STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So Ivana asked me to give you a seminar about the ship, especially in particles, and my work in that context. Maybe a very briefly of my involvement in the ship after working on ship since my Phd. Starting in 20 early 2016,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and now basically following on the entire process now up to Google and beyond. And nowadays I'm mostly busy coordinating the computing for the experiment. But I've also involved with many other aspects, and I'll try to touch on most as many of those as I can in these slides.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and as you see, this is kind of, on the one hand, from the proposal to what reality hopefully will be for the experiment. But then, also, it's a bit on ship of defaults. A lot of things have changed over the years, sometimes very aggressive, but in the end the end result is actually quite close to what we started with.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: with everything kind of being replaced by things that same function and also reach basically the exact same or even better performance. For all the physics cases we consider
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so generally, the idea behind shit is that we want to study the sensitivity frontier or intensity frontier.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Basically, we all know there's plenty of things right now which we hope to find beyond the star model. However, so far we have seen very little there. There might be things that high energies there could be things that low couplings, and we focus on the second possibility. And of course you also have the formation of both, which is very, very hard to see indeed, and as a result, it focuses on
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the area here inaccessible colliders to complement what's currently possible at the Nyc. And then also future facilities, like data, sea or whatever might come beyond
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so ship really tries to focus in on this region and be the best experiment there that we can build
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to understand the performance and how to guide the design of the experiment. We mostly focus on the so called formalism.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This allows us to basically classify in a quite model, independent way the different possibilities of extensions of the standard model by weekly couple of particles, and the general idea is that you have some portal particle where we can do renormizations on how things could be connected, standard model. And then beyond this portal there might be an entire sector of the hidden particles or dark particles which we might be able to access.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and this portal allows us to then categorize things into a few different possibilities, which we can then try to discover. And here the option basically to have something scalar. For example, a dark Higgs, you can have a vector, particle. This could be a dark proton or something
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: with the more complicated mixing patterns. We can have a fermion there. The only option is something like a heavily neutral lepton or sea salt neutrino, and finally also axiom, like particles, are a possibility.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: These portals generally give us 2 different signatures. We can start. We can try to look for
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: here on the left you have a scattering signature. This is something where you it's similar to neutrino. You want to have a very heavy, dense detector. You can then use to study the interaction point, and then the other possibility to have a displaced vertex decay. So you have produced some weakly coupled particle with a very producing it. It will have a long lifetime, and then you hope for it to decay your detector.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then you play numbers game with a huge detector. You want to have as many particles as possible, and then you cross your fingers that something will see something, and of course you have to make sure, especially in that case, that the background from standards is 0 for this decay. And see, we're looking for both the decays which are fully reconstructed where you see all the different particles, which is very important for smoking gun if you want to make a discovery claim.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But then to get the ultimate sensitivity, your forces want to be able to to see the case where you have maybe a female skating, and so on.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this already gives us a background generally for the decay signatures. The main backgrounds are indeed neutrinos. So even in the evacuated decay volume, the dominant background is from neutrinos, interacting with the residual molecules of that volume.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then you also have interactions of neurons with the material around the decay volume which could create 0 particles. And finally, also any parts that make it through. Other sensors undetected, could create some sort of fall in the background.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that's what the decay signature for scattering signature is more complicated. There you do have some background from neutrino scattering, but those you can see you can distinguish kinematically and play some other tricks, for example.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this brings us now to the 1st example sketch of ship, and then, later on we'll go in detail into all different components. But this is going to be a bit of an overview as a fixed target experiment ship has a proton beam impinging on a very high density target to create as many action as possible and suppressed decays.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then you have a haven't stopper and an active neural shield to get rid of all salmon particles apart from neutrinos.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then finally, you have a scattering detector, the decay volume
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then Pelvic, to reconstruct what happened in the cable.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and using these 2 detectors, it aims to be the best experiment
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for low low mass, longer particles. So all these incentive particles, but also to be the leading experiment for precision, time to physics. And
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so now this we historical site. This concept was 1st developed and proposed in 2013,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which then led it to take your proposal. And the physics proposal, which I've done a lot of the different physics institutes. So maybe I think it's really 200 plus pages of the physics models testable by this
