STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, today, I'm going to talk about the launch demos during the post that's coming up with you.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I've been, humanity guys since my PhD project, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: engaging, one-on-one, you know, experiments.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Today, the story I would like to tell is basically, to summarize what we have learned from the burnout experiment, and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You know, since the publication of the final result last year, I've been trying to kind of, exchange, some ideas within the community to try to figure out what we can do in the next step, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There's going to be some ideas about the, next generation, based on the ideas that I will be shared.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: with you today.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, so this is part of the story. We start very basically from this G factor.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, first input, this is the gyromagnetic ratio, which relates a hydro's magnetic moment to its spin.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we know if the measured particle, which has a magnetic moment in the magnetic field, puts its particle in the magnetic field, and if the moment is not aligned with the field, it's going to process.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This magnetic momentum comes intrinsically from its spin, and the G-factor relates its spin to the moment.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: From the Dirac equation, we know that these G-factors should be exactly 2 for the elementary fermioms, like, electron, muon, and tau.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is direct, muon interaction in the electrolymagnet field, so this tree-level coupling.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But later on, we know there's a higher order effect we call, sort of, the virtual particles, so they appear and disappear. For example, Mu could emit
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: one particle, virtual particle, and it can get absorbed by the emulator. So these virtual particles force this G-fact… affects this G factor, and makes it de-ed from the tooth.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Any kind of, these virtual particles could be within the standard mode of the particle physics, or any new physics particles that is on the balls.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is the basic picture that we are trying to measure the G-factor and use it as a prop to any new abilities beyond the standard model.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This trifecta was firstly measured in 1948.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: at that time, it was for the G factor for the electron, and we do find out there's a slight deviation of this G-factor from 2.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You see?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Apes… a tiny deviation, but in kind of a very precise level, so people start to think.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: About, any reasons for this division from 2, and the Schwinger was the one
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Firstly calculated this higher all the QED impact, so in the true level, sorry, in the first, loop level, when there's a single
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Virtual photon.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in it and be observed by the neuron. So this was the first order impact which gives, G slightly above 2.4 electron. And you can see it can be calculated very precisely, so alpha over 2 pi.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And it's independent of the photon mass, so it's the same for electron mu and tau.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Nowadays, we know this is a great triumph, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it has been back to then, in history. It was,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The milestone, or a critical step in the development of the treaty.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You can see this was also, engraved on the gravestone of, showing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And later on, we know, as the… both experiment and the theory, especially the establishment of the standard model, we know there are more interactions, not only QED, but also the other interactions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, we define this magnetic anomaly. So, this is G minus 2.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The reason is that we basically factor out the constant 2 that we know, and focus on these small deviations.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, not only QED, but also now we know electric weak and, more complicated QCD processes, such as the heavy, hydronic vacant polarization and hydraulic.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: All of these interactions would contribute to the, these G minus 2 values.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, now we know in the skeleton model, though, it contributes from, I mean, all electricity, electricity contributes to the standard model.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And another point I want to highlight here is that you see that this K minus 2 can be very precisely calculated from each final diagram.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this, value is not model-dependent, as some of the physics observed projects see. They can also be measured very precisely. For example, the, radius of the proton, but somehow they could be model-dependent.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In this case, each very precise standard model Family diagrams we can calculate, well, in principle analytically, or in the other ways, like the perturbative theory.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: To calculate its contribution to the standard model.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that we can compare this one to, the theory predictions to the experimental measurements, and try to find a deviation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This has been,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: evolution since, you know, 1957, when there was first the human measurement for muon. Actually, Liverpool was one of the locations that contributed to that, and the precision has been…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Up, down to currently 0.1 parts per million, so 10 times the minus 6.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, on the other hand, in comparable theory also progress. So this is kind of an interaction, you know.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Sometimes theory performs better than the experiment, so that it triggers a higher precision measurement.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the feedback from the measurement in a very high precision also motivates theory to include more precise calculations.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is the G-2, and the principle is simple, you know, if the standard model is correctly predicted, and if the theory match the experiment, then, it can help to lure out a lot of, theta experimental mo- theory models.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But if the standard model is incorrectly predicted, then we don't quit, then this is a hint of a new physics. So it opens a lot of, possibilities for building up observed models.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Finally, why we are interested in the dramatic of the muon, not, for example, electrons, because, let's say, both electron muons can be measured and calculated to very high precision.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The thing is, the sensitivity to the new fitting scale is, proportional to the mass, one of the, sorry, the mass ratio scale.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this mass could be electron or could linear, and we know this…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: muon is about 200 times happier than the electron, so the sensitivity
