combining their information.
anatael: So, the details are in the paper I skip the details here, because otherwise we'll take me too long.
anatael: But now I can go, come back to basically my original motivation when we started thinking about that.
anatael: Would you know have a role in that. And the answer is absolutely generally don't experiment that could give us vacuum mass ordering alone.
anatael: And we'll make Phi Sigma simply by boosting with them is good information. But this is as good as basically took a mission in CP validation using the reactivity. Don't say it's actually the same thing, but just the other way around. So
anatael: Again is about combining information and really going will be out. Now, let me take it to the future. And, of course, that implies basically
anatael: Some uncertainties intrinsically now.
anatael: Right now we have these beautiful experiment Juno being built right now hyper K also being built and June. In fact, right now, that is the largest excavation in the planet happening for neutrino.
anatael: I mean, this had the largest experiments in Poland in the history of neutrinos and both Athena right now making essentially underground laboratories
anatael: Once these, you might notice these what are we are left without neutrino oscillations experiments are leaving called reflection, but when I mean
anatael: In the next decade. Of course, I mean there is many Europeans here many Europeans here. How many Europeans here. So we are doing physics. I mean, in a different way.
anatael: But I mean, still I mean there's an interesting question. I mean, so I mean something that we Europeans, I think we should think about a little bit
anatael: Now, one big lesson that we know and I can tell you know the most painful way is that making things simple construction close to a nuclear reactor is really not the right way to go. I kind of recommend it less
anatael: As a matter of fact, it's very special. If you're you're building. I mean a nuclear and detector, you're doing underground
anatael: Detector with TNT. And he happened to be Fukushima basically exploded and Mina exactly the same time, it turns out that actually putting t AMP T close to a nuclear reactor became super unpopular.
anatael: I mean solution. So I really don't recommend people to go that way. This is so bad that in fact
anatael: We have realized that actually the only be way to go forward is to invent another detection technique.
anatael: And these I'd like to say that this is a joke about actually is. Now this is actually how liquid was born, or at least how I was born motivated invented credo
anatael: Because, to a large extent I was desperately thinking how can we improve nuclear reactors. I mean, in that context, we definitely don't want to be digging.
anatael: Big things in there.
anatael: So this detector as you would say it is a specialized on tagging the altimeter positron. So this is what is important for the case of the nuclear reactors, but you would see you can do much more.
anatael: And this is great because actually our backgrounds are typically mundane stuff.
anatael: Just radioactivity and some cosmic stuff. But I mean, to a large extent, this is the stuff that we can actually know if this is possible and demanded, we can actually do these videos you'll see ya. One second.
anatael: So if I our detectors today. I mean, that will saw Juno, the state of the art. What we actually see when we have a post on electronic gamma
anatael: Is what I'm showing to you, and I'm not joking. We see nothing. We see a essentially a bulk of information, all the information is roughly speaking last making a long story short,
anatael: All this information is lost through out the detection method and these I'm going to make a statement, and I'm going to prove it.
anatael: Not fully because then there's the seminar limitations. It has to do with transparency.
anatael: So what liquid. Oh, can do is, this will able to see that a positron looks very different from an electron, I will explain that in one second.
anatael: And it looks very different from a gamma and these gamma is condom. This is come down, come down, come down, come down.
anatael: And then for the lighting for the end, I think you understand if these are gamma doing that these are government or any relation and it's exactly doing the same thing.
anatael: Start what we are achieving with liquid or most importantly is an imaging machine.
anatael: That he's able to handle things on the centimeter scale and he gave you precision on the vertex on the probably the millimeter scale. We are basically doing the R amp D associated that but the Monte Carlo. This is full gen form on the gala tell us
anatael: This is easy. Now we need to validate experimentally because I don't believe john for as you know in Gen for can give you whatever you like. If you tune it
anatael: If you do, when in doubt. I mean, not everything. But at least I mean you you have to be very careful, you have to take with a grain of salt back so liquid do is about. I mean,
anatael: Essentially exploiting actually developing this particle ID using that. But now that your liquid simulator that thing has to be transparent is going to be a page you're going to see the ad
anatael: We can actually dope it, you can actually go be brutally
anatael: Because now you can actually do things that you couldn't do when you have to go transparent because transparency was a fundamental basically limitation in terms of basically don't put anything in the detector otherwise.
anatael: Graph is beginning to screw up transparency. Okay. So actually, that's basically sort of the sets a new framework for playing with detectors.
