STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, we should get started. Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, welcome to today's seminar.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Here in the room and on Zoom. Let's introduce our speaker. Camille is, a post-op
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: postdoc, at Royal Holloway at London. His research focuses on
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the T2K Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiment, where he serves as a convener of the Neutrino Interaction Working Group.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: He's contributing to improvements in the modeling of neutrino interactions. He's also involved in T2K oscillation analysis, with a particular focus on the neo-detector, which plays a key role in reducing systematic uncertainty
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This, and enabling high-precision oscillation measurement.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Constraining these uncertainties using the near-detected agent was actually the central topic of his PhD, and we'll hear more about that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thanks for the interrupt.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thank you for that. So, I will be talking about… Sorry.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Alright, so we're talking about the bulky interactions and oscillations, so the topic of the seminary is a bit mouthful, but the nature of the first interaction, and then how this affects oscillation aligns.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I've been using, as the motivation for this work, the recent T2K Nova joint analysis, which was published in Nature previously. So you can see the measurement of the… one of the oscillation parameters from this particular experiment, and then we have the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to Harry, Nova, and Joanna, so just to reach this point, this took quite a long while, and so this is because of the spoiler alert, but…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I will try to focus on, like, multiple work going through, like, the interaction, because to reach that precision, we need to have very good control of the interaction. So we talk a lot about the interactions, and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And speaking about last added.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, I will start with the cleaners. So… Like, the… one of the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: interesting properties of neutrino is they're called neutrino oscillations. So, the basic idea of this property is that neutrino of one flavor, for example, new neutrino, can oscillate and change flavor, and call it to, for example, electronutrino or power neutrino.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, like, one of the properties you are maybe very interested in is the CP violation. So this equation, gives you probability of… it simplifies for the appearance terms. So the appearance means that you have different variability, so you can have
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: muon neutrino oscillating to electronutrino, or you can have the same thing for the N-asotino. So this equation have
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: several, theta angles, so they are, like, the… related to, like, this parameterization of oscillation, like, the Kness matrix.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You have also mass square defenses, and the very relevant part for this discussion is you have minus and plus sign, whether you have neutrinos or anti-neutrinos.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And in this part, you have this legacy fee, which is, yes, looking body. So…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The key part of this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If this JCP is zero, then we can imagine this whole time is reduced to zero, and in this way, the pina are oscillating the same equation the same. However, if this JCP is non-zero.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: then you can see that metronauts and the temperature will oscillate differently. Obviously, how much, how it becomes zero it is, then the difference is larger. So this is what we call CT violation, that metronauts and energy are oscillating differently.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this Yasuki Marianne has such form, like, a lot of, part of this matrix, but…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If we assume that we know the other parameters other than the delta CP, so the delta CP is the one really driving whether the CP is zero or not, then you can have time like this, like, 0 from 0 pattern, because it's not exactly a measure that we don't know exactly other angles, but
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's, like, handled it.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And you have this sine electricity. So the important part is that we've measured the absolute key value in the quark sector, in the CK matrix, and we know exactly where the quark sector. You can probably notice that the magnitude of the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: CP valuation in the core sector is much, much smaller than potentially what we can expect in anything of given current knowledge, because it is current knowledge of CP
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If we underfoot.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So Jesse, the big question that we are asking is, why do you have more matter than antimatter, which, like, to see the violation, and…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: one of the potential explanations is that this larger city biomachine in the electrose sector might be one of the driving factors for this biomarkon. The second important question for the neutrino acceleration would be mass ordering. So…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Because neutrino, we know that you have a mass, all the masses are small, and assuming there are 3 neutrino, there are 3 eigen mass eigen, say.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And we measure the… this solid mass, I guess, right? So we do know that the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: highest mass eigenstate is smaller than the second mass eigenstate. However, we don't know whether the third one is the largest of these models, so we can have normal ordering. In this normal ordering, we can have the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this time squared parameter that I presented in the first slide of my talk, and I will talk to you in the next slide.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: However, since we don't know exactly the mass ordering, it is also possible to have evaluated ordering. In this case, the credit mass, I can say, is the smallest. So this is, like, one of the motivations for such services.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the two experiments that I will be focusing in this talk are with T2K and NOVA, and you can see there's, like, quite a lot of symmetry there. So the T2K is based in Japan, where Nova is based in the US.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the general scheme of both experiments is quite similar.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So you have… either pay, you have a jelly product you pay for the Nova, and love.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So these are the accelerators. This is where our neutrinity is produced.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So in case of the Hawkeye, or the Nova, it's the love.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then, there are near the top, so you can see where it's up there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That is, like, a mere protector for the fetocaine, and then mere protector for Nova. They are conceptually, like, they are slightly different, obviously, but…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: They set up the same purpose, and I will talk more about this later, but the basic idea is that they are so close to the neutrino production, they can measure neutrinos deeper oscillation, so this is like the reference measurement, what we can expect from the neutrinos, and obviously this is where a lot of interaction studies and,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then there are fire detectors of particular systems right now, which is around 300 kilometers higher from the Lake Park, and for now, by… so you can see that there's schema experiments take place in that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the key part, of, we call it this long-bal limiting experiment, is that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we basically need only to measure neutrino energy to get that probability of oscillation. So, if you go back to this equation I created before, you have these theta angles, which are obviously
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: nature constant we are trying to measure. There is this delta times square and the CT, which, again, there are other parameters we are trying to measure, but they are nature's constant.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then there is this L over E. So L is basically the distance from the production of between not intend measurement. So this is well known, and for Nova is also well known.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the only thing that we, let's say, do not know on the event-on-event basis is this neutrino energy.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that's why we can describe internal probabilities simply as a function of internal energy. So once you know internal energy, you more or less can reconstruct this probability. So that sounds simple.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But it's not so simple, and obviously gene interaction is a huge part why it's not so simple. So let's move to the next part, how we can measure the gene.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, first of all, how actually eucinos are produced?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we cannot simply produce the monoanalyerptic primadine, that's the first problem we have. The way how we produce in the long bandit phenotypes, we usually have some