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to the new physics particles is about 40 seconds for the muon, higher than the electron. This makes muon a better prop for the new physics, even if the electron GMIS2 can be measured even more precisely.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You see, I think it was,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, this could be a slightly outdated, citation, but, I think it was to 2020 year.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Or so, and electron G minus 2 was measured again and covered to a very high precision to, PPP, to, 0.24 PBB level.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I was gonna say this is one of the most precisely measured particle physics observables, but I just checked a few hours ago with ChatGPD, and they told me that it is the most precise physics observable.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, let's say, electron German space is measured very precisely, and if you see,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the muonge minus 2 is less precise, but still.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's only, like, 2,000 types.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: less precise than the electron-ge. The mass factor here is 40,000, so still, muonge 2 beats electron as a better prop to the new physics particles. And, even any difference between the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: current, experiment and theory, so the, Zetta A mu, if we take the value of 2.5 times to, minus…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: night, this will correspond into a new fixed prop scale up to 100 TB. So this is a quite wide range, even beyond the current KIDA limit, which is roughly, let's say, a few TB for the LGC.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, this is a way that we use the precise measurement to probe a higher… even a higher energy scale for the new particle physics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So these are some examples of, these, new physics models and their corresponding, mass branch.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Actually, I think this slide, some of these values should be updated, because after the final publication of the firm documents, I think, some range here should be, again, be updated, or even rolled out.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But, this is just a few illustrations to show that, by using the neutralized tool, we do have a lot of theory models that can be…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, this is the basic principle, and, I'll use a few slides just to introduce the progression of the theory and the experiment we thought.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The story started from, let's say, Brookhaven, after Brookhaven, you know, Germany's revolt in 2021, when there was a difference between the experiment and the CRB.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: At that time, let's say, it was about 3 or 4 sigma. It was tempting, so that's why, you know, people started to think about the next experiment, possibly act further.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And you see, at that time here, we also have been very nicely converging, although this was actually, let's say, one approach at that time, but there are different groups providing different results.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And that converges in 2020, when the Siri Initiative provided a benchmark for, let's say, G-minus official G-minus theory prediction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then we know, starting from 2021, FirmLab has provided, three times, publicating, three results.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We call round 1, routes 3, and 4, 5, 6, accumulating at, 2025, the Fermap results, up to 0.1…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: PPM precision. You see this error bar has been really, really reduced, and all these different results are quite consistent with each other.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: On the other hand, there's significant progress on the theory, but the situation's a bit messed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, one approach we call a data-driven approach for calculating hydronic vacuum polarization. There are several…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I will explain why there are several, these, different approaches from different, let's say, clients. But you see, for example.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: At that time, the Chloe and the R showed kind of some tensions previously. That was the dominant issue that, you know, theorist was trying to understand.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But later on, after, I think right after, for my role on publication, since 2021,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: there were two things that actually shaped the confidence of the series landscape. One is we call the 73, the other is the BMW 20. So this BMW operation in a blue color, this was the first largest population that,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Whose precision matches.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: A green habit approach.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that was, you know.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I think, publication, from the Nature was right after, I think, the same day, or one day, right after the wrong one publication from the lab. The lab story made a kind of a worldwide news.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, the CMP3 was actually in 2023.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we call kind of a February surprise, because, this was done by, experimentalists from the CMD3 collider, well, spectroscopy, in a collider at Novice Bursk.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, Filno was actually the author who made these results. So, you see, this result is very different from all the previous green-colored dots.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So it was really a big surprise to the community.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And I still remember, so this was a photo taken around that time, because Fyodoro…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: joined Liverpool right after he finished at least CMD3 analysis. So, he joined, Liverpool in our team in…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I think January 2023 or some… some… somewhere. So that was the first time where he joined, and we had the, you know, launch in Liverpool.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So… this one was a hint, and here, this one was my boss, for example.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: He was moving, but, I guess he was a bit frustrated, because,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: he used to be the author or the main analyzer for the Chloe analysis, and this Chloe was one of the, you know, points that is very far away from
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The experiment, and also sandy soup.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And he was also kind of… he was also the spokesperson of the FirmLab analysis at that time. So, basically, he contributed to this point and this point, and they are quite, different.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, yeah, now it's just our edit time.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Later on, up to today, there has been major progress, not only the VMW, but also other Lattice groups, who also provide a comparable precision using the Lattice QCXL.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that, made the CRA initiative to publicate an updated result in 2025. So these results…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's purely from the largest approach, so all the blue dots we have, and completely ignores the green data-driven results.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: One reason is apparently because people do not know how to deal with the CMD3, how to combine. It's basically impossible to combine these CMD3 points with all the other
