STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I'm cool.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Welcome to this special seminar. It's my pleasure to to introduce our today's speaker.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Our speaker is just an
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Belenzuela Salzar from rale space he's based at our campus here itself. It's my pleasure to introduce him. And
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And he's a great mentor and an inspiring leader, and I had a good fortune to know him before even I joined Raoul
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: His journey in the physics, spans impressive range of disciplines and institutions to highlight some of the milestones, milestones of his professional journey.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: He begin with an integrated masters in, and physics at University of Valencia, laying a strong foundation in the field. He then pursued a Phd. In Atomic Physics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: where he made precision measurements of the bound electron G factors in hydrogen. Like Ions. His postdoctoral career reflects a remarkable breadth of expertise and curiosity.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: At the laboratory Kastler brossel in in Ferris. He explored molecular spectroscopy with the goal of measuring the electron Proton, Mass. Ratios.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: He then moved to Barcelona, where he delved into quantum optics and cavity. Qed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Before heading to the University of Birmingham. There he played a key role in establishing the atom interferometer group working on applications that extended into civil engineering and even archeology.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In 2014 he took in on a new challenge, launching quantum sensing activities from the scratch as a group leader at Raul space
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: founding what became the 1st quantum technologies group in the national Labs
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: since then the group has grown to 5 members, and now conducts cutting edge research across a variety of quantum sensing applications.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So without any further ado, please join me in welcoming Tristan. Tristan floor is yours.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: thanks to you, brief for the flattering, a bit exaggerated. Thank you very much for inviting me to to this seminar
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: person, please, exactly if we need to do the presentation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And also if someone wants to see
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this kind of things in the lab, I'm open to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: people in small groups to visit the labs over in our 100.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, as I said as
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so, just send me an email, and we can arrange the timings.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But yeah, there's no problem.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I'm I guess it's all the time crazy today.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's a bit early.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: yeah. And the content source of some technology program leaderboard space. So which is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: bit larger than a group leader. So it's I'm a group leader in that. I manage people. But I also manage a program of work. This is a new way of working in broad space where we work in a matrix environment. So
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: where we get programs. And we get
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to draw resources from different groups. One of the groups is my group, but other groups around that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I will talk about pumping
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: quantum technologies for applied and from a medical physics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And of the 1st thing is, I will talk a bit, see my screen from there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I would talk a bit about what we understand by quantum technologies what the applications are.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then I will introduce our working horse in my group that is called autophone.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then I will talk about one particular project, about atmospheric science with atomic technology and then another one about gravitational waves. And
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so again, quantum technologies. Quantum technology sounds something new, but it has been around for more than a century now. So since
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: start of the quantum revolution in the early 20th century where
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the photoelectric effect was discovered, and then so conductivity, laser, transistor.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: they several type of technologies that we all use in day to day basis right now.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But all these technologies also enable us to control matter
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in a very precise way that would enable and what it's called now part of technology to a point.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Oh, that is, using the 1st generation of technologies to to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: very interesting things with matter that enabled further work here, computing communications, imaging and sensing so
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: interesting. I left something side because we've been talking return.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So imaging, for example, you can use single photons
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and generating of entangle photon sources that allow you to detect with one photon
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and an object that has been seen by a theater important to the one to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you have detected. This can enable you to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: irradiate with infrared light and object
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that otherwise would be damaged by your visible light.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and you can detect a visible light where
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: your sensor is more sensitive to that, you can get a better image.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This has also applications in
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: using imaging with very, very low light single photon levels, where you can again
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: protect your object from damage from resources.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then everyone has heard about on the marketing. It's the big boss thing, and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the last 5 to 10 years where you can.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The fact that quantum mistake is not either
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 0 1, but anything between as well. You depend to perform much
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: complex calculations in a finite time that a classical computer cannot do
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in the time of the universe.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then you have quantum computations where you can use.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, entanglement to distribute quantum keys without the risk of being intercepted.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: because if the key isn't, 1 of the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 2 parts of the case intercepted, the other part will know that that one has been accepted because of the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the quantity sake being projected into a real, well defined.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: a state, and then you see that your statistics don't follow what should be. Therefore something has happened.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You describe that key and continue, and time consensive
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: all the things on the right rely on having very good control of noises and environments, because the environment
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: interacts with the accounting systems.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: On the other hand, you can use that quantum system
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: fragility to detect what is going around in the environment like measure masses or
