STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Scientific Leafs.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Also, there's in the blank? Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Alright, excuse me.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If we get started, our first speaker is Jason. Jason is…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Going into his fourth year of physics degree at Imperial College London. He's interested in body physics and theoretical physics, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: records.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, let's what it says… Who lives?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I've been working on Atlas for a couple of weeks. Specifically, I've been doing, studies on the resilience of the ground-based vaccine algorithm against detector defects.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, was that neat thing?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, I'm sure most of you have this. So, Atlas is a particle detector studying
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: possible interactions, the AMC.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, one of the main problems we have is we don't have the space, no computing power to still analyze every event. So, the way we get this is we use a trigger to select the interesting events to keep.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the current Atlas figure is about 3,000 events.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Don't we solve it? Secondly.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, there are… upgrades due for the, LEC.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What's that mean for Z&T?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The hiring of the, upgrades will increase the number of interactions we see, so the rate of interactions we see even further. So, these are due to start happening at the end of 2026.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: After running through it, and …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we'll see increased luminosity, so there'll be even more pins for the drinker, for example.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And it's the final authentication, CRE.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 10,000 minutes, per se.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: One of the ways that we're gonna… On combat the increase.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The more extreme business conditions is we're going to replace the, you know, the deck that's currently in use.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in the track there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This will consist of two parts, so the inner pixel detector, the output.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, if you look in those top right diagram, the striffens had 30 shown in blue.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the pixel detector is showing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this upgrade will provide higher granularity, so we'll be able to resolve different It's more effectively.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And we'll also be able to access a higher pseudo-repancy rate. What does that mean? So, if you look on the top right diagram again, at the handy couple of lines, where they, marked out the different values featured.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that just means that… You can access. Now.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Where… where we've done it before.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And… as a result of this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You need software to try and take advantage of finding out there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, tracking is a key part of the software trigger.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's important for processes like vertex reconstruction, the trigger uses to make the final decision what to keep.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: God. Wait.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Or reconstruct the particle tracks, just using the technidiums.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, one of the places where this is implemented is the ACTS project.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Which is a… one of the implementations, though, of the factory field corruption sort of way.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's used at the AMC.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Get the story, I hate it.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's a list of steps of how to hit the tracks.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, so, certainly, take your hits.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: integrated by… Yeah, toss them together by it.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The time we see here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Following these steps. Yes, I'll go, so you should take the busters.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If you, get more comments.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There are many different bike lanes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There was a table there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Another week, again.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Some of them run on different architectures, some of them within the software. So, for example, Apple uses a GM at some stage.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then, also, some familiar architecture, so, for example, CPEs.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: DPAs, that some of this runs on FBPAs.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, by the end of the year, the Technology Choice Committee will make a recommendation of what to use.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, that'll be based on a number of factors, so tracking accuracy.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the time it takes to run the tracking pipeline, and then one of the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: those smaller aspects they might consider will be robustness.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: To, sort of… It would detect a defects.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, the two pipelines that I studied
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: were the C100 and the C230 pipelines, so the top two on that previous tape.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, they both run on CPUs.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The… they're mostly the same. The only slight difference is that the CT30
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: product type, uses different seeding.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that means that he uses the park race track
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: seeding algorithm that's developed that route. It's set up the default ATP seating. But otherwise, that works the same. Take a look at that one.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: HTS, HTS, HTTS. I don't know if it's a different, slightly different city.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we want to compare the performance of these.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Two pipelines, but specifically with respect to different detector defects.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So here's a brief explanation that we did.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, … you're trying to… so you split your disk tact bit.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And you can get a graph of… Yeah, so he's happy buses.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thanks, Mr. Foodie.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then you use your dimensions of your clusters to try and predict.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What leads, acceptable?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The nature that you expect to see.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: tweens.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Genuine costume, and you use that to kind of trip down this girl.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then, once you've got your cut-down graph.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Make the track segments is the graph.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I've got batching track properties.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Defined along this secrets.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Of the track parameters.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That seemed to manage.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then you keep it, you keep going, you keep going, and you extract out the track candidates who are attracting this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then that gets fed to the rest of the pipeline.