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: previous jobs. So this is still…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: On the discussion, and, to be honest.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the theory… theoristic needs to understand what's going on, why they caused this difference, before they can converge a better green…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: points from this data GP approach.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, I'll use a few slides very quickly to introduce these two approaches.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In the series. Of course, then, actually, after, I mean, in recent few months, they also updated, results from the bar.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and also the, BMW version. So you see these, points are now…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Another layer, and it's not a very good agreement between all of these two other folks.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, this data-driven approach has been a long-standing recipe.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The point is, in order to calculate especially the QCD contribution to the, G-2,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Which means the module form creates the hydronic bubble before it gets absorbed by the mill again. To calculate this hydraulic bubble, one way is to use the optical theorem. So the imaginary part is proportional to a cross-section.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This can be illustrated simply if we do, you know, kind of, look at this bubble, and if we cut this bubble in the middle.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this becomes a virtual portal, goes to, let's say, Pipe Plus pipelines, or other hard drives. So this could be, on the right-hand side as well.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And if we…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: put this cyber at another two outer, legs of E plus E minus. This could be, you know, exactly what we have tried to measure in the collider, so E plus minus, pi pi, all the other hydronic processes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that's the relationship.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And we can further relate these cross-section.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: by the dispersion theory, so that the G minus 2 in a hydronic contribution can be related directly to the experimental measurement.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: of, all the cross-sections of E plus E minus the hydros. So that's why, actually, the theorists, when they calculate the G-minus 2, they will need experimental input.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, this is particularly important for QCD, because in the other contributions, such as QED, it's possible to use analytical way to calculate a very high precision.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But in a QCD, especially at the low energy level, the productivity theory cannot be used. So this is… this was the best way. We call it data-driven approach.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to plug in experiment data to help with calculating the CRV contribution in the hydron section.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And that's why, you know, in the low energy range, we see a different contribution from all the channels, and E plus E minus to pii was the dominant one. You see the contribution here. This was the dominant one.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, as you know, there are many collectors worldwide trying to measure, this low-energy channel.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that's why the… all the green colored points you see, they came from different colors, large chiders.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Such as the CMD, or SND from the West Bersque, or Chloe in Italy, Frascati, or Babar, or Best.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: All these can provide the measurement, and there are many different results, up to 2023. That was the latest one, CM3.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In the CMD, they updated detectors, so CMD3 is actually very, let's say, completely new from the CMD2, but I think, they will still need to explain why CMD2 is very different from CMD3.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But anyway, this was…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: has always been the recipe for theories to use this approach to calculate, English theory.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then, recently, I mean, recently, yes, the largest approach emerges. These…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I think thanks to, I would say, mostly, very high, performance of the, let's say, computing resources, the… also, the advance on the community techniques, a lot of these approaches reached the comparable precision.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Since 2021, this BMW result. And since then, they have Continues to improve the precision.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And since we do find the difference between these two approaches, now they are also trying to check in the different lattice scale windows, because in the lattice calculation, they do separate
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Short distance, immediate distance, or long distance in the largest grid, this nuclear window, to calculate different contributions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, what series are doing now is to trying to separate these different windows, and for each window, they can compare some intermediate step to the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: data-driven approach. For example,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Here is the description of the CMD3, results in a particular raw mass region, which you see, is very different from all the others, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The community is trying to understand what's going on here. Probably it's related to the Monte Carlo generators, and there's going to be new input, from Baba, or Chloe, or the other colleagues also.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But still, the, data-driven approach needs a clarification, and on the other hand, the lattice approach is progressing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And could possibly take this hydrogen downside down to the 0.1%, which corresponding to a similar precision for the G-2 in the same model, though.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in a comparable position to experiment. Because, you see, if now, the CRE prediction is still slightly,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this one, or this one, they are still larger than the experimental average. But in the next few years, when the latkes continue to improve the precision, they could be
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Down to the similar level to the experiment. And that would trigger for the need for the next generation measurements.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, this is the current picture. So, when, you know, series advancing, and now this, as of now, there's no experiment approved today that aims to surpass the formula
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: record precision. So, I think it's a time now for us to start, thinking about the next generation Gemma Institute experiment ideas.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, in the next few slides, I will try to talk about,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: these ideas. First of all, we start from some lessons learned from that. So, how, from that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the measurement, and what's the limitations from the FirmLab. So, I'm not going to cover all the detailed aspects from FirmLab expert. There are many, but I'll only try breaking the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: a few points that I feel important for the discussion of the next generation experimental ideas.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, the basic principle from the measurement is simple. If we put the new A magnetic field, we know this spin precession frequency omega S, and if it rotates in orbit, it also has a cyberfront frequency omega C.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In terms of relativity, we do need this pharma factor in on gas and on-gasy, so you see these two frequencies.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Basically, you see that the spin rotates, so only the S slides ahead of the moment as we are holding.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Actually, I still remember that Chris asked me back to NewFact workshop last year why we can't, you know, directly use MuSR to measure G minus 2. You see, if we do MuXR, that's directly only omega S, there's no omega C.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, only omega means it's going to be a G factor, not a G minus 2.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, the MOSR frequency is Q, not G for the omega S, so it's related to G, not G minus 2.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is going to be less precise. It's actually a lot more, precise frequency.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And here, what's from Lab, It is basically factored out Peace.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: G, sorry, back out 2 from the G, so create G minus 2. And that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: To do that, we need to manually create a orbit, so omega C.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And only if we, subtract omega Sea, this frequent, from home gas, we can create the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the frequency that is related directly to 8 mu, so G minus 2. So that's why we need the frequency differences, rather than pure…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: only gas. So that's why we need to put them in your nuts,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Let's say, in the lab frame, but we need to let the neon rotate.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to create omega-C manually, and then we can relate the difference of the frequency to Amex.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, also this…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: would be impossible if the muon had to know these interesting properties. So this is also critical, because the muons