anatael: And in fact, it turns out, not surprisingly, this is our signal.
anatael: And that's those our bathrooms and you just can see by that you can see of course enough for patients on these mechanisms, because this is basically a custom. So this is you cannot assume that all the positrons looked alike.
anatael: But nonetheless, you can clearly see that actually you can see and they have the same energy. So actually you can discriminate them with
anatael: Color imagery first and then you can basically compare them apples to apples in terms of color imagery and distinguish. Okay.
anatael: Let's go into the details now very quickly. So this is actually what a positive looks like in liquid. Oh, this is an opaque scenes in the dirt and these are transparency ventilator, and they all the amazing thing. And this is super counter intuitive.
anatael: Is that we transparency, you see less that actually with capacity because what we actually do with the bus, Ed. We are forcing the light to stay locally.
anatael: And these effectively we do that without any segmentation segmentation particularly Nev is very actually
anatael: I don't recommend it very honestly unless you really know you relieve you. Do you know what you're doing. I mean, there are many, many, many reasons why segmentation is very bad at nav, particularly for the impurities. Very bad.
anatael: Okay, so here we have a chief for the first time, something that
anatael: He looked impossible with able to confine the light to force the light to stay locally is actually without any segmentation of pixelization strategy whatsoever. These we call self segmentation and this mechanism is stochastic
anatael: And you will see is very simple is bread and butter physics. Now before I told you about the bread and butter physics.
anatael: I mean, let me tell you what these look like. So these would be double sure data. Okay, we have one of the best signal backgrounds in the planet for a 30 meter detector underground
anatael: We have a 30 to one basically signal to back this is really good. It's a matter of fact.
anatael: We have few events per day in terms of the bathroom and with liquid. Oh, if we extrapolate it. I mean, I go into the details if you wanted, if we actually able to tag the positron.
anatael: You will be going essentially to a scale where you're seeing that back when we go well above 100
anatael: actually more like thousand assuming the stipulation correctly actually even more so modified the seven numbers I'm trying to be very conservative. So people
anatael: I mean there's rumors and you know what, I never hear
anatael: And the background basically has not down essentially from fuel per day to few per year. So this is like a novelty. The experiment, but now in the fullest spectra that he's not region of interest or something like that.
anatael: So this is just amazing, because that tells us that if you're able to do this kind of signal the background.
anatael: I mean, this means, to some extent, you will start getting away from overburden, you don't need to go deep on the ground and that of course means millions and millions in terms of consequences.
anatael: Of course, I mean, you might want to keep the signal to background that never because you want to do. Super funky physics. I mean, that's your choice.
anatael: But you might get away without much or more than I think we're about done a little bit of reverb things always good, because that is electromagnetic component of course mix, but
anatael: Very little is probably good enough.
anatael: So now what is liquid base about is is about to actually very simple physics is the same physics basically that that basically forced the light come back to you when you have some fucking front of you actually is not reflected is a scatter back and
anatael: But nonetheless, it is a visit exactly the same physics, where you see is included the fire and the lights engine in the fog.
anatael: So that's how liquid. The word super simple. So it comes down essentially that now you're photons instead of basically coming back. They actually gone to a random walk in your detector. What we're going to do is increase a scattering
anatael: Duty by for order of magnitude and these implies that you photons no longer go away as interesting to infinity, but they actually remain locally, of course. Now the question is, how do you get the light
anatael: And we can delay by putting fibers in this region, and now we collect essentially instead of having basically washing all this information. Information remains locally.
anatael: And it's so segmented you don't have any segmentation whatsoever to just use an opaque mechanism to do that and you'll see how we do that.
anatael: These mechanism typically exploits my scattering. That is some really scattering, but my schedule is really the way right way to go. You will see why.
anatael: In this is the scattering of the clouds and this is kind of the sky. This is why the clouds are white on the milk is wide and this is basically where the sky is blue.
anatael: So this is actually the basis of these stochastic scattering that we use for liquid invite the mice gathering solar understood that you can find papers where they use my scattering to understand the samples.
anatael: You can actually see this is American business. You can see the different properties of milk.
anatael: Or simply vitamins and you can actually understand even different samples. And that's exactly how we want liquid to look
anatael: There is no chromaticism there is no chromatic difference, although sometimes color could be beautiful, but I'm going to take that offline entirely sure. Do you have a question and we can talk about that.