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's a little bit out of my surrounding.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then it tracks over that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, I've talked a lot about trapping, Have we actually did this?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So… the, main software frameworks called ENET.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And that contains the code used to run the track through construction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, for example, this is an example track construction built of a simulated Obviously, they are its case.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And actually, you'll get some run simulations that predictable. I think.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that I've quit.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: flags, as you would need today.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Let's run that data.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What types of defect are we actually trying to consider?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, there's many different types, … So, the most fundamental, smallest.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: defect, I really might ask. So there was a defect in the TechSoup, in the TechSoup there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, … So, pixels around the, sort of, order of magnitude of micrometers per head, so very small.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then He's filled up chips.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Something about that. Second.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: these chips can also have defects as well, so these are the two different types of chip defects that I'm considering.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, a front-end core column, that's a lot of pixels, that's about 3,000 of them.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then, we can also have a corner of the chip as well.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Say, go ahead.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Those chips then build up modules.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Which is… that's an even bigger…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Do you know who the detective?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There's that number 1,000 organs in the whole IT mixer.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That we might be something to consider.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It lobbies that your event.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But thanks.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I could actually do this in simulation, there's an extra flag you can use to simulate the database.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, we… for now, we'll use the decof defect parameters.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, these specific parameters for the different types of defect are this parameter for models.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then we can test the different pipelines with the no-defects.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: With the different types of internet.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like, the C100 that has CT bits, but…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And what's that queue look like? So, take a simulated detector output.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Run the track reconstruction, the different defects.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then the other performance matters.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then I ran this with 10,000 simulated TP bar events, a part of the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Actually, I usually get cleaner release stated from the Senate office.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I ran it on the RAM CPUs.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, what do we actually get as we try and reconstruct drugs with defects?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, … We, get reduced efficiency resolutions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So what'd that be? So, for now, just take efficiency to be, like, an accuracy of…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, for, articles… What's the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What's the probability that they get matched at a track that is, by those giving up?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: They're part of the quality selection.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: appeared.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, we've got a graph here. I've, just plotted the two pipelines with no defects.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That would be fixed, but honestly, we'll have to see what we get out of it.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, CT30P.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I don't see 100 with our defects, obviously then you would expect your accuracy or your efficiency to go down once you start.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to detect the defects. Hello?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There's also a table here, the inclusive. So, here we've got a histogram with the different
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Paul, so the tech that we have a cat.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the efficiency and the different policies that say that we made the move.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The barrel, and the end caps, sort of the ends of the detector, but we can collapse that down into… we take all of our particles to see
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What's the probability they get matched to a good enough track?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, yeah, so you get your standard to expect the efficiencies to go down as a result of defects.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: On the previous slide, I only showed no defects at all times defects. Here I've got two side-by-side bits that all of the tests I ran, so no defects.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: One times the standard defects, two times the standard defects, and three times… And, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You get what you used to.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Does he increase the… you also… And that defects your… I'll see you later.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Efficiency is boundless.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If you look at certain regions, for example, the edge cap, so probably to…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And low… more negatively to issues.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Here you get more.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: get worse.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Edition G-drops for C100.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Slightly better for the CT lending. On the contrary, you get worse efficiency drops.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: center, in the barrel for CT, and what's the GEDS.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then… Is that… The tables are ordered, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: All of your photos are going down in recent events.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then there's other metrics we can actually use for this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The efficiency is the most, sort of, two-stick one for sure.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Right. So, from my initial suggestion that the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: what the CT30 was performing for the… well, more… not as well in the… in the battle, and the C100 formed as well in the NTEC.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There is… I tried another test, so there is functionality that disables specific modules.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, what we can do is we can control
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: exactly where our dev modules are, so… For example, here, Positive an extra flag.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: JSON file, different modules, so you can find your modules in the MCATs, modules in the barrels, and you can only consider those type of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, I ran the test. I was going to run the test.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I pass in only valid defects, and then pass in only NCAP defects, and see if I can refer