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We know they are polarized, so we know the direction of this thing when the mu enters the ring. That's also important. Otherwise, we don't know. It's impossible for us to know the difference between the two vectors. We need to know its direction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And also, the decay.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Of the muon is self-analyzing to its spin direction, so the electrons in front of muon decays.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: prefers to emit in its swing direction, so that by detecting electrons, we are able to know the swing direction. These are also important factors that,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: makes these GMID and zoom measurement possible.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is, very basic.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Recipe. So basically, we… if we measure omega A, the frequency, and, the B field that, the external B field that we put, in the lab, then we can extract the GMIC2. That's it.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, for omega A, we detect the electrons from the mirror decay, and by fitting this wiggle plot.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we can get the frequency. Omega.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And to measure a B field, we need a very, precise technique, such as ANR. So basically,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We kind of put the proposal.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in the water and measure its spin, omega p. So basically, the magnetic field
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: To measure the magnetic field, we also need to relate this field to another frequency, which is the proton precession frequency unhappy.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, eventually, to extract the G-2, we need two frequencies. Y is omega A, the other is omega B.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that we can extract a…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is the basic principle. Of course, in the real world, things are slightly complicated, because all the previous formula assumes that, you know.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the mirror motion is, in the plane, but when you know, in the real world, the motion is never going to be perfect. It's nearly final, and moment is nearly ideal one. So, this brings additional, corrections.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is a full formula, and we need to remove.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: List terms and list terms that we do not want, and leave only the AMI approach master here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: To do that, so the momentum needs to be in the plane, so the vector, beta vector, should be perpendicular to the V field.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And also with that, the other important one is when you need… when we do have electric field from electric water poles, so this beta cross E is very problematic.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But we do find that if we choose a certain gamma factor, this can be canceled. So, we roughly know the Ame, right? And we can calculate corresponding gamma, which is, you know, about 3 GV of a C for the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This has been called Magic Gamma, and this technique has been used since CERN experiment back to 1970.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, exciting.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In some ways, yes, I've been lucky, because the magic gamma for MION is exactly around 3G EOSC, which is feasible for most of the MEO facilities, high-engine facilities. Otherwise, it is 30 GE or even higher. It's…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Impossible for us to do this measurement, because this is going to be a dominant source and, you know, completely destroy the enemy of return.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so, because of these crap, well.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I mean, ideally, if, you know, for example, it's exactly 3.9 o94 GV, this kind of would be very precisely cancer. But we know in the real world, you know, it's more than spread, right? Let's say 2% or 10%, so, you know, can…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Not all meals are perfectly seated in this energy, so there's going to be some kind of fraction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: From this code.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And also, if muon has a slight pitch angle, so if, for example, the moment is not exactly perpendicular to the field, this also caused the muons to, wobble in the virtual direction. So these…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: has been taken into account in report corrections from being dynamics. So CE is the EQ correction, CP is the pitch correction, and there are other few corruptions, such as the time-dependent one.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For the B field, we also need some correction from the magnetic field transfer. For example, kicker introduced additional magnetic that disturbs the main field, and also electrical drop holes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, the entire analysis in the firm lab has been, you know, grouped into several aspects, such as the omega A and omega P, and beam dynamics. Each needs a lot of work, so it takes, you know.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It took, really a few… many years for us to reach a final precision.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And also, you see there's, external input from these, concepts, such as the real mass, but they have been measured very precisely to, let's say, 20 dB or something, so we don't need to worry about them for now, but we need to explain a little bit later for the next generation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that's all I want to say about Fernlab, experiment for now. And,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is the statistics. You see, we start data-taking and publicate the data in the three, time period.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And because the precision of A is proportional to 1 over square root of… see, see, that's why we need almost 20 times of the Brookhaven statistics to reach only, let's say, 4 times
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: More precise than the full table results, because of this, urban city in this world.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And in the systematic-wise, you see this is the final uncertainty table.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The point here I just want to say is, you see, most of these systematic sources, they are quite…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Even with distributed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: at the final firm demand check. So this means there's, not, let's say, very dominant source we can deal with to make a big improvement.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And that also means further improvement based on the phone lab measurement, will require to reduce the system analytics in any categories, which is difficult.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But we do can think about some interactions. For example, this 27 kV being a beam dynamic section of electric field, and also the B cube here, the transient S cube. These are all…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Due to the existence of electric field. So, that's one way that if we can migrate or mitigate the impact from the E-field.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We can probably try to reduce, more than one