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and that accommodated in this 1st week, basically in a comparative design study for in 2019, which was submitted also, then for the update in 2020 19,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then, unfortunately, in 2020 did not need to just Google. So this was after dedicated Newbie line
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that would have been at some. And here the main argument that at that point in time with the Scc. Visibility some could not afford this new line.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then there was a bit of a second wind, where, in 2022, the corporation started looking for alternative locations.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and they're quite quickly identified that the Ecm. Which is currently used by Ncc. 2 is basically an ideal position for this concept.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And CC 2 finishes after this run of the complex. So Cern was opening process, basically for this facility.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this then led to a new proposal in this new facility, optimized for that position with a more mature concept for both the facility and the detectors.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and finally to the approval of of ship for that facility in what's that?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this now means a ship is the 1st experiment expected to go beyond the highly, since this facility is planned to start in 2033, and then run for 15 years plus
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for now sole user here. And this is really the new kind of direction. Also, some is going complementing the other activities currently on ongoing. And there's quite a bit of investment already from some to make this happen they are, have committed to building this high intensity facility that allows to fully export sps intensity.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And now ship to now do the Tbr. For 2027.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And so that we can start in 2029 and start taking data in 33.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this is already assigned partially also to just introduce what? What I'll be talking about today, which is mostly this approval configuration with some changes which we've already now made on the way to the Tdrs.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Since now a lot of important decisions have to be taken to decide on the fine technologies and say, for example, we've now moving from the cable in on the vacuum to Helium
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and to Smb detector integrated in the neon shield with electronic and more detail on that in- in a minute. And here there's also in a recent progress report, if you want.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So now, after the sketch I showed a few slides ago, let's go into the actual facility. So here's civil engineering drawing. They could see also how everything is integration. Everything's already quite well advanced.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and I'll just quickly walk you through here, and then we can go one by one in the coming slides.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So here we have the beam running on the left in the Tcc. 8 cannon, with the beam facility here with a very high density target.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: followed by the having absorber, the active neon shield, the Smb. Which now will be actually in the Muon shield.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The hidden sector dictates the chrono.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then the space for potential additional detectors by other corporations behind the experiment.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So to start with one of the key parts. Here. The Sps, so the Sps, you probably all know, has quite long history, but still has a huge amount of potential which, especially in the High intensity side hasn't really been fully used in the past past years since the shutdown of the nutrient experiment.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So there's a lot of programs that currently available. And in a nutshell. This high intensity, facility aims to completely use the protein from Sbs for intensity. Physics. For this we, the Svs, will deliver to us
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 470 photons of average per year at 100 gd.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Over slow stills of 1 1 second, which allows to basically reduce the coincidence of the battle as much as possible. And then the Pdf is designed to deal with irrigation all these kind of things, so that we can
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: take data. We have its absolute full intensity, giving us in 15 years of running, 620 persons on target. And so you can see the location of ship here also the old location that was originally designed
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for the lines we're mostly using, existing with the new bypass so that we can get the full intensity in our location.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The target is really more than most thin targets you might be familiar with from, say, neutrino experiments where we have 12 interaction lengths of
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: of tungsten and molybdenum sandwiched in this, or sliced in this way to reduce the energy deposition in particular part. Enough that this entire thing just doesn't blow blow up.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And with these filters, action actually to really stop the entire beam, giving us a very high yield of basically all the particles that could produce new physics at those energies.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the center of mass energy you have is about just below 30 Gb.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Which means the main things for us are charm. And these particles. But there's also a huge blocks of neutrinos, Tau electrons, and you see anything, and also very, very large sample of the photons, so we can try to cover as many bases possible.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: To make sure, we can actually design experiment confidently with this target, we have taken a dedicated measurement of 2018 with this target, starting with muonflux, giving us a very high confidence that we can design the experiment robustly and won't tell you surprise backgrounds. Once we turn things on and see if the agreement between what we simulated and measured was quite good.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: After this target we have 2. We have to get rid of bottles which you'll have huge amounts of. You'll have about 10 to 11 neurons per skill coming out of this target, which, of course, you can't have in the effect, if you have 0 background experiment.