anatael: Okay, so this is brings me to the what I call the theme of liquid or if you have anything that basically has a lot of scattering. You might call it, you may call it multi cloud your worksheet.
anatael: And it produces flight simulator or chunk of it doesn't matter if it's gas liquid solid these is liquid and everything that I'm going to show you works.
anatael: Well, I'll just then. Well, interesting, but it works is the same physics. Okay, so this is how we make those images I show it to you. So we made those images by putting a huge Amina very packed basically natural fibers. These are wasting fibers.
anatael: And we just been really put in one direction, but of course in these geometry, you can put different directions. You can put up to three axes, you can prove easily yourself that actually you don't need three with two is more than enough.
anatael: And you can actually just make it a paucity just basically forces every single condom is included to remain in a little ball and you just reconstruct all the information. And again, this was the image I showed before.
anatael: Okay, so any fiber. So we actually when these fibers are well understood. So these are busy fibers of good awry.
anatael: In our case, for now that he's also Sandoval fibers that we're exploring and we have to basically bring the light to silicon PM.
anatael: But before we do that, we actually have to make a new simulator. And this is actually a picture of our news into later.
anatael: I will be using later looks like milk. In fact, we have walks. If I it we have introduced basically paraffin into the simulator which is also hydrogen and carbon
anatael: And beautifully. We have solidified, and this is beautiful. If you don't believe how beautiful liquids into later is to become solid, you can go to gangsta. So, and as people. Basically, what are they like liquid simulator to leak into the water.
anatael: And you will see that solidifying it is actually very good for many, many, many reasons.
anatael: And then I can assign any elsewhere because also these employees are detected actually is not basically moving in terms of complexion. This is also very good for some backgrounds, for example, becoming from random and things like that.
anatael: And also because this means that you can dope it or you don't have to care do you suspension now to keep your dope. As a matter of fact. So these are actually very good. Let me see that. Because I'm realizing my timing. I'm pushing my can easily
anatael: So we also basically built dedicated electronics very fast electronics, you can see when a single pane of a silicon pain has been digitized up to the level of almost in decent level of
anatael: Precision because we're interested in really understanding these information in the front of this liquid simulator. These are the expectation of the simulator.
anatael: And the point is that these a little physics here that never has been, never been able to be used because empties were very slow.
anatael: So it turns out that actually works like a light TPC with a four by time of flight system essentially if you think about it.
anatael: carefully enough, you will realize that actually what we, that's what we built, we didn't realize these are the very beginnings. I love to say that we were conscious about it. But the reality is that's what we have.
anatael: So we now go from Jen for these part of it to that paradigm and it's pretty easy to prove it in again for if you look in Gen. For more carefully with the photons, you're moving to from grace. These are your photons.
anatael: And these are the fibers. You can see it and you're moving into these
anatael: Sort of, I call it. I like to think of another female basically phone of optical folders. You can see the photos, no longer behave as you used to think they do.
anatael: But nonetheless, that's absolutely standing. In fact, this is how you contain the light and you increase the light level because these photons are going to keep on trying to be collected by the fiber by themselves. Nobody forced to them. As a matter of fact.
anatael: Now I'm going to show you something that shouldn't show you but of course this is otherwise. And we would it be worth them and keeping me on these me now.
anatael: Is I'm going to show you the first day does super quick and dirty data for now we're seeing our first product actually is our second prototype.
anatael: Running with news on water Chernenko so you see basically with water. You see, just chillin cough and you seem to later. You see the challenge of ethnic cuisines later.
anatael: These policies have been of course normalized one. But what you can see is the beautiful to think of light basically here. This is not too surprising is kind of a delta function.
anatael: This has been many news with know the same acceptance, but would you can see here, and that is to stunning
anatael: Is that now you see the seed later tail and you see that there is a unicorn behavior and that is actually your trunk of you can actually identify chunk of light and simulator light.
anatael: With your finger. As a matter of fact, this is not even calibrated data. This is just to show you in the most quicken the template in a way we can actually distinguish chunk of anti intellectual life.
anatael: Just with your finger.
anatael: And these employees. The now we can actually use to think of as a counter mechanism so you can compare articles and a lot of time.
anatael: So this is actually very, very beautiful. And this is why we have very interesting the front of the pulse. And this is something that you couldn't have a chief easily with some of the players.
anatael: Now if you want more details, please go to our paper that is supposed to basically come out very soon in nature. Physics communication.