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: accelerators, which accelerate protons, and they hit some target, and then we have the hardened producers, for example, pions to kons. And you can see that these pions and kons, they can decay to some electrons and neutrinos. And…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now, one important observation is that, positively charged, pions or cations, produces neutrinos, while negatively charged anti-neutrinos, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's why usually we have some focusing,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: part of the, complex. So we can select to either focus positively charged particles or negatively charged particles, and this way, we can select whether we have neutrino, which is 0.11 or, CT violation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But because… and then there is, like, a lot of decay and beam dump and, like, other parts of the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This part of the complex is mainly focusing on removing the peptons and other particles, because neutrinos
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like, very unlikely to interact, so the nephinos should mostly come through a part of this focus, and then reach near detector and the part detector, so that's, like, one large part of this complexity for the fact. But the key part from this part is that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We have flux of the genomes and a spectrum of new genomes, which is mostly coming through the fact that they are coming from the decay of their secondary particle.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the flux is different for the Kenova. This, obviously, will take a large value data out of the top, but you can see that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We do not know exactly the energy of the genome, and then…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This, of course, causes a lot of problems online.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So how we can actually reconstruct between our energy and, like, generalism.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, if you look at this simple diagram, a final diagram, this shows you the interaction of neutrino with neutron, so this is the weak interaction with neutral quickly, and, like, the key observation that you should start with is that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like the left tongue, such left tongue will reproduce the neutral connection of the… if this was interacting of the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: mule neutrino.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then, in the final asset, we would have the UL later. If this was, like, vector machine or the lateral. So, identifying whether this is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: M1, lepton, this way we can identify whether this was, Google Tina was. So, you know, so this is, like, the first part of the problem, and the second part of the problem is how we can actually reconstruct
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: energy of this neutrino, so as I said, we cannot measure this neutron directly. However, we can try to reconstruct the energy using some
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: different metals.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Either, like, using this chat platform, or using some calorimetic energy, so we cannot measure directly, but we can try using the products of machine interaction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, so you can know about things differently. So, NOVA detector is using the simulation plastic detector. So you can see this is quite large, Nova part detector, which is,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 16 types, feedback.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this is, like, the huge inflation detector, so they are using the calorie metric.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, if you look at the example of this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You had some gene interaction, and you can see there is some…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: path, and then later part. So, what they are doing, they are trying to reconstruct the energy of the lepton, or the muon, and the hydronics. So the energy of the phenol is basically the sum of both. So, you know, obviously.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: there can be some missing energy due to some nuclear effects, etc, which, again, this is, like, why interaction will take place, but that's, like, one way to reconstruct nuclear energy. Obviously, this is assuming you have an etc.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the TK is doing something slightly different, and this is because the detection technology of the 2K department is different. The 2K is using,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to overcome the water challenge method, so if you look at this equation, like, the T2K can very well reconstruct the ring coming from this lepton, but for the T2K energies, this proton will be below parental threshold, so
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This proton will not produce parental thing, mainly
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Like, it will be no cement paper, so that's why TFA is using
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The formula which… there is assumption that there is, like, the too-bad interaction, and because we know that there is too bad interaction, we can try to play a game, and there are, like, there are several constants, so we more or less know what dramatically expect.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then there is some part of the nuclear model, so there's a renewable energy of binding energy. And then the part which is actually what we measure is the latrine model. So you have the electron energy, lepton cosine theta, and, like, the angle, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: D2K, and reconstruct
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: neutrino energy only using this latter part, assuming this is, like, the two-party process. So the idea situation, the bias, or, like, the differences between very frequent and B0,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But obviously, it's not. So this is the one part of the… like, the nutrient interaction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Because all of these interactions are happening in the nucleus. So the neutrino is interacting with the nucleon in the nucleus, and there are, like, the different emotions and, like, other types, which we need to have, like, good control of.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So because of this, our bias is not zero, it's something else.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that's why, E to help us.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And so I will be trying to build, sort of, diagram to show you, like, what are the different steps of simulating gene interactions. So I will be…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: expanding this diagram, but I'll start with this. So, this is supposed to represent your nuclear interaction. First is, like, the initial state. This is exactly what I've been discussing here. Maybe this is, like, some
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: motion of the nucleons inside a nucleus, but look at some point in the statistically, we have to take 50 pounds, and that is the planar approximation, and I will come back to this later, as this is, like, a quite important part, so appealing, but, I will come back later.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So again, like, to remind you, it's not so simple to measure neutrino energy, and let me go into more details about the modeling of interactions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, like, important part to understand is, so I discussed this initial state, but now I want to describe more about the actual weak interactions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this plot shows you the flex of P2K, and the crucial observation is that there are different types how to interact. So, this weak interaction on this
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: bulk.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this can be either CC or medicine, or this can be, like, the CC interaction with the single panel production, or some other processes. And you can see that the cross-section for these processes is obviously different, so for the T2K, we're thankfully dominated by this