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: rotations, accelerations, magnetic fields and things like that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: one important thing for me is that I will be talking about quantum technologies minus quantum computing. I don't talk about quantum computing. There is enough quantum computing over there in the quantum computing center.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So and I want to dedicated quantum technology exists beyond anthropability.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So what applications do quantum technologies have?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Well.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you can do as I said, is use the fact that the quantum systems are very, very sensitive to the environment
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to detect what's going on around that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so can be used for air consolation, planetary science, space weather
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like measuring accelerations and magnetic fields, electric fields
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to do Geo. Geodesy, and see how masses move around the earth, how masses move below the feet. If you do it from here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You can use partial technologies to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: do tests of biological physics, like the current principle test of general relativity and dark dog detection
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for additional work, protection, and more on the applied part of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the spectrum that you can use them for enhanced communications in particular.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: across space. We we're involved in things in color. Here in red are technologies that we aim to have space based
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and blue technologies that we would be
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: having grown basically the 1st instance.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and it spans fundamental physics and applied physics in both communications at
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: f observation, geology and fundamental physics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I will mainly be talking about atmospheric science, gravity.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: wave detection, and that matter detection in rest of the talk.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So a key tool for everything we do is accelerometry, measuring accelerations accurately. And, as Newton told us, you can measure accelerations by having an apple tree dropping an apple
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and measuring the write off well of docket
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: upper with time to get the acceleration of credit. Very simple.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: By the way, there is another way which you can put a mass hanging in our spring and measure the elongation of the screen, you know the constant of the screen.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and you also get the acceleration of gravity.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This has been done with high
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: accuracy and sensitivity in the past by having phone calling corner cubes and using we got some interferometer.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: As you can see, the following corner queue makes one of the arms of the interferometer shorter, and then you have the fringes, and you see the passing to count them. You measure accordingly the right of which the current queue forms
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: another one is just to have a very upmarket digital scales
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: with a non mass. If you see how the mass
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: when changes not the gravity of the underneath your feet has changed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Know it is this was our archaeology project that we had when I was in Birmingham
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we had 1st a classic algorithm to then be able to compare 100 parameters.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So all the things are very good and can be very, very accurate, but have limitations
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: main limitations from springs is that springs age. So the the constant of the spring changes over time.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and therefore you need to recalibrate constantly. So it's
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: good if you have an absolute parameter close by where you can go, calibrate it.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: put it back what you were measuring, and then you have also measure noise measure without noise
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for the poly queue, which is much more accurate.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you have the problem that the current cube is a microscopic mass, and at the moment when you release it, it drops in and you can fall.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: but the ground would bounce because the mass of the object that the ground sits is smaller by a small amount, but big enough
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to limit that the measurement capabilities of this kind of devices. Then you also have residual vibrations of the all the mechanism working there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and all this limitations can be overcome. If you go to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: on the parameters, where do you replace the test? Masses by
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: atomic species that have a negligible mass compared to everything around, that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the repetition right now is not limited by the mechanism moving things up and down.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There's no moving parts. So there's no integrations and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: kind of things. And of course we don't have a string of the system.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Clean up. Notes might be a problem, but usually it can be down to the quantum limit, which is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so, how all this thing works. So what we do is atomic, as I said. And to begin with, we have to understand what is electronic with. So if you should
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: particle of light throughout our sleep, we all know that it interferes with itself.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and this was already demonstrated long, long ago, and then oops.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then in the early 20th century, it was paused.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That matter also behaves as a wave under certain conditions, and this was our 1st
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: proposed by the rupee in 1925, and only 2 years later. There were already electrical diffraction experiments going on both in the Uk and the Us.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is what we do a bit more involved on that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But basically it's just doing matter where you need telecommetry similar to this.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Going back to light interfurniture.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If you have a laser
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: build a couple of business leaders and mirrors just with the path of the light, and if there's
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: something affecting the face in one of the arms of the interferometer
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: at the output, you will see an interference pattern, and if you change the face you would see this interface button changing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The same thing can be done with smart.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You just need to figure out how to do that, basically the numerics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But in principle you get a matter of life and you split it and put it back together, and then they will interfere.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this has been shown even in space. So that's a picture of an adult. Actually, it's a series of pictures. Each one of them is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: at individual picture
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: of our students, and how to do that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: A few concepts. 1st one, I guess everyone that's great
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: knowledgeable about is energy and momentum conservation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you have an atom in a ground, say, that gets excited with a photon that is resonant to the transition, the momentum to from the photon
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: gets transmitted to that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: On the other hand, if you have an atom in an excited state, eventually it will decay