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we need to reduce this by at the very least about 6, all of magnitude to be able to do the things you want to do.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and for that we have a quite a simple system of 2 2 magnets or or 2 magnet systems. With the 1st system.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: just it basically starts separating the neurons into 2 sides. However, since you have a continuous spectrum of neurons, you'll very quickly bend low energy neurons too far out to hit the return field.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So to deal with these neurons, which then will be bent back into the acceptance. You have to have a second system of magnets. Behind that flips the polarity and then bends the lead out until in the center of the second magnet system, you have a fairly free space. We'll come back to that space in a minute.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The baseline now is shown here. It's currently being proactively optimized. But the concept now is to have a magnetized absorber in the front. So that's the kind of magnetized proximity shielding of the target
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which has a lot of constraints. But you can still do something there. Then you have a high temperature, superconducting magnet right after that of about centimeters.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then, finally, we have a warm mathematic system behind to deal with this return facts of neurons.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this basically is now superseding the baseline design we had using fully warm magnets which we can fall back to. If now, in the coming year, we see that the hydrogen superductor is no go. So here we have. We're covering all the bases now, starting with the magnet that's had an absorber. This is the part directly here after
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: after the target, and then in the shielding, the integrated cordial which can be completely manipulated using remote handling. And this, in fact, has been developed in close collaboration with engineering groups who were responsible for this design in collaboration with the sub team.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and here you can see kind of the services for the soil are really quite tricky. Since you have a you're in a very hot environment. But I think.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: with a very, very high high cost of partners coming through.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Following that you have, we found to use. They have a array of square Hds coils which allows to get a field of approximately 5 over 7 meters, which allows them to do this initial bending out and separation.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then actually, we can benefit from the fact that outside have a lower return field, since a much larger yoke, and for this we are currently active.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for which now the prototyping is in full full swing. So here now, the we've already bought the tape so that we start testing this very soon, and there's mostly done in collaboration with the magnet groups.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And then especially for the warm part. After that, it's quite a complicated optimization problem. And that's something I started already with my, with my thesis. Now it's been taken over by my phone calls in Zurich.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We've got since the is really important, really crucial to having the 0 background environment behind the well, where we can have the detectives we need, we need to make sure nothing that. Well, you make sure that this works reliably for spectrum, which has quite higher. So
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we are also very limited by statistics, in that we can fully simulate.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: but even the simulation samples we have are too largely, fully, fully run every every time you test any configuration. So this is quite complicated optimization problem, where you have dozens of parameters depending on whether you have the warm or the superconducting configuration.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You don't have any gradients available, so most typical optimization are within sale.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But if you do want to use full jam to really have the confidence in your design to- to make sure we don't turn on the exam and see those background.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Here. The baseline kind of algorithm use is Bayesian optimization which allows to deal with these high dimensional optimization problems and a very costly simulation
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: by basically building a model of what this loss function looks like in all these 50 dimensions. Here one dimensional examples. And basically, the procedure is, once you have a few simulation observations of different magnetic configurations. You start building some kind of model of what?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What's your loss function might might look like.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So yeah, that's
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, so- so here the true.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The truth is this red function with with some observations. Here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: then, you have a model of where you have knowledge of this or function agreed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then some expected improvement that allows you to decide where to next sample is. And so, even without a break, you can quite quickly, then decide where you have the highest chance of finding the next next point the best configuration you want to look at, allowing you to study this space quite efficiently. This already was done quite a bit during my Phd. Giving us the configuration used for this comparative design study.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And nowadays we've modified a bit. Now we can run these on this on Gpu's, and also with more and more particles. Now, which allows us to now test about a hundred 1,000 per day. When I was doing this, it took us maybe a week to to do the to the same
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: because we now can do this much faster. We can also start having proper field maps instead of the block block fields in these mathemats, using a finite element method to calculate the field mass maps on the flight for each operation. And here's a nice, nice example of what this sorts of factors giving us even better confidence in this optimization.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: In addition to this baseline algorithms that's been tried to use a sort of local gender circuit where you basically train a machine learning model to estimate the local loss function, and then you have something with a gradient. You can descend very quickly, and then occasionally you can then start updating this again to make sure that in the local area you are. This loss function still is approximate, one