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Are certain sources from this table.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, starting from here, let's talk about, some possibilities. How might we do better, given, let's say, the current format setups?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is, kind of the, the, the precision, formula.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the omega A relative position of omega A is proportional to one over these factors, including the pharma, so the energy of the muon, B field, the polarization of the muon, and the number of muons.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: First one is,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Let's say, if there's a possibility we can have more meals. So, but we… but keep in mind, this N is inside the store group, so, the increase would be not,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: as efficient as others, but let's say…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You see, one, point is that, currently, FirmLab only uses 2% of all incoming muons that FirmLab, accelerator provides us, because of, the, very wide range of the, muon, momentum.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For the incoming murals. And because of this matched moment and condition, we need only the neuros at 3.094 GEV. So the acceptance is really limited.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You see all these neurons.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: From that, we only store very, small parts, into our experimental region.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, let's say if, by any chance, we can have a better new beam with a mono energy, axis 3 GE, all the other energies we want.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For example, there's a lot of it has no brain.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This would release this acceptance and, you know, increase the total number of neurons by a lot. And also, if we can do, for example, a better quality of the neural bit, that also helps to get smaller, some systematic green dynamics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Another point is, you look at the current boundary structure from the Fermap, accelerator. I mean, this is mostly inherited from the proton structure, so we have, two…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: executive group of functions, and each has,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Well, let's say in total, 11 hours operation. It's 1 mile per second to take.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is good, actually, even better than Blue Cable, but let's say, let's imagine the ideal case. What would be ideal case? So, we don't want, you know, many incomes at the same time.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's better to have those neurons spread uniformly into each small bunches, and for each bunch.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We have enough time to finish the measurement before we have the case.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, we inject a group of mules.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: measure its oxalation until decays after, 70 microseconds, that's a lifetime.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: then another function comes in. That's better, because then we can, do a better, higher fractions, because if now there's more mirrors coming at the same time, this causes a problem for the detector pi-up, right?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If those meals can be even more uniformly distributed in small batches, that also helps.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: All of this would be a very limited for the improvement, because this is most of the,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's how it wisely.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There are other, factors we can also think about. One is a higher gamma factor. You see, this could be really useful.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But, again, this is limited now due to the magic moment condition. We have to choose new at the 3GE, but let's say, just in case, if we can go away from the magic moment, go to an even higher gamma would also help to increase the precision, right?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the B field. This would, you know, lead to a compact solid. Now Fortnab has 1.5 Tesla with a big ring of 40 meter diameter. Let's say if we do a drastic improvement, that's a factor of 10.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That would be 15%. I know it's very complicated, or it may be possible, but that could mean a very small diameter of the Leon orbit with only one point, even if we still go to match momentum.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In this case, there are many challenges. One of them is the boundary weight.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, as I mentioned.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For each of the bunch, you know, inject into the storage ring, we need the storage finished, so the cyclotron period should be larger than the bunch rate.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, before the first mules finish the one loop.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: all the meals in this bunch should be fully injected into the storage room. And we know the current limit from the accelerator
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: is around the 100 nanoseconds, or maybe we can do a few tenths nanoseconds, but let's say if
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the, magnetic field is increased by a factor of 10. That could mean, you know, 10 nanoseconds, or in this case, 15 nanoseconds, the cybertron period. That makes this injection impossible.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If we cannot fully inject all the muons before, you know, the first muon finishes its first cycle combined, that would be a disaster. So, the ring is going to be 4 per muons, and we don't know which, spin direction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: at that location that we are starting to give us. So that's another, problem, technically.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So all these factors we need to think about, but we do find there's a way to try to increase
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The statistics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, a short summary of what we have discussed now.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I would say it all comes down to this matched momentum this year. I mean…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There is no doubt it used to be a miracle since the CERN experiments in the 1970s, and greatly helped increase the precision. But now this metric momentum seems to be becoming a limiting factor for
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We'll see mill numbers and operating higher energy. And even for higher B field, because if the high energy is needed, then, to reach a reasonable cycle period, they will have to increase the high to the high energy to accommodate the higher B field, right?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, all these factors are actually related to this matched momentum constraint.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In the principle we just talked about.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so this is the… this was the, statistical-wise, some improvement we can think of, and there are systematic-wise we can try to improve.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This mostly, I mean, some of these has been implemented, actually, in the FirmLab experiment, because you might know that FirmLab actually used the same magnetic ring from the brew cater 20 years ago.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Based on this same ring, we do have implemented a lot of improvements in the detectors, in the field calibrations, etc. So these are just a few examples.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Probably, I should say, also mention that the point is, you know, we measure the decay positrons.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For omega A. So, in the nominator, the omega A-wise, this is the more statistical-wise, which increase the number of muons, therefore number of decay electrons.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But for the magnetic field measurement.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is more a systematic improvement thing. We don't need to, you know, accumulate more statistics, but we need higher techniques. All the other field calibration.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: techniques help us to measure the B field more precisely. So, many of these are related to the field measurement.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, there has to be a review article, actually, right before Christmas.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: By David Turns up. He was a very, cool person from, I mean, he's, from the University of Washington. He's really, core person, you know, for lab team, so he, in this article, he summarized the importance, or possible improvements.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That could help