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: My initial suspicion.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Unfortunately, 500 bucks.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, running the track reconstruction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Getting an error that I could not resolve. Tried various different fixes in the ACTS C++ backend.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Very bad. I was only able to fix this myself, so, you see the… that's what the call should have been.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: contact the experts. So, I opened your ticket.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, within 2 hours, or a couple of hours, someone clicks in.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Good.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, so… I think we've successfully gotten it.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Angry.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Get back to the test zone for now.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Around the same events I ran the previous steps on, but with our defects and…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The barrel on the NCA.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the tech.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: using the building of Athena, that wouldn't.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you see what comes out of it that you get, because I'm…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: moved by detector defects into specific regions. You get the same effect as before, but magnified.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, C230, see the drop in efficiency.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Worse in the barrel, and then C100, the drop deficiency, comes worse in the maps.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, the CP30 looks like it forms really well in the end caps.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But we need to do something about the barrel we see from.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If you take the inclusive, decreasing seat is fine.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Confirm that suspicion.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So… The profit percentage here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: percentage here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then they drop in the percentage for the EVERN cap.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's worse, for the… Yeah, 100%, it's buckling.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then there's the other metrics of the credible.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So… So, the summary of what I've done.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: From two different pipelines.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Heather performance with various different types of defect.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I've found that the CT30 drug is worse in the barrel.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Hence the CU100 drop-off, this works in the end.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: also found a bug in the HCPS tracking pipeline that someone else later fixed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, I've, in the last couple of days, I've been trying to come up with ways to improve the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: a CT30 aircraft-based taxi performance.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is currently work in progress. I think I've documented some of this work.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Terms of my personal sort of experience, I commuted all the way from London.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I'd not recommend that to anyone. That's 2 extra hours, 40 minutes, door-to-door on a good day.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, never…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Because if you sleepwalk your way onto the wrong train, that's how you end up swing them at night there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then, in terms of unrest, highlights, I do usually put tools like both, visiting.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: was available to go on, and the PPD probably had to stay. Just doing outreach and talking to people.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's a funny experience. Yeah, so that's it for me. Any questions?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Christians in the room.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You'll sit.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So you would… you did all this at Final Above Zero. Presumably that was to save… save the cost. But, I mean, do… does anyone have any feeling about what impact that might have?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, I mean, it would be…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We had to start doing it sooner, But there are the files I made, so you can see,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So you can run the same sort of job site, but just with parallel 200, or whatever specific part of this. But presumably, it'd be some weeks of learning, it just takes a lot longer to see what happens.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Even for the delayed, these videos.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: More questions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yep.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I mean, it looked like one was doing better in the battle than the other in the NCAP. Is it conceivable that you run one, you know, you run different algorithms in different parts of the detector, or is that how it works? I guess that is a possibility. I guess you'd have to…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: talk to the people that are actually implementing it. How they decide what to use in it?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There's a… the track runs through the hole.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Is that the… what we saw?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Each of the different countries.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Vision Ball.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I guess we'd have to discuss with the people actually interacting it, probably who have no problems with the tracking code.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Other questions?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the room of Zoom.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I don't see any other questions, and there's time for Jason again.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And our next speaker is…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, Louise has been working with Fala, who is unfortunately on holiday at this point, right? And he's currently a third-year student in the police department at Central Cambridge.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Hello everyone, so I'm working with Hello on the nasal experiment with the simulation of flashcams for use in that country chamber.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, what is Mitel's experiment about?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We have to go back on how we detect affiliates.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And they are, mostly just very good to detect dark matter. The first one is hydro production, which is, let's, collide, to, standard molecules, and let them produce dark matter and try to find some, missing mass, missing momentum from the, from the collider.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the second one is the direct detection, which makes all the experiments can be helpful.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, we just, we look for, scatterings between standard molar particles and time-mindler particles. And we look for those signals in that, decreased and time protection chamber.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the incoming practical will collide with our…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: medium, pristine, and produce a primary synthetician, like we call it S1. And the ionization will produce neutrons that will travel up due to a downward electric field.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So it will hit the liquid and gas surface of the presenter, and then produce a secondary synthetic we call it S2. So combining S1 and S2, we can, find out whether… what is the particle, and what energy it is, and everything else.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The third one is indirect detection. We are trying to find some annihilation products from the dark microparticles, but it's not so popular at this moment, but there are some experiments working on that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So for these signals, there are two types.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The first one is electron recoil, which, the dark matter will hit an electron, and nuclear recoil. Electron recoil will produce more light and, less, more charge and less heat, and nuclear recoil will convert more energy into heat.