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: under spontaneous emission
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: from the bottom.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's very nice, and it's a very interesting tool that we will need in in a few slides.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Another tool that we need is that we need to control the atoms that we would be using.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Important thing to know is that at room temperature atoms move at around the speed of sound at around 300 meters per second.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: depending on the kind of adoption. Okay.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that's sort of mind. Then, if you plan to do an experiment, you cannot
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for- for some extended period. You cannot have atoms at room temperature, area of interest, so we need to pull them down, stop them
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to almost a rice, so that they stay where we want them to stay.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For doing that, we need conservation of momentum because we need to stop them. So by keeping.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But also we need to put them in the right spread place and just stop them in the right direction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For that we use a double effect in that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If you have a true level atom.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this address, and you have a laser that has a given energy short of the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: transition energy that you need. If that same atom is moving towards the laser.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then it will see the laser with slightly higher energy because of the doubler effect.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: or if it's moving away from the laser, would be seeing the laser away from the rest.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Since transitions are not sharp, they have some language due to the principal.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This gives you that the transition probability for that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Why
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: is that atoms that are moving towards the laser are more likely to absorb photos and therefore get kicks.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then they move the atoms that are moving away from the base. The fact is that we have a laser pointing at an atom cloud.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then atoms that move towards the laser get kicked and get records.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: patterns that are moving away. They don't.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So by putting lasers in all 3 directional space, you can
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: stop atoms in all 3 directions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This works because absorption is only in the direction of the laser, we, where remission is random
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in all directions, therefore it has a
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 0 effect on average after a few cycles.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This calls you the atoms
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in different places, but doesn't put them in one place for doing that. We need the then, if you
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in the area where you have the atoms get a magnetic field that is linear increasing the distance from from the origin.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What happens is that their energy levels move in
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the magnetic moment of- of- of the of the level.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And in this case, if you choose, the right kind of pattern boots out, therefore
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: outcomes about all that way
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: from the center. I'm more likely to get kicks than the ones that are in the center.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So if you put all this together.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then you get a nice cold cloud of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: either, say, moving the atoms in the it is above
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: a premium. Atoms at the temperature of about 100 micro campaign.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: No credit starts around that. Only vacuum analysis.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Ben, we want to manipulate them. We want to create those mirrors and bin splitters. We need another tool
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that is concept of a sorry. Sorry, we said interrupt. So why not? You want to decrease the the radiation of the environment, using your
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: radiation and Blackpool in radiation at 1st order doesn't affect us
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: because the the transitions are very, very narrow. So the amount of power
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that is in that particular line. It's negligible
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: at those levels. So if you are doing
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: ultra precise upon the clocks with stability on the order of 10 to minus 18, then. Yes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you want to cool down the environment. So you don't have black body radiation. But actually, what is doing in that case is shifting the energy levels due to the stack shift.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But you don't have actual absorption of photons, because the the amount of the number of photos you get
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in the in the energy level is negligible.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It could be up. But it doesn't bring you anything.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So to manipulate the atoms. We we use a concept called random solutions
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in that. If you have a 2 level of them and 2 level items don't exist cool.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and you excite continuously with the laser on resonance, the true level atom, it will
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: go from the ground state to the excited state, and then, due to the fact that the instant coefficient for a simulated emission is the same as the one for absorption will cycle in a Sinusolar way
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: over time. If you continue exciting
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the frequency of that oscillation is given
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: by how far that you are from the actual energy of the transition. And how successful is that to- to your photos? Basically, the electronic moments.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this psychosaurival behavior has a very, very close in probability is that if you stop the laser
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: at a certain point, you can choose the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: where the operation of the atom
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: cloud would be, and then the ground state the cycle set, or anywhere in between.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So if you measure that target frequency
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: of your translation on the laser.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then you can predict
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for a length of a given length of a laser pulse. You can predict what the population will be.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In particular. There are 2 points of interest. One is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: what we call a by half false. It is a false where the argument yes, I have.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Where you have a population of exactly one half, maybe.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Oh, atom that was initially on the ground state will go to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 50 50% superposition of being on the ground and excited, sick.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I think
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the one that is on the excited state also got a momentum recorded from the photon that if that's wrong, so
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that's important, then there is a second interesting point is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: a pulse that has a pile left.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That means has 100% probability of exciting atom. So an atom that was originally on the ground state will go to the excited state. The one that was on the excited state will go to the ground state