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the firm lab setup go beyond the current 124 BDB. In his context, he mostly discussed about the systematic improvement. A detective is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in a few calibration settings, so if you are interested, I would recommend to have a look at this article for more information for the systematics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Finally, another limitation, let's say.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Not, of great importance, but still, we should be aware of that, front lab only measures positive words.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: To very high precision. But, back to 20 years ago, through the accuracy measure both positive and negative neuros. It was a really shame that Fermap has no time to measure the negative neurons. We do try to get more beam time, but, Fermap said, no, we need to switch to new 2E, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the GMIS2 experiment has been wired out right now.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You see that, by comparing positive neurons, we gain some additional physics group.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Especially in the CPT test, there's a charge parity time, violation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Would, possibly related to neophysics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Brookhaven, at that time used both positive and negative, GMIS2 data. They can constrain a lot of,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: parameters in the lymphatics models, such as the standard model extension.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And actually, all this…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: numbers are currently still limited by the Brooklyn and GMI Institute, many of them, because of, the fact that, say, FirmLab is not able to provide the negative measurement.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Maybe also, I mean, many of you know that, the intensity of selecting meal is, smaller than the plastic meal. So that's the most important reason that, for example, prioritize the prostate meal.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's the, you know, the reason down to the generation level.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But, it was really a shame, that, it, Provides only positive reaction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And another new Japanese experiment you might, have heard of is an idea in Japan.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is a completely different method.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's still under construction, it's not taking data yet.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This experiment uses very new… many new technologies, such as the muon cooling, to create, high-quality muon beads before the muon gets injected into the storage.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: into a 3D spiral wave, so that's because of a very compact radius, they have to a 3D spiral wave, otherwise the chance would be more drastic.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, by mirror cooling, the low impedance beam can be created, so that… because this mirror beam is very high quality, so there's no need for the electric field to help to forecast the beam.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In Fernab, this is necessary, because without in-built, there's no vertical focusing, so Mia being just dispersed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Gone before we can look and detect the dimension.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But in this case, it's possible, so that, you see, if there's no field… no electric field in the storage, there's no need
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to keep this matched momentum straight. So that's one, you know, idea.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So they make it possible.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, in principle, this experiment can measure, you know, at any momentum we like.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: However…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: After cooling, you see the energy of the mule is very low, 25 millie electrov, so we need to put additional effort to accelerate, re-accelerate mules.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And that caused a lot.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's why, you know, in JPOC, they can only do the 3 acceleration to 290 dB, so it is still far from 3GE, right? Putting that with 3GE.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, unfortunately, it only accelerates, you know, up to a few hundred NPD, so this is not good. If you remember, we see this precision is proportional to 1 over gamma.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, the higher gamma, the better precision, but now this is only 200m. So that's why, actually, it caused the J-pod
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Experiment, too.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it needs to take a lot of more muons to reach even the similar precision to the brick heighten level. You see, the precision for the Phase 1 of the JPARB is only 0.46 BBM, and remember, if the front gap is 0.12BM.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, heck and four.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And another point is, in this case, the cooling method is done by ionization of the muon, so the positive mules need to be injected into the material.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: form, mu plus E minus aton.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this atom to be further ionized by the laser. So, a laser helps to kick out the electron to make the meal in a room temperature.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, we instantly realized that the negative mules cannot be pulled using this technique. Actually, this could be kind of of interest for muocolitan, but only part of the positive muon acceleration, not negative meals.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Socio basis.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: kind of a limitation for the JPOD experiment.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yes, I mean, I guess it's not good for me to say something very pessimistic, because I had my PhD for this experiment.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But, you know, I have to say, in terms of next-generation consideration.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the 200 MEV is not sufficient to reach, you know, a very good, you know, statistics, so this really makes a high-precision measurement difficult.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Unless, you know, let's say we can further using advanced techniques, to accelerate beyond to even higher energy, beyond 3 dB.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: then that could be, you know, considered, I would say, as being a next-generation experiment. But, you know…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: On the other hand, it's apparently a very good platform for technology development, because in this moment, there are a lot of new technologies. Cooling, acceleration, 3D spire injection, all these are
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: going to be a first time to being clear magazine here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Excellent.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And probably this is another lesson, you know. We can strip out this firm that was initiated in…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 2012 or 2013, so back to 10 years ago, you know, that precision of, .463 million may be still, you know, a good precision target, but now, after Fernab concludes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: its final precision, then, you know, this JPARC target come completely outdated, because if only we achieve 0.46 dBm, that's not very helpful.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: To clarify the cursive theory and experimental, mass.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, to do, kind of, next generation experiment, we need… really need to plan ahead. That's why I…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: sort of prefer to go even higher energy instead of, staying in the lower energy using, let's say, low energy meal sources, because here, JPAR uses the surface milk.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Which starts from low energy, but if we directly start from higher energy, a few G mLs, that could be even better.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so these are kind of, let's say, lessons learned from that, also from JPOC so far, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What we want to do for the next generation energy lines, too. First, the precision should match, or at least match, or surpass the precision. What do you want to get?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And we also created a new approach as an independent process, because Furlap spread… the FDAP approach has hit the Linux effect, because it's all about