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is the map for S1 and S2. C does stand for corrected, from detected defense and other…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And these are, for every particle, we have a pie chart for, probability of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Of that particle, of the particle type. And, in the detector, we will get, many particles from cosmic rays, from dark matter flows, and other stuff.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, electron stars and neutrons will produce mostly electron ripples, and neutrons, or the dark matter, we call it weekly interactive method particles, will produce nuclear reactors.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, for nuclear repos, it's sensible to, stretch forward only at, at, some KUV level.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is the energy for the nuclear ripple, and converting to particle mass is approximately several GEV.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, for that range, accents and SNL, because the masses, way…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: smaller, so it will extend to k or even several electron volts level. So what do we, … how do we detect it? We can only detect it through the middle effect.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is a typical nuclear record for a low-mass star atom particle, and it will come into the xenon medium and hit a xeno atom.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: nuclei, and, scatter out. So, the energy releasing is from here. It's not observable because this is the observable origin from a power detector.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But, if all some, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: low probability of building impacts. An electron will be left declined by the nuclear reactor, and the electron goes out, so we can detect the electron as,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: kind of similar to an electric… electron repo, energy scale. So, it will expand into the observable energy range.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But this effect has never been directly measured by any experiment. There are only indirect, evidence.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The effect was gone by… Medant in 1939, and then I think it was won in…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Several papers, and they are directly measured in a lot of kinds of interactions, but never for the nuclear record.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: there are theory for, using Migdall effects in my direct search. The MGDOL experiment was then done to, to directly measure the MGDO effect.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we use, two types of neutron beams, at SDFC. The first one is DT neutron beam for a higher energy, because, we can
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we have more probability to measure the mental electron. And the second one is DB neutron, lower energy use leading, mentally, experiments and the dark matter down research experiments to simulate signals from WIPs and other kinds of dark matter particles.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: A suitable medium for this kind of,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: experiments is only low pressure, therefore all low pressure surfer and noble gas mixture, because, liquid thinness is very dense.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So it's not possible to see the full track mass of the electron, and high pressure CF4, for the same reason, is not suitable. So we chose low pressure CF4 for a clear electron track, and …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: a suitable simulation like this wave planets, so it's in the visible and, like, the UV region, it can be, collected by a normal single-state actor.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this is the setup for the McDonald's, optical temperature. So a neutron comes in this way, I produce, electric ripple and nuclear ripple signals. So the electron will be, drifted to downwards,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Due to the field, and it goes to the classrooms.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the bathroom will amplify the electric and optic signal, because during the electron.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: there are, a lot of photons produced. So the photons will be, collected by both the PMT above and the camera below for external, external trigger and direct image. And the MT5 electric signal will be,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: will be collected by the ITO mesh at the bottom, so we can have a signal for energy reconstruction and so on.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this is, a picture of our, timeless exit chamber, and this is the FA5, version of JAMPS.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, our jam is, very, very thick. It's about 500… more than 500 microns thick, and the axon will travel this way, and Avalonce in jam ports. So we have 2 or 3 layers of gems, haven't decided yet.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, … Each electron will experience our launch, and then another round of applaunch to maximize our gain.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And for lack of sample pressures, therefore there are various kinds of interactions between them. Mostly, it's…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Landscape scattering at the top level, and then several organizations, angular attachments, and other… other effects.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But for the gem, how do we simulate it? We need to first know the geometry and… and produce a field map for the gem. So we use a console, a multi-physics simulation software, and it used to find an element method to produce the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the field maps and geometry for the gems. And we just used, two…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: a color of gems, and then in Gauntu, we can produce, mirror… use mirror symmetry to produce a color layer of gems.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, and as you can see in the E-field counter, this is the comfort for the electric field magnitude. So, at the corner of this hose, we have the largest, intense, E-field electric field intensity.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this will cause problems later.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we simulated a lot of…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: gems with a lot of…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Different, diameters, from, 150 to 250, and we compared with,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: With the simulated results from a parallel plate with, set the same energy across.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So in a parallel plate, we have a uniform field, a perfect field, but in these gems, we don't have a perfect field, and they will collide with the glass walls, because
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The… the main fur path is several tens of microns. It's comparable to the radius of our gem holes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And as you can see in this histogram, this is a histogram for the endpoints of the electrons.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Electron will, come in this way, and, avalanche in hold, so a lot of electrons will collide with the platform of the gem.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, a lot of the atoms will attach to the bottom surface of the jam, and only about 16 or 17% survive to the anode.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Along with the gain difference, we also discovered the difference in drip fields, because we chose the field