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You get on that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The important part is…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that each of these models, like the real meso and I, gives a slightly different model, and there are, like, a different assumption goes into the modeling, but also, from the analysis point of view, because they have different models, you have different set of uncertainties. So we tried to go quickly,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: one by one, so, like, you get a better idea, okay, so the 60 meter meso, sometimes called CC2E for, charge current quality elasticity. This is the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: let's say, simplest interaction, so this is the one which I've been using before.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this two-body process, where you have the chocolate and the fun assay, and the single nucleon. So, probably the simplest topology from, like, the analytics point of view, and this is the main sitting on T2K, which you can see on this plot.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And also, this is, like, important in the context of how to, hey, reconstruct neutrino energy. But you can see that it can reliably reconstruct, use this deconstruction method, because this is the domino type.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The second one, again, I'm using ketocryphlet, I will show no attacks later, so this is the CC1 pi glass, sometimes resonance. So this is happening for the high resolution.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Like, mutine on average, have higher energy.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, this process, you usually have some…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: resonance, like, particulate delta, and then this delta resonance K to the ion and neutron. So, obviously, from the analysis point of view, this produces more complex finals say topology, and there's, like, a lot of problems in how to model this delta and K and the delta application, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The next channel, and the last which I would, like, focus from this talk, is the CCR dev. It's, sometimes called EIS for Reading Assets Hattering.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is happening for the much higher energies, this is because, because of this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Much higher energies, so they're actually probably the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for extractions, you have a lot of atomization and a lot of carbon being produced, other nutrients. So this channel is usually considered the background for proper experiments, and it's usually difficult because you can have, like, very diverse final statements of this atomization model.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Obviously, the picture is much more complex, so again, I'm still discussing this with interaction part in this diagram.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Because you are still inside, nucleos, so there might be some type of correlation, so, like.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you have… you can know which is interaction with this nucleon, but this nucleon can be correlated with some potential. So then, once you eject this nucleon, because you might also have this interaction, or correlation with other, you might actually,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: ejected two nucleons, even though this, you know was interacting with every single nucleon. So this is what we call two particles to whole, or some… sometimes sort of range correlation, like, there are different names for this, but the point is, because all of these interactions happen in the nucleus.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There are correlations, so you might have more nucleons ejected there in this, like, backpack.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like, the weekly interactions, but… and obviously.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: less likely, but still, I think we're trying to simulate, you can have actually more complex correlations, so rather than two particles being… two nucleons being detected, we can have three nucleons ejected from the nucleus.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So now, I want to look in the simulation, like, one step further. So, we already simulated our initial state.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What I do.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We already stimulate the weak interaction of the phenol.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But these interactions, again, they happen in the nucleus, so the particles are still inside the nucleus. So this is what we call finite interactions. So if we go to this example of the single ion production, you can see you have neutrino, it interacted with the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: particle, and you can see there's the muon which is produced, muon, for example, like, each spine, but then we have this delta resonance, which decays the pione proton. And again, this pione protons haven't led to EPS yet. So, for example, the pione can be absorbed, and then we have
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Two additional nucleus produced, or this proton can scatter, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we call this, like, the cast head, so you can think of this as the bilateral interaction. So, you know, like, this problem can scatter and, you know, like, this obviously will modify the angle at which it leaves the nucleus and the other properties.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, you know, from the experimental point of view.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you can have a single pine production, like the delta resonance, but because this time was absorbed, you will not be able to see in your detector at that time interaction. So we'll see this is the last time interference for the uncertainties.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the last part of this diagram is the excitation of the interaction. In your first can be excited, and afterwards, Elvis and Gamba. I would not talk about this, as this is something which we…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: tried to consider in the simulation of mutual interaction, but it's not very relevant particularly Nova, so, so I will not focus on this at all, but…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: mention this. Right, so I talk a lot that TFK and Nova have different parts, so, this is the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: sort of summary of this one, so you've got the red bunches, you get plugged for T2K, so I mentioned a lot that the 2K is dominated by this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: QE or charge chemical diagnostic, or serum mesom channel, while NOVA
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it must have, like, much higher production of the resonances, the GIS, which obviously makes the impact interaction more interesting.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But, yeah, I didn't mention that, because the tray is dominated by this view, it is a smartphone.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, in terms of the… how do we actually can simulate this, so there are different additional generators, so let's describe all of them, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You have the mute, which is used by the T2K and other Japan-based experiments, so the development is, like, mostly driven by the experiment needs, and it has quite one range of the processes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then, we have GMI, which is used by NOVA, and other US-based experiments, so this is more like the experiment as the theories, and there's, like, also wildness processes. So, I don't have time to go into that much details, but the key point is that the way how both generators handle different processes
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: can be different, but what I think is very important in this one is that these are not the only generators that are available.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, there are others,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, like, the new rogue, but actually less. I think that the key part, which I think, makes the distinction, like, new engineering are the ones which are used by the experiment, and they are, like, kind of experimental event development, although they are, like, some personal.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: While this one, they are not used actively by any of the dynamic experiments, but they are mainly developed and maintained by the purists. And again, like, there's, like, a lot of different assumptions which goes into this gen… these generators.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, from our experimentalist point of view, having such wide variety of generators, like, even if we not use all of them in our analysis.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This allows us to, for example, make some comparison, or make some better motivated uncertainties, or some other studies to which I will come back later, but I really want to point out that because we have such wide data generators, we can test different model assumptions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And just as an example, like, this is…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Distribution of one of the properties, and you can see that it can vary a lot between generators, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The defenses are quite… can be quite large, but it's not like…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Such difference, this is more like the extreme scenario, but, they can happen, so we can, like, a 2-hour answer.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And to, like, give you some ideas why the modeling is important, or, like, why do we care so much about the modeling? So as I said, like, one of the driving,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Like, the question that we're asking is the CPS violation? Would the state does CP parameter?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this plot shows you the… how does delta CP affect our… like, the probability constellations. So, you know, like, so if you see in case, right, of the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: delta CP, and then decrease, right, for the antimaterial, then this obviously can be manifested by the delta CP parameter. But what if it's not actually that the delta CP parameter is, like, the minus 5 half.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What if there's some… if modeling? Obviously, you know, we could poorly model some high-zero action coming from the nuclear current action.