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Also, if you think again for the current landscape, there's only one experimental measurement. That's it.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, in many senses, you know, not very satisfactory.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For example, in the RFGC, we have Atlas and CMS provide cross-checks to each other, and not always the result from CMS and Atlas would be very consistent. So this is important.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I mean, it's not a naive thing. We need to cross-check from another independent approach. I mean, I was involved… I was personally also in the FirmLab collaboration, but I mean, it's fair to say there could be kind of some intrinsic bias in the FirmLab approach.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: from Brookhaven to fund that, that, you know.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this common bias could, make, the current solely the experimental result bias. So we do need a cross track.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: At a very high position.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And if visible, we prefer negative meals for additional physics-rich meals.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, these have some ideas, so… Less has learned, yes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the point here is that, mainly we…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I need to think about relaxing this magic moment that's high energy. It really helps a lot in the statistical-wise and also the systematic spikes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And that could naturally point us to a normal focusing scheme.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Of course, we need sufficient statistics, such as high intensity GED scale, you know, source.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I guess due to limited time, I'll just, very briefly flash a few concepts here. I do prepare the many slides, but I guess I'll just flash them out here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: One is the hardwood focusing. So, in the front lab, it is only electric quadruple focusing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But if we extend this focusing, adding additional magnetic field quadropoles.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: then this could be, you know, compensate for the high-order effect, so they cancel each other. This has been also proposed by one, or actually two of our front lab colleagues.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In 2022 to trying to use as an upgrade version of the firmware, which I understood. But at least version.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We don't need to keep the magic momentum going, so it can be increasable for a higher, gamma factor to increase the statistical precision.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: They do have some studies in the optimizing, E field and B field index to find out the best concept.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But now, still, at this stage, this is ideal. We need to… for further study, for this scheme, we need, for example, bargain, reapping profiles, etc.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The other one is a so-called proton beam called magnetometer. So, in this case, you see, we do not use the fluorine magnet, but… so we can try to use a separate, segmented magnet.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the focusing scheme would be
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: from the edge focusing. So the edge field from a magnet can also help to focus the moving vertically.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It was still Chris, you know, we were talking about this actual business, so I was firstly asking questions back to me back to the earlier months ago, so that was the time.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, the edge focusing structure was firstly proposed by a British scientist, Francis Harley, who was also a senior member, the institute from Brooklyn. He passed away, I think, in 2018 or around 2019.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But he was the one who initially proposed this, but it has never been, you know, experimentally realized.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the other challenge for this is, the precise calibration of ad field.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: fields from the magnets, so that, he proposed that he used the polarizer proton to calibrate the field. So if the proton beams can go all a few loops here, that could directly
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you know, use the same precession of the proton to add in a polarimeter to measure, to calibrate the B field. They have to be even precise, even more precise.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For the detailed version.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I guess I'll skip all of these discussions, but, yeah, so I was trying to summarize all these points, and we actually, also tried to propose this kind of next-generation energy measurement.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We are aiming for, kind of, 3 times, improve… a factor of 3 improvement compared to the firm that I think… I mean, we think this is peaceful.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I was going to, introduce a bit more in another, newly constructed facility in China, which is a heavy iron…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: outside of the facility, which could potentially provide a comparable meal intensity to the firm map. I'll… I guess I'll skip some of this, but this is just to say we do try some studies
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: on the Moonbein simulations using this facility. It's still under commissioning, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It was, finished construction and starts the first beam commissioned last October, and the first new beam is expected later this year, actually.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, starting from there, we can also try to compare
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The precision requirement, and you see that, actually, the negative mules, in these facilities are actually comparable to the positive mules, or even higher under certain circumstances.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Because this is a heavy, ion that sourishes, so not only proton, but also other, heavy ions, so it can create a very different, neo-energy spectrum.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: With even upgrade, it can provide, even higher protein energy, up to 25 GEV in the next 10 or 20 years.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So with this higher energy proton, the new energy could be even higher up to, let's say, 20 GV. So that's really a good story, because currently, it's still, 1 to 5 GV, so around the 3 GE, so magic bump.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But later on, it could be up to higher energy and higher ground. So this could be, you know, really, a potential to improve the statistical precision a lot. So we have tried to compare the VMA intensity and possible precision.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and with a very high muon B, let's say 15 GB, eventually the statistical sensitivity won't be a problem at all. So this is going to be… this can be purely systematically limited.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, if we can really realize this version, it can, you know, help to improve a lot, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Asking some of these questions, but, yeah, let's actually say our final precision, we aim at 3, times higher than the, for example, precision.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Finally, some, yeah, physics technical synergies. I put some of these because, the proposal we are trying to put here is a segmented method.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: is actually… has many synergies. For example, a polarized proton is also necessary for EIC development.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And I also learned that, for example, one of the neutrino factory, idea, concepts in your store, also uses, probably several things, similar things, because, you know, if we store the middle beam in this ring.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and just stretch to make the linear part longer, then the muon decays and naturally provides some neutrino source. But of course, the intensity will be another factor to consider.