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the build front for drift region and induction region, for some reason. In the drift region, which goes to 200, volts per centimeter, because it will minimize the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The transverse diffusion, and in the induction region, which was, 400 for minimization of,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Of longitudinal diffusion, because we want a sharp signal at the bottom.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But, if we open up our channels, there will be, fuel leakage into…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: into the dripland in action region, which is not good. So we need to do some corrections of the fields. Then we investigated, some possible corrections, and, the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the effect of, for instance, in our game. So this is the… the voltage, the gain of this voltage code for only, set 170 and 210 microns. These are the… really, the diameters we use in our detector.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, after looking at fields and, gain of electrons, we also looked at, simulations, in, instead for, for, optical readouts.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, there's no…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: theory or no, current explanation for simulation, so we have to tune some parameters to match the experimental results.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, … The results was… the result was knocked off, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: number of photons produced, over number of electrons produced is about 34%. This is a very robust result, because it works for any pressure at any temperature, and …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But only for purely form. So we can turn parameters by causing ionization with, energy change larger than 14 eV, and a syndication probability of 33%. But…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's not possible to, … to apply this kind of certificate into CFO and small gas mixtures.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There are some people working on this at CERN, and our previous PPD summer student is also working on a project related to the simulation, mechanism in cell phone and noble gas mixtures, but it's not solved yet, so we only worked for, pure setform.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this is the result, the number of photons, produced. That could reach the anode for each, each diameter from 150 to 250.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we assume that the force was emitted right after the ionization, and to a random direction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In the full Python handbook.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the full-time distribution for 170 and 200 cents is not very much different. The distribution is of the same shape, with only a slightly different standard deviation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then, we move on to the three gems, because we want to maximize our game, and, look at how, how it can help.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But a full launch in the three times, because we have so many electrons, produced, will take, more than 10 hours, maybe 12 or maybe 15.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we break the whole process into steps. First, we consider the drip to the first jump, and then how the length in the jump call, and then drip between jumps, and we repeat,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We repeat the process until we get to the imaginary region, and assimilate the drift to the IPL.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So for the first step, a drip to the jam book, is, is…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's just the collection ritual of each electron. It's over 98%, which is very good, because, we know that the gems are collecting electrons. It's, it's…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the second step, we need to think about, this… the distribution of starting points, because, different distribution of starting points will lead to different, gain.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Because if you slightly not come close to the glass wall, it will immediately attach to it, and it will slightly not come, far away from it, it will just start outlung.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we took a normal case, you have electrons starting at a random position, and an extreme case. So all the electrons are starting at the center. So the difference between them is just within X percentage.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, the one below is the random decision, and the one above is also sent.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And we did an additional check on the symmetry by choosing electrons starting only at, half of the hope, at the top one, but the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: one half of the hole, and this… the symmetry will be washed out by avalanche, so no matter what distribution we get, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: at the top of the call, at the starting point, we are always getting the same distribution, at the bottom when executing code.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And here is the… the drift between the poles. So, because we have a higher field in the transport region, we are getting more electrons attached, to the CFO in these regions. And, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: electrons coming from any one hole will extend to, 1 millimeter here, so we have, at least 61 holes, 61 holes involved, in the second layer.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then the inaction region. So we simulated the drip of electrons exiting the final layer of gems, and only 32.6% of them get to the end, which is the atom mesh. And,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For each call width, they will give a full wet house maximum for, 440 microns.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And it's… it macks well with our… with our theory and simulations in… with other methods.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is the distribution as the ITO match, the anode for a four-along sheet, produced in this way.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you can see that it… it should… it should behave as a six-fold symmetric behavior, but it… it doesn't, because, the asymmetry was lost out by the final Gaussian problem at the… in the… in the inaction region.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, we checked the game for aligned and misaligned gems. So, for misaligned gems, we just,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: shift the gem to the X direction by half the pitch, and … it gives a slightly darker game, but only slightly darker. But for the standard deviation of X and Y, the misaligned gems are slightly… also slightly darker. So, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We don't know which one is better. It's still pending on some checks with experimental results.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But, this thing is… is quite high, so it reminds us of solidity issues, like sparkling and other stuff. And also, we need to consider,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: a factor of gain saturation by electrons shielding the field, around another electron in the middle. So… and also, we didn't consider any, ions and the ion strip lines.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So there are still much more work to be done.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the next step, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For the final week of the placement, I will be doing… I will be generating a photon collection for the camera, that's similar to what I did for the… for the single exam.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, there can… some simulations for… say, for ion mixture will be done, once…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thomas, the former TPD student, have figured out, how electrons send the CFO and outbound mixture, and, we can do that later in God-built, software.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And I think that's everything, everything I have.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yep.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thank you.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thanks, Ruiza. Any questions for Ruza?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yes, please. There was something you mentioned about electrons getting stuck at the bottom part of the gem and that affecting your gain. Could you please explain that?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, because, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Here we have an uniform access.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, in these regions, the crypto are, at maximum.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And because we are holding constant,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Constant voltage at this plane and this plane, but not within pole, because it's just pole.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And we have some electric field lines pointing …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Pointing this way. That's pointing to the… To the public site here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, it's not directly pointing downwards, so electrons produced here will be just immediately accelerated this way and attached to the carbon plate below. So, there are also some electrons,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Something like constricting downwards, and then catch by the electrofield here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, we tried to solve this issue by adding a kind of, etched ring for the bottom there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But it didn't help because, I think it's because of the finite element method not working for extremely high build, because the field is high-end.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Also, it experienced a very, drunk change at the corner. So, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's… it's a problem that we can't solve using this simulation process.