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Or there might be some other instant where we take the neutral current single time correction, and we consider it's, like, the third current of the single new one. So this is, you know, like, one of the cases where,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the issues with modeling could affect how we actually perceive the impact of selection. And another case which I mentioned, is this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: mass square differences. So the mass square, works as, like, kind of a shape, so if you have the higher mass square, then you can see that your probability will be, like, the ship time and life.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And again, like…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If you see the shift to your spectrum, this obviously could be driven by the selection parameter, but this could be also bias, coming from some neutrino and nebular construction, so… or, like, some other modeling, like, mismodeling effects.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, I will now move to the electron scattering, which is, like, one of the ways how we can deal with these problems.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Because, as I mentioned, generally, between our modeling is difficult, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: why electron scattering is appealing to us. So, first of all, in the case of the electron scattering, we have quite good control of the beam and the angle, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: when you have, you know, electron beam, you very well know the energy of the electron. You can very well deconstruct the angle of the electron, which is not something we kept very clean, as I said. We cannot measure neutrition energy and the properties directly, because of how they are produced, and also how they interact.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But we can use the electron. And why electrons are appealing to us? So, if you remember this law, obviously.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If you would like to switch from this picture to the electoral case, then the only thing that you have to change is this one. So, this part is, like, the interaction that I saw before.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So if you would like to switch to electrons, you simply have to switch from the vector axial current to the vector current. The initial state should be the same, whether you have neutrinos or electrons. The final state and others also should be the same, whether you have neutrino interaction or vector interaction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, you know, like, this is a huge advantage that we can benchmark past our modeling using the electron data, which, again, can put on. And the last selling point for the electron scattering is that we have quite a lot of old electron scattering data.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, to give you some idea how we can actually use the arrival scattering, so as I said, we have
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: electron-proton interaction, and we have electrons in the final state. So, let's try to see if we can help better understand this initial energy, so let's help try this initial state.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, you know, in this sample picture, we can try to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: measure, we see energy. So again, this is the energy of this, bond, let's say.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: nucleon, and we can do this by simply measuring this. So the omega is the energy transfer from the… between electrons. You obviously have to account for the outgoing
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: proton, energy, and then we have to account for the render.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is the distribution of your methane energy.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then, you can play a very similar game, but rather than reconstructing energy, you can try to reconstruct the momentum of this problem.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, again, my kids just use the energy conservation rule, so you just have to… so, again, you know very well the momentum of the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: incoming and outgoing interactor and the outgoing proton, so the energy conservation, you can very easily reconstruct this missing energy. And this is more or less what you have.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So now you can play this game, but let's say, in the two dimensions, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You kind of take a particular value of the missing energy, so let's say you grab this value of missing energy and this value of missing energy, and then you reconstruct the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: recent momentum,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Only for this particular value. And then, if you, like, play this game enough, you can actually construct the two-dimensional distribution that you have on the x-axis missing one momentum sign, and the y-axis missing. So this is simply…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: probability distribution of how likely we are encounter the nucleon in this stage of the processes with such properties. So, again.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: everything that we use is in electrons scattering data, but this is something which we actually include in the simulating code between interactions. This is, like, the one way how we can
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like, take advantage of the regno scattering. And the second one, which I will slightly also focus on the introducing flu scattering.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This shows you the electrons happening data compared to the… one of the models which is also used for the neutron scattering. And you can see that this model is performing quite poorly in this particular region of space.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You can really see that there's, like, the huge bias and the offset.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now, we can try to… try to look at this really…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But we can try to see similar region of phase 3 for the neutrino scattering, and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: again, like, we don't have as good control of, like, all the properties with the electron scattering, so again, like, you cannot really say that there's such level of precision of the electron scattering because of the multiplication I told before, but we can also see that there is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Some discrepancy and some overestimation of our simulation, so this is using the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: conceptually similar model of the both lateral and continuous happening, and so we can clearly see that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We see similar, maybe not exactly the same, but similar issues with the neutrino scattering as with the electron.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So now, like, what's the problem, and, like, how can…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Which may not benefit from the similar trait of directness happening.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, the main problem why we see this is… I told the beginning that I will come back to this explaining approximation, and this is the time when I come back to this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that plane wave, you can interpret this as you have this initial interaction, and you have the lepton, similar to the plane wave. So, plane wave basically means that your lepton is traveling through the nucleus.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: on these steps.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, obviously.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So again, the nuclear effects are very difficult for neutrinos, so you can imagine there is some mean potential other effects, and we did not account for any wave distortion or any effects on the left-hand part.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: no simulation. So that's why, what we started to do recently is to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We call it this distorting questions. Try to account for some…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: meet the potential inside nucleos, so instead of delivering on this, I need the approximation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So now, if I update this picture, so, like, the one thing which updated this instead of using this language approximation, I'm using the historic type approximation, and then also account for some
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: elastic financial interactions, again, like, time clock comes from, like, the different nuclear effects, which are historically on the left arm.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And also trying to do this consistently.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So then you can see that once you start to account for this, the model is performing much better with electroscopic data. Like, you can see there is no longer such huge upset, and the data is very well agreeing with the model.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now, if we try to do a similar study with the infinous cataly, you can see that there is a blue line shows you the plain wave, and the orange one is positive wave, and you can see that the topic wave is generally performing much better. Again.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We don't have such precision with neutrino scattering, electron scattering, so… and obviously there's, like, a lot of missing pieces with the neutrino scattering,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, I think this, like, gives you the idea that, yes, improvements in electron scattering usually means improvement in neutron scattering.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But, just the fact that we have much better image of the electron scattering doesn't mean that we have better electrone scattering, so that's obviously the… how would I explain. So that's the, like, the summary of this electron scattering part, which I move to the next one. So, like, there are obviously…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: multiple issues with the electron scattering as the way to improve the model. I haven't discussed this yet, but a lot of data is coming from the 60s or 70s, which obviously means that people who produce this data