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and revert, reversing the momentum state that it had.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then, by using these 2 kind of pulses and assuming that they are going to set up originally
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: at 1st ish, you can get an autumn cloud, you can prepare it to be in the ground state
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and think about.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: An atom told us just an ensemble of many atoms, like all of them being on the ground state.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Or you can think about doing this experiment with just a single button and working in several times for averaging purposes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So you can populate the the atom to the ground set, and at the known initial momentum state
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: at some point later you shine. I have false, that puts it in a superposition of being on the ground state and excited state has a momentum recording
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so, and from that point the atom is traveling
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: physically in 2 different positions and 2 different.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So again, tweets.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Sorry, but there for your choice. So if at some point
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you measure, if the atom is here or there you collapse the state, but you measure the atom in both places.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So then, after a while.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you create, you- you create that bypass that reverses the momentum and the internal state, so
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: reversing the Territories so that they go into
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that will cross at some point, and then
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: at the exact time where the crossing to shine, a lot of pi over 2,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: plus that the addition of creating a superposition of the 2 States.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it erases the which path information, because after here
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and atom that came out this path, you don't know if it came through that one or through that one
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: assuming everything was perfect.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now, weekend measure, they probably get better on screen one way or the other.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If nothing happens and all the passes were perfect, you should have 50 50 probability of having them in.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Hi there!
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Things like this that all the normal sink.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But if something happened here that added that differential face to one of the 2 parts
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that you will see an imbalance in the populations at the end.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and that's an autometer per meter.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the baby.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and that's definitely a perimeter where nothing happened.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But now you may have an acceleration that has distorted everything and make everything, Columbus
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: all all here. It's semi classical. So we have to kind of state, but the directors are classical.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So then you can't measure this distance, because this distance
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it's imprinted into the atoms. As the face of the laser at these positions, and from there
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it can be the use that the phase difference between the 2 paths is proportional to this time squared.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The split between these 2 that is given by the effective momentum of the photons
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and any acceleration that was there in the direction of that momentum.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And that's that big tip is very important. That is square
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in that. If you want to do
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: very precise measurements of the face.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: one way to do it is to make this the big
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and doing a lot at making it big.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: but by making it big you need to make your size bigger.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Therefore you need a very long baseline.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Oh, you can go to space.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That of some phone with respect to the spacecraft, so they say in the system.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's why in brown States?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, now to the applications
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so classical granometers have been used and are being used at the moment from space
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to measure the gravity of the Earth system.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And that- that movie that it's from a mission that stopped in 2017 already, because
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: blue is in blue is decreasing in gravity and red is increasing gravity, and the level here is an equivalent centimeters of water.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So you see how, during the year.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: gravity changes from being negative to positive with respect to other
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: mainly due to the water cycle. So rain versus drop.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and also at some points you see in Iceland the ice cups melting.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Get it fixed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Question how in this case you're making connection for the Earth shape. It's not perfect sphere.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You have some mountains whatever. And then, through the face of we don't. We don't. We don't see the shape we only see. Right?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah. But Grant is different in different place. Yes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the satellite is moving in an orbit that follows a geodesic. So path, that is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: on the same gravity all the time. Okay.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So in this kind of measurement, it was aimed at measuring the variable path
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: of gravity. So how it changes over time. There is another subject called where the focus was to measure
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the static part of gravity. So, seeing how the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: not shape, because it's not always shape.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Sometimes you have excesses of mass where there is no mountains, because some accumulations are underground
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: increases of mass in other places where there are mountains, but
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the empty core capacity is slower.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So those are 2 different things that people are interested in and taking those into account.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this kind of images are very nice, but they don't have enough special resolution and in enough.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But you can also solution the gravity. Sensing, therefore, there is a
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: concept of going beyond what can be done with task of where it is using
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: quantum parameters so based on quantum accelerometers, and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: making use of the fact that the sensitivity escapes with the length of 3 different square.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it can be envisaged to gain sensitivities to a definite level.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's not true, because, of course, you've set up this morning. So you use special resolution with you.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Wait for a long time. A satellite moves at around 7 kilometers per second. So if you want to measure for 10 seconds, you are
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: measuring an average of 70 kilometers.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this gives you unlimited sensitivity or versus special solution. So you can have very high sensitivity