anatael: But otherwise, there is also our scene later paper and you can go into details, but let me come back now to react and routines.
anatael: And I'm sorry, I'm a little bit tight in time. So I'm going to push a little bit through. So what liquid can do for us. So let's go back to our beautiful European best reactor site so far.
anatael: And it turns out, actually, we have these two beautiful reactors. But it turns out that we have a huge site here and this is a secret that not many people know
anatael: And let me tell you about that secret because it's time to unravel these. So this is actually basically the entrance to that huge basically a whole
anatael: And as you can see people has been working on that very heavily because what it turned out to be is that there was a nuclear reactor during the 60s. That was running there is actually. And in fact, was the first
anatael: P WR reactor that was built between Belgium and France of the time in fact that he's took cupboards right now of the size of super Candy, candy, if you put them together 50 kilotons effective water but either way.
anatael: Is already huge covers and invite them in the big burden of these governments. They are beautiful. I mean, you have basically two carbons for free essentially built already
anatael: Ready to work and close to two of the most powerful reactors in the planet which are short. As a matter of fact, it's actually the is opens
anatael: An amazing opportunity of physics from France and of course year of the world because the thought of it. This is for everybody. No way.
anatael: Big burden of that they overburdened nice absolutely
anatael: Deplorable I mean for our current technology is a killer. You can do nothing on that you can just basically congratulate yourself but nothing but that.
anatael: These is. I mean, unfortunately, useless with go accounting knowledge. But if you have a technology that is able to clean your backgrounds with these kind of overburden
anatael: Now we're playing a different game. Of course, now this is just to give you a feeling for our super K. How would look like. And I guess. Basically, you might be wondering, in one way or another.
anatael: I'm suggesting something called super short. Or like, and the answer is yes. Let me get you in the details.
anatael: These are the covers that we're building the 60s. And this is actually the only pictures that you can really see because otherwise there are many, many years and then reactors being dismantled. I've been there for a few times.
anatael: And this is actually the food over the footprint of the reactor and this is where they wouldn't be this is 14 eaters. This is the size of almost basically notre DOM in Paris, so you can call these basically no click on the show, if you like.
anatael: And this is actually the other color. So actually, these implies that actually will hyper K Gino and junior being built. Actually, the covers are already built in Europe.
anatael: Maybe the question is can we do physics there. And indeed, we can actually put a detector here and we can actually put near the doctors here.
anatael: And these implies that we can do something very powerful that I already had that in one year ago and the stocks are going to go into the details.
anatael: But we can demonstrate that we can make the best measurement of Tito and three by almost an order of magnitude better as of today's knowledge, essentially. So one other minute but roughly speaking.
anatael: Than today's day and age, and we can also make the best measurement on building square. He. So this is actually the atmospheric
anatael: Measurements so compatible essentially to Juneau, and so on. So these already very nice measurements.
anatael: And these implies that if we go back to CP violation emerging how beautifully would be to do these measurements, but now we're using
anatael: Our feet I want three that is an order of magnitude better and instantaneously just with the same data to get another today to would be improvement essentially your constraints by
anatael: A factor one negligible. Okay, of course, June and
anatael: Hyper care coming along. But these of course this kind of measurements are just keep on improving also doing a hyper case. So, as a matter of fact.
anatael: This is fundamental information for June for human hybrid and even for June as matter of fact now.
anatael: That then factors are so large. Now, if you consider the size that you can actually look at the sun, you can actually considered basically a son telescope and you can look at solar neutrinos again.
anatael: And this is basically what you could do. So what you see here is data, one, two, and 3213. This is basically today's knowledge is he can lend
anatael: Us he busy with solar neutrinos and this is the reactor three dot three which is licenses. Today's solution.
anatael: Now very soon. Julius going to come along and he's going to make such a precise measurement and to and to
anatael: That you can see that is going to improve in these level by almost an order of 90 that already told you about.
anatael: But now what would happen if we have super show. Well, first thing is that we would have slides. These even better with the dawn three by an order of magnitude.
anatael: And it turns out our preliminary calculations and not showing. By the way, I can explain it later on we can actually mentioned with the solar basically of the level of that level and detector is big enough. Thank you dance.