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I mean, I don't know what I use, or, like, there's a lot of missing bits, so we, for example, not always know what the uncertainty for accountable data, and usually the data we're using is just, block hand scanning, which is not perfect.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The… another disadvantage, which is more on our side, is that not every model has ability to switch between the electron scattering and neutrino scattering.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, like, for example, very high-most population that we cannot do this. Obviously, this means that using return, that it's impossible to, like, the same as the population for uncertainties.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And as I hopefully convinced you, even if you have very good agreement that electron scattering doesn't guarantee great agreement for anything.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But, as you know, as the advantage of this, like, to be more positive about this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like, more and more generators are actually implementing electron scattering, so I think that's, like, very helpful in the future. And there are actually new collaborations being, like, built, or, like, the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: created with the aim to actually produce new scattering data, so we can actually, get any data. And I think that's the last point for this part, is, you know, like.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If your model doesn't agreed for the electrodes, it's very unlikely to aggregate for the neutrima, so this is, like, the very obvious first step of the… to get a good model.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, I mentioned a lot, so let me move from the electron scattering to actually original scattering, because obviously
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: as I said, you cannot only rely on selections scattering in different parts, which you need to do with the most.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I turned this slide, but let me remind you that we have the two experiments, because there are, like, so many slides away, and, like, both experiments actually have the near detectors,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the huge advantage of the neural detector is, first of all, they're so close to the production that oscillations are negligible, so we can measure interaction without having some interplay with the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Oscillations. Because they are so close to the production, we actually have quite high number of events.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the two ways how we use the mid-detectors in both the NOVA is either as the standalone cross-section measurements, but also they are used to constrain uncertainties in the actual oscillation analysis. I will talk about both in the future slides.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, again, let me reintroduce this bot. So I hope this, but let me remind you that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Overactone scattering, you cannot obviously constrain the vector axial currents, like, the generally scatter patterns, related to the uncertainties. So, like, the one of the driving force for the uncertainties for the neutrino scattering, the, like, neutrient is the axial form factor.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And for this, we obviously need neutrino data. So…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This plot shows you some of the, let's say, theoretical prediction using, for example, that is CTD, and then there are some older, let's say, measurements of the feudal interior, and then there is, like, the NERBA, so the NERBA is…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: one of the machine reactors, which I haven't discussed, but it can be, like, very similar to no other type of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, you know, we can clearly see that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: not agree very well, but, you know, the attention is still denied, so, you know, that's, like, some step forward. Like, we can see that the latitude are never, like, I don't have that, but there's something similar. I can clearly see that the Ethereum fit
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We are way, way off, so based on this, it looks like the field is probably wrong, and there is some… something missing between nerve-addata, which is not linked in the latitude. So this is, like, the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the reminder why we need, you know, scattering data, because not everything comes from the electron.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And now, moving more to, like, the another part of how the networks are important. So, I talked before that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And… We use different models for slightly different channels, so we have
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And because each of these channels is using a slightly different model.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There are a different set of uncertainties for each. So this is, like, the first part of why this is important. The second part, this shows you how number of interaction-related uncertainties changes the function of time, for both T2K and NOVA.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And you can generally see the trend that the number of interaction uncertainties is increasing. So this obviously is…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: effect of the fact that we generally know more, or maybe we know more things which we don't know, which is why the number of customers is increasing, which is, like, the consequence of, like, the work with, like, either electron scattering or neutrino scattering.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, you know, like, one of the obvious conclusions from this, okay, we have more uncertainties, which we need to constrain. And this is why the importance of the near detective is increasing, right? In actual oscillation analysis, we need to constrain the increasing number of uncertainties, which is the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: bye.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, to, like, give you some example, this shows you, on the T2K side, the… Spectrum and the data.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: before using any of the P2K near the record data, and this is after the feed. So we can, first of all see that the data monetaryl Agreement is much better after the feed, so this is kind of what one would expect.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But I think what's important is that we are talking about the near detector, and the main question that we're really asking in oscillation is.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: how this affects the prediction at artifactor. So this is what this is showing. This shows you the spectrum and the P2K for one of the architecture samples.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And so, like, there are several key things which I want to point out with this tool. So, first of all.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If you see how your Monte Carlo was pulled up in your girly vector, you can see that this is similar as we see with the Falgo vector. So, again, like.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the improvements in the neural vector are being transferred to the improvement in the heart vector, and the second point is, you can see the error bonds decreased after neural vector. Because the consequence neural vector is actually constraining all of the multiple
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: interaction product is after the feet.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Another point which I think might be easily overlooked is I told this, but let me re-emphasize