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What questions for Eliza?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I don't see any.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 1, zoom.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In that case, that's 10 clues I did.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, our last speaker is Barbos.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: He's a student at the University of Oxford, and he's, going to… going into his course here, usually mathematical and theoretical physics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: He has spanned an interest in energy physics and the use of machine learning in physics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Over the past 8 weeks, he has had the opportunity to work on a project with AI.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That combines both of his industry areas, so… Thank you.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, yeah, like Juthie said, for the past 8 weeks, I've been working on a project which,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: combines machine learning and physics, so specifically I'm trying to reconstruct electron and photon energies in CMS captain data with machine learning.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So just quickly going over what scouting data is. So in the CMS, we have two affected blocks which process data. There's the low-level trigger, which deals with all the kind of custom low-level hardware, and then the high-level trigger, which is the software that stores on GPUs and CPUs.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it outputs, events, and each event consists of a bunch of detector information, and they're quite large. So, in the normal kind of CMS data, a single event might be the size of a megabyte or something.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So staffing data effectively cuts down on a lot of these extra tracker and, detector information to, have the data which is less accurate, but in exchange, we can get more of it. So you're effectively trading off precision with more data.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, yeah, the aim is to reduce the uncertainty in the electron-photon energies in the CMS scouting data. So, this high-level crew over here already makes an initial prediction for the energy of the electrons and photons, and the aim of this project is to see if we can reduce the uncertainty on that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay so, firstly, we generate some electrons,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: by uniformly sampling a PT in the range of 0 to 300, eta, so durability, you sample that between minus 2.5 and 2, minus 2.5 and 2.5, and pi is just as a local angle, so that's making between, minus pi and pi.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So once we sample an electron, which is basically a two-part of those three quantities, we pass that into a, detector.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: simulator effects, and see what we get out, what we're given an electron with these two quantities.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So from that…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we can, plot, we can make an error plot of the reconstruction versus the current trigger. So, okay, in this plot, well, the first one, CE rigor, is this kind of initial energy that the, high-level trigger predicts, and an electron or a proton will have.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And over here, this is kind of, like, the percentage error that we're taking of the reconstructed energy from the HLT in comparison to the Monte Carlo simulation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is a more appropriate quantity to take, as opposed to just, say, delta E by itself, because…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: electrons at low energies, and electrons at high energies are going to have a different spread associated with them. So it's kind of a way to normalize, the energy scale a little bit, so, one side or the other side doesn't completely skew the MR predictions. But, yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In this plot, there are three interesting features. So, the central one is this peak over here, where the 720, which is kind of what we want. Might be expecting a Gaussian peak, which decays on both sides. However, you have this kind of shoulder region over here, where you get this kind of linear decay over here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Well, it's on a lockbox, I use this on video. But it deviates away from this kind of standard gashing behavior.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And finally, instead of kind of decaying all the way down, the peak… another peak is observed at the very end.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So in the machine learning framework, what we want to do is have sufficiently good electrons, which don't have a crazy high error, to further reconstruct them and make them better. Certain reconstructions over here are not possible because of the facts I'm going to get to in a second, and we want to have a way of filtering those out because
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: ML predictions. We don't want to train on the electrons which can't be reconstructed. We want something that's reconstructible, and to make it better.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, yeah, let's dive into what each of these, features, represents. So initially, you might think that the error scales of energy. So, the bar on the left-hand side shows how the percentage error
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: delta U of E of C, scales of Monte Carbon energy, and it's interesting to see that the energies already have much of an effect. So, there might be some sort of deviations at higher energies from the low energy behavior, but this kind of large error persists even when we go to energies of 700 billion acre from volts.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, more informative plots is this part on the right, which involves this 5x5… E5 by 5 quantity.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's it. What is E555?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so in the CMS, the two kind of detectors I'm primarily interested in is the inner tracker, and a crystal-based, detector known as the electronic calorimeter, so that's the ECAL. So in the ECAL, you have sets of 5x5 crystals, where you have the energy of the electron crystal being deposited.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this quantity over here, E555, quantifies how much energy is in this kind of 5x55 crystal matrix. So you see, this entire thing basically represents what fraction, what percentage,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: of, energy I have for my 5x5 crystal in comparison to my temperature of energy. So when that fraction's very low, i.e. my 5x5 crystal, or crystal bridge contains sly tuna.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Energy?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the error is going to be very high, and there's a sort of linear increase over here that you see, which is associated with the shoulder, I showed a second ago, on the plots. And then over here, you get discussion behavior.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And at the very bottom, there's also another dense region over here, which comes from other detector effects, which we'll get to in a second. And it's good to remove these because, again, they will skew the machine learning predictions during training.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So… yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The two noisy effects.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: essentially comes due to all… the two main factors I found are supermodule transitions and F-crystals. So again, what are supermodules? So, we have this 5x5 group of crystals in the CMS ECAP, and this is further collected into a bigger object known as a supermodule.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And these are stacked around in the barrel and in the end caps, but in the transition regions between Supermodule 1, Super Module 2, for example, there is a slight gap, and if electrons or photons go into that gap, energy will be lost, and as a result, reconstruction is going to be a lot harder.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that's it, modules. …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Part number 2, or, effect number 2, comes from dead crystals, so this is when a crystal has, for example, become opaque, and it can't produce any, electrical signal, which goes to thermal detectors, or the electrical detectors themselves behind the crystal might not be working. So that essentially
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: presents itself as an empty region on an ETA bipart, which comes empty. There's a nice spot I can show at the end, which