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: with loss, resolution, or high resolution with logs of speed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we have a broad space we have been working.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: helping the European Space Agency, getting that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we have been developing vacuum chambers and magnetic shields
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and everything that is needed to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to build this kind of system based on on that concept.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Another thing that we are doing is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: use the fact that we can, in addition of pointing down and measuring gravity. We can also point forward and measure accelerations.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And that's my particular. That project
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: is to try to to measure the versity of the our cosmosphere, the thermosphere, and why the thermosphere is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the interface between the earth and outer space, and it plays an important role in the energy balance of the system.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So understanding better how this thing works, may help understanding how energy balance
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: works on, how the energy is transported.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: works, and how it works as well.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So in there, there is the fact that there's not
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: many data about the density of this part of the this lack of data. So there's a niche of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: science that can be done there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In addition, there's another interest. But there's no contract.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in that. That part of the atmosphere is where most of the satellites live in particular the they call new space. So all the satellites from
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: our masks lives here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and since they don't know the density, they don't know the drug, therefore they don't know how long the supplies will leave.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Therefore there's a commercial interest in understanding this as well
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: within that. My proposal is to build large chipset of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this size, where we would be measuring the drive, and from the driver.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: with other data extract that the density of the atmosphere. We have been busy in the last couple of years into
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: developing a red phone. Probably we don't have a mission approved yet, but we are trying to build an instrument
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so to build an instrument that will fit into that is quite challenging. Actually.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this is how the thing will look like without the solar panels and all the avionics. And in this great black box here, with the instrument B,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and we have gone beyond the cap model, and we have built a magnetic shield that is, as my director says, a boring box.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What's interesting is what this inside is. All the vacuum chamber and the optics and the magnetic field generation system required to do the cold office. And this is a model, but it has gone beyond the card model.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now we have a 3D. Printed blocking chamber made of titanium
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that can do the the combatant things.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and we have put it together inside the system.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and we have developed the optics to fight in the tight space that we have.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and with cooperation of the University of Nottingham, we have created a novel system for creative fields that don't
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: rely on microscopic coils, but on flat surfaces
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that allow us to to reduce the the amount of power
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that is required to generate the things we want and to be have put all this under to see if we survive a launch
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: on the left. It's persistent in one of the thermal vacuum systems where we could cycle
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the temperatures and the vacuum to in the range that we would expect to see in in space.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then here, on a vibration table. We would propagate the checking when launching the thing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It was nice, but the optics didn't survive. So we have some lessons learned there. So we know why.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that's not the issue.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, top. Or most like silence.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now remind, there's a question.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, it's important, and that the phase difference between these 2 paths is proportional to the momentum
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: vaccinations and the time.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this tells you that we can measure that face. That is what we measure. Is only that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So if then, if we know 2 of these 3 things.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: then we can get the cell phone
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which gives you information about automatic interactions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Therefore, information about potential ultra like that matter per additional field would be subleaf.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Some background noise that we have to deal with.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and time and time would present itself as a manifestation of the gravitational waves. So so mate, so
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: he lost 30 years or so around.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There has been people interested in doing this kind of things for fundamental physics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Here it shows some examples.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: One is content atom front end in Stanford which they
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: try to test the Cronus principle. They have demonstrated superposition of 2 clouds of atoms around half a meter distance.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So it's a world record of superposition at big businesses.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then there's a similar experiment in Wuhan, China, of doing similar kind of experiments for Collins principle
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in Germany as well, and again at the Cronus principle, then
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: margins in the Us. And Stanford, and I am in the Uk, where, with a succession of 10 meter
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and longer baselines, we are aiming at once, for, like that matter, anchor additional wave detection.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then in Wuhan again in China they have a lot of money, so they're planning to do a huge system to do everything so
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: close to talking about that and go additional weight.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: using a combination of vertical and horizontal atometer parameters.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and in France they they have 2 plans to to build a horizontal.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: other meter for meters to do gravitational wave protection.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so gravitational waves and dark matter.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Here are the plots of sensitivities of here to the characteristics train
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: from Ligo and Las interferometers in this part of the frequency spectrum of the gravitational waves
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and Lisa on that part of the spectrum.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But there is a gap here, and that gap is the one that is able to to fill.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And with the 1st iteration I don't commit us. We don't expect to see anything with Alion.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: A 100 meters we might be able to see merges of black holes with masses of one to a 4