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The number of events you see at the near… you can see on the y-axis, like, over of thousands.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then if you look at the prototype, which is, like, order of 100, so that's, again, why we need another…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Because they are so close to your production, just like, so much demand, so do you need action in your answer.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the last, maybe as a bonus.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If you are wondering why this spectrum and the fact detector looks like this, this is the function of reconstructed neutrino energy, and you can see this deep,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We just took the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: effect of their oscillation problem. This is when we expect that we won't be nice.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: neural vector.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In the analysis, slightly differently, but the consequence is the same. The idea is to use the neural factor to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: constrained,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: different parameters and the fact that we are using intercalation methods, which I will not discussing this talk, but we can see the error on the left on the reconstruction, the influx, and obviously the large one looking up construction, so that's the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: as I just talked so many about… you can see that the nova expect quite high,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Uncertainty on the cross-section, and obviously the error is significantly reduced, which generally translate to the much smaller error, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that was, like, a lot about the new detector, so I can now smoothly progress to more and more about the clean-level oscillation analysis, so we discuss the methodology.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, both T2K and NOVA for this analyzers use bias and Markov chain and catalog framework.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, both cannot produce the same type of output, mainly the posterior densities and the cable level. So this is important because
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Since both analyses use the consistent bi-agent framework and consistent output.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Like, from the South Africa point of view, the, like, the sum of both likelihoods will be…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: statistically correct. Obviously, this is something which, when you are producing the global hits, you can struggle as the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Local data would, like, telling you the difference to see that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, nice, I was talking about the framework.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, like, the conceptually, you can see that the TPA on CMCPA.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like, accounted for the typically liquid, it accounted for some external electrodes, and the phenotype at them, and then on top of this, it was, like, ejecting the normal electrode. For the NOVA case, they had, like, the synaptions of the, like, the actual novel liquid, and the other synodic items, then they were, like.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is, like, they're very useful for the validation, as we're able to see impact of the T2K P10 for the NOVA likelihood, and the impact of the NOVA likelihood, the T2K likelihood, and see they are consistent, so just, like, the very useful for the validation and producing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So now, one of the methods how we can assess data is across the data studies. So this is where I will remind the slide that we have a plethora of the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: meeting of the Americas.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the one question, in case of the similarities that we're asking is.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: When we're running analysis, we usually have some simulation which will show those two of the single set of mutual generator models.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And each of this model has associated uncertainties. So we usually run analysis with a single set of the models and uncertainties related to this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But, because we have
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Quite a lot of generators with the different models, and they each have generated perception, like.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like, you know, the choice of the particular model is kind of biased, if you haven't checked that, like, you know, other models, I mean, other generators, may be more correct. And, like, how do we assess? And producing the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: different, simulation, like the different production of different generators, problematic, as I said.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Because the uncertainties are associated with that particular set.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So obviously there's a huge question how we can account for such uncertain, unknown uncertainty.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is, again, why we call it simplicity studies. So the idea is conceptually simple.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We take our base model, and we try to relate this model to the alternate model.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then we're gonna treat this alternate model as our new data. So this is why it's called simulated data, sometimes it's called type data, or more data, so, like, the different ways, but the idea is that we…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: a alternative model and three different data. So, in this example, we can see both C2K and Nova.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Like, this, bluish line shows you the prediction, sorry, the, the black line shows you the prediction from the baseline model, and then the,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Red dot shows you the model data of the submitted study, so you can see how much the… Just…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Similar data and the actual data model are different, and then you are planning to run a hit.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So you hope that, the uncertainties you have allow you to cover, so you… in that situation, you expect at this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Blue bound shows you the predictions after the hit.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Will match the culture from something like that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We performed with both the near detector and the fire detector for both European and NOVA.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then we compare how this actually affects the oscillation results. So you can see, these are the sine squared of, like, the PNS parameters, the oscillations.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And you can see that in this case, the blue, which is, like, the nominal of, like, let's say, default,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Looks, compared to this, relative to this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: simulated data, or more data. And you can see, it's quite alike.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, based on this, we don't see that there's any inherent bias, but several of such similar studies were performed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And in none of these cases, we noticed that it's, like, any biases. We have, like, criteria, so it's not, like, anyway, the argument of action is criteria.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But we haven't noticed, like, any need to inflate uncertainties. If we notice that this mock data actually strongly affects results, this would result in inflating our error. So this is how we can deal, in case Lenova, with such unknown uncertainties.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, second thing, also related to the modeling is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I'm going back to this slide again, but I mentioned that P2K is using a different generator than NOVA. Obviously, because the uncertainties are so strong tied to the actual model, it's not very straightforward for the 2K to use the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: complexity trend generator, and associated with this uncertainties, and the same people in Ova. So…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you can think that P2K uncertainty model not fully matches what Nova is using.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Which means that directly correlating uncertainties between both experiments is different. So there's, like, the one exception, which is the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: direction of the new, but other than this, the interactions around this were mostly uncorrelated between block experiments, so you'll see the acceleration, but…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But anyway, it's not.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, you know, like, how we can assess that this assumption is correct. So, what has been done in case for Canova, it's called nightmares, at least. So, the idea was to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Public rate parameters for each experiment.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this experiment, they are called nightmare because they have quite a high impact on, like, the spectrum. And the idea was to, like, fully correlate these nightmare parameters with,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: parameters, like, for example, the muscle weaknesses.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the result of this nightmare bits are presented here, so you can see with this blackish line, this is assumption that this nightmare parameter is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: fully correlated with the parameter. And then the other colors, like, really uncorrelated. The huge conclusion from this is that whether we leave these parameters, this nigga parameters correlated.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: or uncorrelated, this doesn't… like, bias as a result. However, having the… this…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is actually by us. So that's why the decision was made Cool.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that not correlating the interaction parameters is fine for this set of analysis. Obviously, this investigation is only valid for this particular kind of analysis, so if you would like to do it in future,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Additional, technical analysis, like the more data or different models, such a little effectively.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We have to liquid robots. At least in this one, it's fine.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So now I'll move to the actual results, and so this slot shows you the predictions for P to K at the top, so this is the… for the sample and electron samples, and then for the NAVA.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And you can see that we expect