anatael: On the level. And we can actually make a competitive competitive measurement we do know, but this is neutrinos and normally neutrinos. These imply CPT
anatael: invariance can be probed directly or indirectly, but they're actually not assume anymore. So this is the meaning that we can consider we can consider the wall best measurements in see that one, three and build them square
anatael: One of the warmest measurement definitely for neutrinos in fetal onto we are really starting the square. It's not very easy because actually, there is no distortion. When you use so many trainers.
anatael: See CPT and variants basically tested directly unit already tested directly supernova neutrinos anti nutrients and everything.
anatael: Product a is actually also can be tested. And I'll show you in one second.
anatael: And so that is a quite a menu and this just keeps on growing as a matter of fact. So this is our preliminary studies and super short. Now,
anatael: Before I basically stopped. I like to basically give you a little bit of a teaser of what liquid could do
anatael: If you actually go to even GV nutrient interactions. So this is an anti neutrino.
anatael: Newly so you get a possible essentially and you get a neutron. So you can actually see all that you can see the beautiful track essentially of your bio in the production. This is a charge controller actually essentially
anatael: You can see the powerful basically electromagnetic information. You can see basically these are high energy gamma is included from your lead.
anatael: Interaction. If you monetize it. You would see that these bands. Basically, up and down, you actually see the tracking part of the electromagnetic showers. You can actually basically see this time, just because of that.
anatael: These hello basically stones gamma is low energy staff that if you see that they want any level imagine when you have one GV
anatael: Now you can actually basically see the director has a large basically load set. So this is why the events are huge, enormous, these are basically three meters almost when an event is internally.
anatael: And you can see that they stop immune that is going to go on from there by my nose. So you can actually talk design of that without the need of evil magnetic field. So you get Michelle electron omission positron. And you can do that.
anatael: But also you can measure, even the energy of the neutron they'll go neutral, which is fundamental to understand the interactions is actually have these particles of these neutrino.
anatael: And this is fundamental to understand the energy of the neutrino. Not just the energy VC analogy but the energy, the energy. No, I don't understand the type of interaction that actually happens because sometimes that is not just
anatael: So charged current interaction. The story was the last six, but there could be other interactions going on. So you can actually measure the new joining these is giving you the energy of the neutron
anatael: Duty cycle because this is working at the speed of light.
anatael: And this implies is interesting to get the color imagery to the permission level in terms of basically the stochastic term, of course, you have to control the
anatael: Stochastic terms, but this is something I know the discussion for later. So what you can see is that the credo with liquid ventilator.
anatael: actually able to provide information at the level of liquid are going to PCs, but Nick will dive into PC is because our greens. Nobody good for new Jones cannot
anatael: Actually very well. So actually, even you can do, then you drums and you have a target with carbon and you have a target with hydrogen which is actually something the holy grail for interaction people
anatael: I mean looking into that from the other directors. So clearly you can see that liquid or would be able to provide you some beautiful information.
anatael: I mean, of that level. This could be atmospheric neutrinos and imagine what you get if you get a broken the game. So this is the channel super K
anatael: By you by zero, you can see just by hunt that is interaction. These that Michelle. The sorry the electron positron management shower. And essentially, you can see that you can identify is included indicate with your finger.
anatael: Okay, just to basically wrap up and they're going to go into the details, you can see the possible impact of super show would be enormous. And it would improve the simulator and three that would improve CB violation.
anatael: And also tests unitary, but I don't have time to go into the details. My apologies. I wouldn't really be beyond the time
anatael: So indeed, I mean, super show is still a question mark that we are considering heavily here and it appears so far to be a sign opportunity that more and more seem to be even better actually
anatael: We're looking to that. So these was our visit last month actually working with EDF and saying, here's where these our team. As a matter of fact.
anatael: Actually already exploring and discussing with EDF, we actually in the process of negotiating the possibility of using recycling essentially that side. So this is actually looking something very exciting. As of now, so
anatael: New changes back to Europe, we don't know yet, but we hope so. And that's the end of my seminar. Thank you very much. So I hope I've convinced you that reactive trainers remain
anatael: An absolutely beautiful and fundamental tool to continue to explorations and great on on the translations for today and for the future.
anatael: And I think liquid would be particularly basically the key to basically empowered that not only the grab the neutrino way.
anatael: But putting surely will be young and of course we continue working with liquid or the Iran deal associated to that to make sure that this works as expected, I stop here. Thank you very much. And my apologies for the legal really
Ivana Hristova: That's fine, that's fine. And I tell. Thank you very much for this new and very exciting research, I will pause the recording and then restart it for the questions.