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: solar masses. If there are many of those.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: but then we've if we go through kilometer scale, then we could
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: then be competitive and measuring the same kind of signals that both Lisa and liable I'm actually.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And the importance of filling this gap is that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this horizontal lines is the frequency evolution of an event in the frequency spectrum, because you have the 2 masses
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: goes spiraling around, and I'll stay merge together. The
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the distance becomes smaller, and therefore the frequency chirps up, and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: if you are able to detect something here, it would be nice to be able to follow it until it gets appear.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and this would allow to do multi messenger
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: as strong also because this merger thing it spends most of the time in this low frequency and almost no time in this frequency. So if you're able to detect here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You have more time to tell your optical astronomist. Look, there's something happening there, and they can point the telescopes and then study it.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in ultralight, that matter. So again, the same thing happens. So you better tell me that, Ron, and see anything
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and the meter probably also nothing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then, with the cali with the kilometer. We have some chances of of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: going beyond the limits that were set by microscope, and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: especially if you click in something.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that's good.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What island
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: atom interferometry observer network, I call it Ion, but people call it a ion and many other ways.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, as I said that the the model philosophy is to build 1st of 1010 meter divide
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for testing and characterization, then
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: a larger prototype that would give us an insight of how this thing works, and be able to to see what kind of noises we have to deal with, and potentially
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: start having some protections. If this kind of events happen.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then the real-, the real deal will come later in the kilometer scale. And M is a collaboration of raw space particle physics
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and technology here at Raoul and 6 other universities across the Uk.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the 10 meter device, it will be located in Oxford, in someone in the recovery building.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and it comprises 2. Actually, 2 autometer format is separated by 5 meter with respect to each other.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and the point of having 2 atometer parameters separated
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then integrated with a single laser, is that you can reject the noise
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: of the laser by doing the fresh emission and 22 that is interrogating both 2 months.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: again, as I said earlier, so what's important is that the face of the laser is imprinted into the atoms at the position where they are.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then what happens is that you have the 12 clouds
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and we use. And that's a very important point in that. Before I said in a joke about not exist.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and sourcing is very interesting, because it has a very long, live, excited state that has a lifetime of 150 seconds.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So for all purposes, this is a 2 level system, and we'll be good
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: outcomes. These. Accept the site. Please say that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for the foreseeable future. So we are planning to do expense in 10 seconds.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: just a fraction of the 100 participants per day.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So if you have the dragons, the dragons, they have an internal clock.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and you put them in a superposition.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And what happens after a while
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: is that they have accumulated some pace.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The excited state has committed. A face of this, you know, by the time has spent on that excited state.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The interesting point is that what happens is that the February additional wave comes by
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: happens is that the 2 atoms will be affected differently because of the different position.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's why they keep me tough
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: place, you know, of paper so.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and the way it does is that the proper time of the atom will be different by a small fraction. Delta T.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this will end up killing you.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Different interferimeter pattern between the 2, you know, for meters that will just subtract
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: doesn't go away as it does with the noise from the laser.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's basically the the regiment principle.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I am. Until now we have been
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: developing atom sources, and we have been designing the term meter system.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now, since we have certain sources, one of our
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: one of the teams in in the collaboration at Imperial College, they have been able to demonstrate the concept.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: not in autometer, but well, this sounds
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: where they have inside one of the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Account sources that we have 5 of those in different locations. One
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: one is a 12 space. There's 1 in one in Cambridge, one in Birmingham.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Oh, what we using the one they have created 2 cloud patterns inside the system.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and you can see they click the close button and they split it in 2.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So they load what is called a diaper trap. It's it's basically an opt-optical tracer, and they have
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 2 open clouds, are separated by a small distance.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then, by showing the laser pulse, they can induce a face
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: into one of the arms of data for meters of around.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I'm not just get 63 min cool.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so that how it works is they have the 2 clouds.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: They do the intercommeter. But then, at some point in the middle of the intercommeter, they create. This structure
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: creates a little phase difference between the 2 parts.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You want the 20 kilometers.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What happens is that if you read out into the program at the end, and you could measure the probability of having, like a certain ground state.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: As compared with the applied phase to this control.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you get this nice shape, but if you plot