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: After the heat, quite good, obviously, with the Latin sticker aero.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: predictions, and, like, this is, like, another reminder that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we have very few events in the nuclear oscillation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So you can see we're talking about the order of hundreds for, both experiments, but, you know, like, together we can reach, like.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: almost thousand people, so this is, like, quite remarkable for us, but obviously because of this, we are quite highly sophisticated and negative testing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, going to the actual results, so I will first discuss the Yard scope invariant, or, like, the CPU violation. So, the reminder that the JCP or YAR scope comes here to the equation, and the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Very simple, let's say, understanding is that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If this relative is zero, then your nutrients and the heterogeneous oscillate the same way, so we don't have any speculation. And if it's non-zero, then we have speculation, and the further away from zero, the J is the more violated it is.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So for the normal ordering, you can see that in both cases, T2K of, has, like.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: preference for…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like, the quite far away from the zero. Obviously, for the normal ordering, we cannot exclude the zero. Why?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for the inverted ordering, we can actually exclude hypothesis of ER score being zero around 3 sigma.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Oops.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: quite good, obviously, for right now. Then when it comes to the mass ordering, so he could play, Nova has the preference for the event ordering, although, as you can see, this is not preference, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And as the… so this is all I taught in the beginning of the slide, but this is the most precise measurement for this data and strike parameter. So you can see comparison of the T2K nova with other experiments, including the reactable.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Especially the investor, then you can see.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Doesn't make sense at all.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's quite remarkable.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So now I want to move slightly to the future, or like,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, you know, like, one of the obvious questions some of you may ask is why I spend so much time talking about between the interactions and the issues related to this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: while we are dominated by the statistic answer that the NPOC
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we do not meet as carefully with everything as I was trying to suggest in this talk, and, you know, that's…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Byte, comments one could make.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I think the main point of this discussion about uncertainty is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: How do we treat uncertainties moving forward?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Because the kind of experiment I discussed, will be replaced with a much larger scale, so T2K is…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: being replaced with the hyperparameter, which, you know, like, the conceptual is the very similar effector, like, the very similar experiment. So, you still have the beam and J-part, okay? And then you have the large water turn curve in the Kamioca.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Which, again, it's not the same site, but you can see it's very similar, and the hvern is under construction, so this is a huge tavern.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is a very obvious successor. For the nova, there is also a successor being built, which should be called Dune, and…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Again, like, the pin for the fuel will be also tied up, so the detector will be in slightly different place, so this will be in the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, that caught up. Again, if you compare both plots, you can see that, like, the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Successor is, like, very obvious, the successor to the novel. And also, the cabin is being built, so you can see the huge cabin of both detectors, or, like, the cabins of future detectors.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, like, give you idea why the pathogen would be, like.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: crucial for both of them, like, because obviously it's important for current, but, like, this is, like, the no-go challenge. So, for this sample and the measurement I just discussed, you have, like, 500 events.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you know, after collecting data for over 10 years. So, you know, that's a lot for us, but maybe not for everyone. Now.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For the hyper, you can expect with the similar exposure, around 10,000 events. This is for this sample, which is trying to minimize. Of course, the overall number of events will be larger, but this is the spectrum number of events.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for them.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: similarly working sample with the hypothetical. So you can see the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: difference in the event, right? Obviously, you have such a number of events,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The statistical uncertainty would be much, much smaller, and this obviously means that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: all the underlying uncertainties need to be taken more carefully. And because the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: both, like, Hyper Kamakanda and Dune are the spiritual successor of the P2K and NOVA, one can very see how all the development that we do with the generators, our understanding of uncertainties.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: will be carried through to the future experiment. So all the problems that we do right now will, like, affect the future experiments, which, as you saw, the problems, they are just around the corner.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So as the, like, quickly summarize, like, measuring oscillation, we simply need the energy, which is not as simple to measure.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, like, one of the programs of measuring internal energy is doing interactions, and we can use both electron scattering and initial scattering to get a better understanding of the model uncertainties and, like, how to use those uncertainties.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And we can also use the media factors, especially to assess the material scattering, to kind of perform the simulated data, studies, like, assess
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: output model unknowns, and it became over for those,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's what I'm out of there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: mass ordering environment. And, you know, like, all this work that is going to Halenova and others in that experiment will be directed by my future, so thank you. So, yeah, that's all from our side.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thank you very much, and we have now some time for questions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Oops.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yep. Can you bring up the slide about…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It was showing how the number of interaction parameters changed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This virtual sign.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, this one, yeah, so I'm actually… this is… this is, yeah, purely curiosity, but…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Do you have an idea of how, like, the total cross-section certainty changed as we added more parameters? Because