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: captures a little bit better. But for the time being, if, we take our data, which is the blue curve we saw a second ago, and we remove the supermodule or electrons and photons in the supermodules, you see that you get rid of the shot overhead, so it goes away.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then further on, if you, remove the lead crystals, or regions with the lead crystals, you get rid of a lot of the bad data in this region overhead. Combining these two, you get a plot that looks like this, and then finally, you can also apply kind of a hard cutoff on, this error overhead.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, again, the end goal is to get sufficiently well-reconstructed electrons to reconstruct them better.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: As opposed to trying to save and salvage something that's here, which might not even be possible.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So for that, I used, two different approaches. I tried two different models. So the first one was a BBC, a Boosted Decision Tree.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, I believe the kind of initial prediction I'm getting from the high-level trigger, also involves a DET somewhere in that pipeline. And the second one was a neural network. So first, let's talk about the input feature we might… or input features we might have.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, firstly, we have the PTE75, which is kind of already given to us by the HLT, which is kind of an initial prediction on what these quantities should be. We have tracker data, from the tracker.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And also, with each reading, we have an associated, kind of, 5x5 grid of crystals.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So for a PDC, you can only take in tabular features, you can't process things like images. So what you have to do is take this 5x5 grid and convert it into something which is hopefully meaningful to if you can see it. So there's some input features that are on the next slide, which I'll show. But yeah, it's essentially just taking widget sums of,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This grid over here, and ratios, to tell the model what the shell shape in this crystal grid looks like, and what kind of energies it contains.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So an alternative to privat is a neural network, because with a CNN, a convolution neural network, you can directly process images, so you skip this step entirely, where you kind of have to handcraft the variables you want to put into your model, and instead, you get a neural network to try to learn it for you.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, yeah, in terms of the BDC, we have 3 input features, that's this stuff over here, and we're predicting the correction factor. So we have an initial guessed on the energy, which is Eureka, and we're predicting a correction factor to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Reduce obsessing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In contrast, for the neural network, we're predicting the energy itself. So, we're getting shell-shaped features and the 555 crystal grid, but we're predicting the energy.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, here's a quick example. I don't want to go too far into it, of some of the features that could come in. So, on the left-hand side, this feature over here, sigma eta, eta. So again, if you look at the equation at the bottom, it comes from a weighted sum on the 555 crystal. So this data comes from the ECAMP.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And on the other hand, the data on the right-hand side comes from the tracker. So, two kind of separate sets of, variables and where they come from.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay. So, starting with the BDT, again, the target, or the thing that we're predicting, is the corrective factor, which is Y true.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And that's because we want to minimize… well, in terms of the loss function, again, we want to minimize this delta P by E, and if you rewrite this equation, you can get the loss function down over here. That's the ratio of corrective fact to corrective fact is minus 1, and then squaring everything.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So BET training looks like this. So, over here you have the validation code, and over here you have the train code. So, after a certain number of trees in your BET, you begin to overflip. However, they're both better than this kind of Rico baseline overhead, which is the baseline reconstruction of the HLT.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So because a BBT, or in this case HGBoost specifically, is a machine learning model, it's got some associated hyperparameters with it. So common ways to pick out hyperparameters is doing a grid search, or just kind of randomly selecting them and seeing what works best. In this case, we use something known as Optuna, which is a…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Package, which kind of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: automatically tries to select the best set of parameters for you, and you can get some nice parts as well. So, over here, for example, this package is picking out points, so, yeah, maybe just make this spot quickly. So, the loss of a given trial, or a set of five parameters that we've tried, is plotted as a kind of heat map.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And you see where losses are high. It doesn't like the sample points here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Whereas in regions where they're solo, it's much more likely to sample points in this region. So, maybe a kind of primitive bridge search would search this entire space, which will tune, what it does, it says, okay, this is a high region of us, I'm not going to search it. Instead, I'm going to focus my searches somewhere else.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that was used to optimize the hyperparameters.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And in terms of actual results, this is what we got in the end. So the result on the left-hand side is the correction in the barrel, and on the right-hand side is the correction in the end.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, although there is a significant improvement, so you can see, this…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Green peak is what we had before, and shifted closer towards, 1.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Which is what we want. One thing to mention as well, it's not error anymore, it's EMC divided by ER of an LTE, so we want the first one, as opposed to serum.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And for the MCAP, we see significantly more points in the central region over here, so there's a massive, massive difference in terms of, reconstructed and corrected electron-slash-photon energies.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the next one, the next model I tried was a deep learning, CNN-based architecture. So essentially what we're doing is we're taking these fabulous features, which the ABC also had access to.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we're passing it through an LRP, a multi-ceptron, and that's supposed to kind of embed the information
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: of these features over here into a higher dimensional space. The same is done with the image, so CNN is also supposed to embed this information into a higher dimensional vector.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: These two are squeezed together, and then we're passing it through MLP again to make a prediction. So if you want, the first part over here is kind of an encoder of your information to a high-dimensional space, this part over here is a decoder, back to energy predictions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So… this was a validation… this was the validation, or the training code.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For the neural network.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So it's significantly more spiky or fluctuating more in comparison to the DCF. And it's also just barely beating the baseline at points.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I'll come to the plots in a second. But another interesting feature is how closely the curves follow each other, which kind of indicates that two datasets