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in 2 dimensions, you get this ellipse by feeding this ellipse.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you get the price. Difference we we could is applied to that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What happens is that what we wanted to do they wanted to do is to check what happens if you have noise, that you don't need anything. So what they do is artificially, they could add some random noise to the system.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is a system without randomized.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is the same thing where you have random noise applied to the laser.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Don't see anything. There's not into program, would you not?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It did upload it again into the nations to get almost exactly the same ellipse, and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to get if by freezing the lips. You get the fence.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So what?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The face was measured to be exactly the one that we had a blunt and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: doing this experiment again and again and again they can average, and then they can do statistics
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and instruct the along deviation. So basically seeing how the noise behaves and they see that this is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the behavior of the summit enterprise.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: They say that both in the no external noise on the London noise evolves
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in a way that is within some uncertainties within the limits of the standard quantum limit.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we can do that if it works
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that we'll see later on. That's why we need to do that. So pops up to fit.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So here, my space, what we are trying to do is not exactly that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the best signal you can get
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: gets better with the square root of the actual number gets better by the integration times gets better by
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: lots of different parameters.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: larger. The number of momentum tips that we give to the atoms and everything. The other space. We are concentrated in having atom sources that can create more atoms.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And we we need to push the limits beyond what is now the setup there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So with in that frame, in collaboration with
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: people here in particle, physics and technology, and also in Stanford and Imperial and Oxford, we have developed a new atom source
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: with the goal of improving with respect to that one, and we now
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: having very, very, very preliminary results in that we have, that is true.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and do the 1st stage on trapping atoms. This is those trapped in only 2 dimensions. So it's a precursor
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for a cold campaign that there will be pushed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Who was this fault?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You, too?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So it was created here, pushed towards this hall into this chamber where later will be tracked.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But for now, what we want to do
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: is to see how many atoms we have.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 1st stopping me that 1st one.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so that will come here to the second part.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then come this direction, and we have a laser beam that is rossounding this other direction. And then we see the fluorescence that comes there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and by doing a spectroscopy of those atoms we can see what velocity, distribution they have, and we can see how many there are, and at which rate they come in.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Those are very, very, very preliminary data. So let's that's jump to what's a week ago.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and where we play with different parameters, we see how the flux of atoms
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: gets increasing, and we see that we now get
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to fluxes of the order of 10 to 9 enthus per second, which is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: what we did expect, and it's points that the design is the right one.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We might be on the way to beat the world, record in
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: number of atoms and flux of atoms in this kind of system.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yes, ma'am, go to the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to the staff, talks and interviews if we manage to to demonstrate that this is actually true.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And with that, thank you very much. I would like to thank all collaborators here and technology
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: my team and electronics team in the group.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: thank you very much.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thank you for the fascinating talk, Christine.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Questions 1st from the room.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: One of the things that as you know, people are really concerned about is decoherence, and you mentioned it. And and you were talking about putting something in Oxford. There's a lot of talks and things that just moving outside is that I mean, can you compensate against all that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we have a group within in college group is working. That that's the main focus of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the research in the project is to try to understand the noise sources
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: on how they couple to the system
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then potentially, we can filter them out.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So they have training areas, also that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And they've seen that there are some no sources that can be mitigated by doing clever
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: ways of changing the reputation rate of the interferometer, so that you don't have
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: prefer frequencies into the system.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then there's also the we have to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for the- for the 10 meter, one in the bigger building. We don't have much flexibility, but later on, in the 100 meter of the kilometer. Instead of having
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the 2 interpreters at a fixed distance of 5 meters, you could have some at 5 meters, and some of us at some different distances here, so that the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the the intrinsic frequencies, both especially and temporally off.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: can be controlled, and therefore you can mitigate
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: by understanding the the natural frequencies of of your knowledge.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: If I carry this other forward, if we have point in computing, would they have to be very worried about decoherence effects
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: they- they have to be worried, obviously.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: but that the coupling mechanisms are different for us. The the killer
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: mechanism is the one that you can ship against.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So if you have gravity and gravity gradient, that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you can do anything out that you, the best thing you can do is to know what you have as.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and model it into your system and try to.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Sorry. But if you have big masses moving randomly.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and you would have a black, a white noise floor that you kind of.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yes, anything? Questions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 1st of all. Thank you for the presentation. You had a graph earlier of iron sensitivity, and it had
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: various baseline mates.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yes, with brackets initial and then final.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Why is there a distinction between the initial sensitivity and the final sensitivity? What are you doing in between to improve it.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we're improving.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the thing is that there are basically 4 parameters. So