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Naively, I would assume that we would also replace models with more comprehensive models, and that doesn't necessarily mean the uncertainty's increasing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, is that something we know, like, compared… compared to 2015 or something, how… how was the total cross-section uncertainty for a given process change? That's a… that's a good question. So, I don't think a lot like this. So, we have the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you know, sometimes the uncertainty can be the same, you just have, like, more granular uncertainty, so you can easily divide parameters, like, the entrance, you know? But, like, another thing which is not included in this block, which is something I was trying to convey, is that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we are not using the same analysis for each of them, so the near detectors are becoming, like, the near analysis are becoming more complex. So as you have, you know, more samples, or more data.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you can expect to have more parameters, but, like, the overall reporting would be similar. Yeah. So, I don't have plot, but…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Given how… Like, both experiments are, you know, increasing number of parameters, but, like, overall the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: let's say, spectra prediction, so, like, the results are either consistent or, like, are not getting worse. Yeah. I think the overall uncertain settings are not UB, so… Okay. Yeah, I don't have thought, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: When did you join the Neutrino Interactions Working Group?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I mean, what year?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Basically, do we blame you for this exponential rise of the antics? Thank you for having me.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the, can you go back to the… you had the lattice discussion at some point. Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What the fuck?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That was to get the form factor. I mean, how far away from getting a full lattice?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: calculation of, neutrino scansary. Did you say? Do you have any idea how far we are from that?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I think that there's, like, quite huge progress on this, specifically tech companies. I don't have the equation, but…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Like, in the farm factory, right?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: To parameters, then we…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like, one of these parameters we can know from the other ways. So, I think the… the lattice PCB can, like, very reliably
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Let's say, predict this parameter that we already know.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Which is why we…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: start to behave more and more, and we think, like, the Lattice PCB right now is quite reliable.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Wow. Yeah, which is why we're applying for the Internet, but that's, like, very recent development, so the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Actual paper that this plot is taken is…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: December of the last year, so this is quite recent.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Can you talk a bit more about the electron scattering projects for natural interactions? Do you know if these are planned to be sort of quite comprehensive?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Measurements, sort of going to different targets, different energies, Yeah, so… So, it's…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: quite cool that these experiments, you know, like, the E4 new is basically electrons for neutrino, which is, like, very… obviously, they are targeted for the neutrino.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, like, the sum of the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: project, they're, like, quite closely collaborating with Ethrina, so it's quite easy for us, like, say what we want, and they have time to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: produce this. Obviously, the one thing is the target, so the… something which I haven't mentioned is that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But, like, the vacuum detector would be using liquid argon, so… and there is not as much lactose carbon in argon, so there's, like, one area which, some of these experiments are trying to follow.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so they are measuring all this, at least trying. This is… some is happening, some would need. Are these all running? No? I…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I think, this is the next one, I think this is unique, and I think the context is one, so I think these are the ones to, like, analyze the data, so… I don't think everything is, like, the published and, like, available to us, but yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, You mentioned that,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For, both TTP and NOVA, the deep elastic scabb is considered as bad, though, right? Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I suppose I understand that for 2K, it's quite low energy, so, it's very reasonable to discard it like this. Nova. The energy is, like, 2.6 cubic?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, I thought, like… and also, since they have different detector, is it really that reasonable to discard the others?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I don't think DRS… CCDRS is not background either.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That signal is ceasing places.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, I don't know if I could… but…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You know, like, is there actually in isolation? Yeah, yes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Nothing so much, though.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There's less of it, but there's still countless thicker bounces.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, then the Yay.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Didn't use the best price list.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: They bucket up their analysis in terms of how well they think they can do the energy reconstruction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the DIS will mostly fall in the bucket that is… shouldn't use the word bucket, bin that is,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the least viable evidence of reconstruction. There's still signal.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, in that case, like, do they put in, like, lesser weights when they do the figures?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I don't think it's explicit, but the way the uncertainties work, it will have more uncertainty on that bit.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then they kind of go, I'm gonna wait that one.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, boats.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Excellent.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The number of uncertainties on which he presses are mostly.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, yes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I think this is, like, kind of showing what it looks like.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I actually had a second question.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, for the, the electron scattering part. So, I'm, not really an expert, so I might be asking very…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We were questioned, so… I think I've heard that, the way that gamma and the vector.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: vector axial currents look at.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Being Leon is slightly different.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I was wondering, like, if there's, if you put more emphasis on the, the final state rather than the initial statements.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Definitely.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, I think I heard that the vector current and the vector axial current set the slightly differently.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I was wondering, like, if you were more studying about the FSI, that the, Initial state.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Cool.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: dope.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Assuming I understood this question,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But the one part is we sometimes rely on the factorization, so we…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you know, this is… you can think of this as the assumption. Like, we assume that we can…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Actualize the final interaction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And just, like, completely decoupled from the… Okay.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Later.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, you know, like, Whether this is fully throwable.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This, you know, this is, like, part of the assumption we have, because this makes the simulation easier.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Like, moderate PC, because you can have, like, a couple buttons.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I think that the examples are saying to my, that if you are Calculating things together, like… more.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: let's say,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: without breaking any assumptions and getting better results, so… I don't know if this, like, answered part of the question.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, okay.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Roughly, so… Almost tens. Yes, we can, continue.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I think that's on the fun.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Right?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, thank you very much, Alex.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thanks, thanks for everybody, Zoom, for driving.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Copy.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Chocolate cheese.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Even with the film?