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The discipline training are big enough, for…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: They're large enough so that the two basically come from the same distribution, so the problem most likely lies in the model.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Which, oh yeah, another good thing to mention is for deep learning, GPU's obviously, offer a massive speedup.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: As opposed to CPUs. So yeah, for most settings, it wasn't highly optimized for CPUs, but for most settings, out of the box, CPUs are 4 to 6 times faster than pretty much all the CPU settings have tracked.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For the decoding network.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So these are the end results of the deburring network. So in the MCAT, specifically EE, the results are slightly better. However, in the barrel, the results are worse. So the neural network doesn't actually do a great job, reconstructing,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The stuff in the barrel.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Which is surprising in a sense, because it has access to all the same information as the, as the DVC, just that it has the entire image, so it even has more.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But if it's not able to kind of pick out the correct combinations of this in the image, then maybe this high property features end up outperforming, whatever the real network curve created.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So just to summarize, here is a set of some results for the VBT.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In different PT ranges. So you see there's a massive improvement for the Limous PT range, and there's a big difference between the eCal reconstruction and trackpress ECAL reconstruction. So, the bottom blue curve represents the reconstruction only using the calorimeter data on the BTT.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the red one incorporates tracker data, so that's a massive difference, because the tracker tends to perform better at liver PTs, whereas the high-end PT, the more similar these two kind of plots become. But the score is a noticeable difference over
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the e-book that is, that is the image of us.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, just to summarize… … I analyzed, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: E-gamma, photon electron samples using… and use ML to reduce uncertainty on scouting data. As we saw on the plot before, the largest reduction in uncertainties observed for electrons in 5 to 20,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: bigger electron volts that transverse momentum in. However, throughout all of the bins, all of these reconstructions are better than what we currently have.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Some things with the cutoffs, the electrons and photons that were incident on the supermodule gaps might need to be addressed differently, just because it's a different behavior, as opposed to in the middle of the crystal.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the CNN could be further optimized as well. So, the CNN has a lot of parameters that could be,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: play with, and it's also a lot more, kind of, susceptible to small changes. So there's a pretty wide space for scoring that can be done here to further… to further optimize the results. And yeah, I think that's everything. Thanks for listening.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Question for Bachel. What's in the room?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Why does ECOT design the 5x5 crystal? Sorry?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Say one more time. Why is the e-card design, or CMS e-card design as a 5x5 Crystal metrics?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I'm… yeah, good question. I'm not… Is that 4x4?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Come back then.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, I'm not entirely sure. Probably due to the… more due to the practical constraints of wiring and, …
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like, the…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the boxes need to be designed for a certain size, and the crystals are incredibly heavy, because they're a lot of lead times with crystals. Yeah, we have one in the deep section.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But I don't know why it's… It's not… I don't think it's superficial. It'll be just a combination of the actors and mechanics. I guess. Yeah, exactly, it does contain…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: a large amount of CMG.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, it's just a structural decision at that point.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: More questions? Mr. Spinner.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Do you know if your online electrons here have any sort of mechanism to do Gemstraleum energy recovery?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yes, one of the features that's available on the tracker is the master banks problem. There's a parameter called primarily.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And, yeah, that goes into the model as well.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I think, the… Live, reconstructed electrons only use ECAL data.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But the electrons reconstructed in some of these red clips over here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: do involve, the brainstorming ground, so…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Just maybe another thing that would be nice… so at the moment, this is all in Monte Carlo compared to a troop electron. Yes, sir.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You could also try comparing the online Electron to the offline reconstructed electron that's sort of the best
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: available modern reconstruction technology. And then you could cross-reference your Monte Carlo results also with data results, where you have a scouting event and the non-scouting event with a regular readout. Yeah. See if… make sure that what you've made to do in Monte Carlo also carries over that amount of data. Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, that's something we can do in the future.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But just look… just looking at these parts, I mean, for the media team, which seems to be sort of performing more reasonably, there seems to be that the peak is slightly offset in 1. Does this bother you? Is it something you want to be worried about? Yeah, so I think a big part of it is actually the loss function that we're using.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So again, in ML, the loss function basically comes from the higher probability of signing to each of these events. So the fact that we're, for instance, optimizing delta U over E, as opposed to just delta E indicates that the variance scales of E,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Which could be broadly true.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But I know that past people have also used crystal ball functions to model some of these detector response distributions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is a more primitive approach. In the future, if…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you're kind of able to construct a loss function from one of these crystal ball functions, which would have more parameters. Maybe these losses would be a bit more shifted over. So, for instance, maybe the left-hand distribution is always going to be a bit heavier than the right table. It's not captured by the current loss function. It treats them.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: On equal footing. So yeah, that's something you can do in the future, but it's going to take a bit more time.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You mentioned the GPU, which is GPU GPU, which is around one, or you, like, some of the GPUs? Yeah, I think it was wrong. The FHE machine. Yeah, the… the good GPU and the monthly norms.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But even if GPUs are significantly faster than just CPUs, which, again, is kind of best parameters, but…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, on the neural networks, GPUs always have worse speed off.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: More questions about this?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I don't see anything on Zoom, then let's thank him again.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's about…
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Any general questions for all the speakers of mine, maybe anybody wants to ask about their experiences or anything before the meeting?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Those meetings?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Seems not.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then, at the line of close for all the speakers.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, we'll be in the calligraphy in 10 minutes and heading for lunch. I believe all of you are joining, so please feel free to join us.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thanks.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We're closing the beginning.