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: control the sensitivity. One is the item number or another one is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the momentum transfer to the atoms.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and another one at the time this is fixed, and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then there is that we can
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: beat also the noise by creating more sophisticated quantum States where you can squeeze the State. So getting
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: trade off between the phase of that and the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the amplitude and this kind of things, and the initial is
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: assuming that when we build this thing we are able to the to- to deploy the current state of the art in all these parameters. So, whatever
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the best group in the world, has something, a lot of numbers, whatever the best world group in the world has something
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in sweeten that web functions, and this kind of things. And
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the the goal is that we have a roadmap of improving on all those parameters, and that's
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: if we reach our goal in that roadmap. We aim to be there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: but it will be. It will take time, because it is very ambitious, and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: what people have done best until now is not because they were lucky and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and they go back. It's just they have been spending a lot of time to get that. So if you want to go beyond that, it's almost commercially more difficult. So
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it takes 5.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that's why we don't foresee to be much we understand of there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: By the time we'll we'll be we really like, but won't be tomorrow
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: on the same bot the size of the improvement to the kilometer on relative to your other
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: lines. Yeah. Doesn't seem to.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yes,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: actually would. Still in the wrong size. I think that the improvements within. They are actually quite big. I'm actually the graphs I've got haven't got those
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the difference. And I'm surprised by the also magnitude you are gaining within
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 100. Okay, there you are. That's basic Tvl type of but
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it. But it's still 2, 3 orders of magnitude that you're gaining there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I think this part here is limited by the very degree of knowledge.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But to kind of we go back, you can go.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You can improve on that area there.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What noise did you say? Oh, so that defines why, the purple, I think.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now, the purple. That's right. That's the Space X is in space.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Oh, okay, but the lines still at the same place. Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Do you have any questions from Zoom? If you do, please send me again. Go ahead.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: No answers any other questions from room, please.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this is dark matter interacting locally with the atoms. Yes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and the signature of that would be different than gravitational waves, or something else. Yes, so
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this will charge. So it's not a particle it's up to you.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you assume, for that matter, people assume that it's not homogeneous around the solar system. So you have high densities in some places and lower densities.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you know. There's also high intensities of the field, your intensities of the field.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Therefore, the coupling to the atoms that comes through the effective effective refund structure, constant in that position
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: will be different, depending on the intensity of the dark matter field.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What happens is that as the earth orbits around the sun, there will be a modulation of the signal, so you would have to measure the same thing
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for a long time to see a modulation of the signal.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and from that motion you can start.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I'm correct because I have my approval.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is just a discussion sort of question for the particle businesses as well. I mean, you've talked about doing these experiments in in on the earth here, what about going into space? And oh, yeah, that's okay. But then the other, the question I wanted to ask, would you be able to then push the limit of that down so that you can start seeing something like quantum gravity effects.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I don't know.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Not at the moment. So depends. What?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What are the comparable to? Yes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: well, it'd be very similar in the sense that they are actually interacting. And to decohere the the system that you've produced in. Or you may want to use different kind of systems. Maybe you want to use.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For example, that there was.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So it's a proposal to do, and fundamental distribution
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: between somewhere in space and the earth, and see how the timing of the photos ownerships
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: due to the fact that they travel throughout this space which should not, unless there's something interacting with that
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and things of that sort. But I guess she would be more sensitive
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: if you have this kind of no local
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: states at the larger businesses, because for us
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we are aiming to to have the localization of the way function of the other meetings.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yes, maybe geometry. Yes, quantum ground kicks off.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I would imagine that the effect is very, very small small businesses, so you would need to go to large
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: distances to be able to see something. So I'm suggesting we scrap visa and turn that into a quantum gravity sensor.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Come to me because all the money all the money that goes into it could come in.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Don't tell me outside this room.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay. Well, I'll come back to you. Then there's 1 last thing I mean. There there was an experiment done. It was a young slit experiment, you probably remember it was the one done in Venice. Actually they had a signature where the face of the 2 beams were interfered with. They've never explained that result. Have you had any explanation since then, or is it
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: because they put it down to some anomaly anomalous gravity effect. Using this kind of things. Yeah, there's people in Berkeley
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and that are trying to measure royals and volumes. Yeah, and then there is Mark Kasavich
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and Stanford is trying to measure.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: He claims the customer should.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What was it? I don't know former effect job effects.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Interesting? Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And entanglement of your additional videos. Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Oh, that is interesting.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: He claims every time he says.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, thank you for answering so many questions. Let me ask you again
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: if you'd like to join Speaker for lunch, please do. We're going for lunch in the country.