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I would say this could be, kind of, some interesting signatures if we proceed with the development of exciting.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Basically, I mean, and I guess the final point is, I guess, you know, this idea, this design, is not necessarily limited to…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Facility for some health.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For example, if CERT is interested in this idea, I mean, we know that CERN can also provide up to 100 GE milest.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: although it's now centered at 150 GEV, which is really high, if it can come down to a few tenths GEV, then maybe we can also consider the next generation GMI to add a third or even from that core group table. You know, this is adaptable to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: facilities worldwide, I would say.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But anyway, I hope this could trigger some kind of, you know, new ideas or comments about it.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, finally, the summary.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This demonized puzzle has been over, you know, past 60 years, to, to increase or trigger both experiment and steer activities, and will continue to do so.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And I believe that there's no doubt, the current puzzle in theory will eventually be clarified and resolved. Then the time will come for the next generation minus theory. And you see, FirmLab initiated a proposal in
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 28, or… sorry, 2008 or 2009. So, it took more than 10 years up to now to finish programs, right?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: JPUB starts from 2012 or 2013, and now it's still under construction. So this is really a long-term effort for an experiment, from its initialization to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: To, to, to be completed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, this talk, I mean, even though I've tried to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you know, kind of push forward with these new proposed ideas, especially featuring some known focusing schemes, and I have to explain why I'm trying to do this. And we believe the target of, effect of 3 more precise and format is visible.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I struggled last night to find… tried to find some kind of impressive photo plot, but I didn't succeed, so this is a usual summary part of everything we have so far.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In the next few years, it will,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: certainly see improvement on the CRA, and hopefully, in the next 10, 20 years, we can see also some new experiments, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There's a quote from, Fred, Japan, that I liked very much.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thank you.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thank you very much for such a very nice homework. Yeah, no problem.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, yeah, we have time for questions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thanks.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If you go to the biggest, like… Just a summary, sir.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I mean, I've heard,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: A lot of people from Lattice consider themselves to be experimentalists. What are you considering? Them in the third block, or the experimental block?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I would not, say they are experiments, I guess. They are serious. I mean, the experiment, is really a lot. We have,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: let's say, 200 cupboards in Singapore Lab, and each with a lot of, internal activities. A lot is… I mean, of course, they are trying to incorporate some experiments, but,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I will see her, during the meetings, but also, everyone is, verifying.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: powerful computing resources, but it says here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We need some, you know,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: thoughts or input from, from, from physics, you know, in the theory. That's not, not, triple thing to, to make a high-precision computation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And it's very different from the experiment tactics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thanks.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You mentioned the hire upgrade proposal. Is that funded, or is that? What's the… I don't think it's funded. I guess, you know, the review company is going to see the results from phase one before they…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You know, can't give you that the full thought.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The good thing, I guess, is they have propelled, technically, the space for upgrade. So, the upgrade is going to be in the same ring. So currently, when I visit the tunnel there, they have a very big tunnel.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So currently, they only use half of the tunnel to have
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For the phase one, it's single ring here, and single ring there. But for upward, you just need to put another ring together. So the tunnel is… there's enough space in the tunnel.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's going to be the additional accessory components for this one. Okay, for Phase 2.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I had many questions, but during the talk, you answered many of them, so I think it's a very nice talk and reference
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to the slides. So, maybe I can ask, is that, is it possible that the neon…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the measurement of T-minus for the, you know, to exceed the measurement for the electron, which is currently, as you said, the best measured physics in quantum.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I would say it's very difficult, or in other ways, let's say the electron QB2 is really matches very precisely.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I guess I don't have the slides, but, the techniques are very different. So, the electron G-2 has been actually used in a completely different approach, called, Henning Champ. So, they basically…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Stored a single electron.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, an electron doesn't decay, so you can take your time to do an action. But meanwhile, in this case, you know, decay is…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to measure the wind turbines, we need to, you know, manually create or consider all the wind dynamics. That's, never been a problem for the electrical device. So we can do really good precision.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, well, if I remember correctly, I think the frequency measure is still the frequency measure, electronically. And because of this single particle padding trap, you can use a lot of techniques to improve the precision. Put some blades and certain on…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: possible for the immune system, so… Personally, I would still say, electron 2 minus 2 can be more precise.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But, I mean, we still have, 14,000…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And is there, an attempt to improve that measurement for E-minus? I'm not sure.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I guess the device is still there. I mean, the population was only a few years ago.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Sorry, I should have remand, but I think there's kind of a discrepancy from different,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So what is our approach for the account you might sort something related to, the… the… the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The, my structure calls things.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, I'll have to double-check, John, but I think this kind of a puzzle you have to…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That that needs to be resolved before the other bumps and other…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Also, also, there's a kind of a pulse there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's not interesting.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I don't see questions, and I don't see on Zoom. So we close the meeting, and we will have lunch.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thank you very much, everyone.