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that worked really quite nicely and allowed us to then fine tune the conservation conservation organization. And now, quite recently, there's an advance on this actually, by developed by a private company where they are testing, using reinforcement learning to make the decision of whether to use this machine model or the or
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: proper simulation automatically to do this even more efficiently. And so here's quite a bit of a interest also using these techniques for work with the industry. Since optimization problems like this crop up all over the place.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So following the shield, we have the scheduling detector, and here the slides, the slide, now on the scattering energy detector at the Msc. And upgrade
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which now in the past few years have allowed us to test in all the technologies we use and ship in the real world at Lac.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: where we've been now using this detective from a tracker similar to what we would have a chip to observe colliding neutrinos for the 1st time, together with laser, and then also recently observed some neutron events without neons in final state.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this really allows to validate kind of our detective concept and see how it fares in the high office environment of Lac.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And now this is being updated for the hiding Lac as as advanced. Smb, proposal.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Where we're now going to use silicon strip detectors instead of nuclear emulsions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which also then allows us to test basically the other option. We envision envisage for the ship. So the classic option which we use, which we propose for the proposal and have been basically dealing with now for many, many years, is based on the opera design and has now been proven at Smbjc, where you have nuclear margins interleave with the sort of target trackers which are sci-fi.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which allows to have a very large mass, highly accurate tracking parameter.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: allowing us to really see the Tau neutrino interaction vertices with the replaced Tau decay.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So that's a really nice technology. However, it also has challenges because we're really running right at the limit of the
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: of the occupancy we can deal with.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: However, the neutrino yields at in the Sd. Are very, very high, so so there, we have a very nice technology as a baseline
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which we now are planning to supplement, or maybe replace using fully electronic technology. So here for advanced scp which is used for a lot of studies we are planning to now use the Cms tracker outer barrel modules. So these are silicon script detectors to now kind of replace the emulsions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Of course, the actual vertex resolution tracking resolution is quite a bit worse. You can't get this sub micrometric resolution with any other technology. Right now.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: however, suddenly, things like commercial background time overlap, and so on. As a problem is completely displaced. So you have some very big advantages and disadvantages of this technology. The reconstruction, however, becomes quite, quite challenging and has quite a lot of unique challenges.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And that's something we're very actively starting right now, especially in my group in Naples, with the technical proposal. Now for the upgrades coming next month.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Some of these reconstruction challenges you can see here. So on the left here an example from the city we can see how the what, what you see in this tracking sector looks more like what you normally would see in a parameter. You have the huge showers here which you can really that, seeing all the digital tracks, there is basically hopeless.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So you have to be. Have to use some clever methods to construct this
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in ship. It's slightly less fast. The lower energy you have lower energy in the treatments coming in lower energy parts in general. So you have a bit more separation. So here you have an example where you can see new talent, new events, and then based on kinematics, for example, the missing momentum. You can actually distinguish them quite reliably.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So here for the select use case right now with the students. I'm working a lot on using Cnn's and conventional performance to try to speed as much information as possible these events. So here we are exploring this in quite a few different avenues.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: to complicate things. Now, we thought, okay, if we already have a magnet there with some nice clean space, and that's a new shield. So why build a second separate magnet as originally foreseen?
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Instead, you can just move all of this into into the nutshell.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So here. Now, we're planning to integrate at least one Smb technology directly in the 1 million shield. It's also quite possibly to have several technologies there, including, like, for example, some mountain target, some silicon, and possibly then, after that scintillator sci-fi.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is so. There is quite a lot of active and ongoing study options, and seeing which one is most ideal for both material physics, and like that matter which have slightly different well, quite, quite different requirements.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So now, taking us to the main part of ship. This that's this in sector detector, and see again 1st a sketch before we go into the individual detectors.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The general idea is, we have a big decay volume with bathroom or medium surrounded by background trackers. To make sure you know anything coming in.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: followed by a fairly classic spectrometer behind that. So tracking stations the magnet and then retrieve to identify any particles coming out
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and this allows us not only to make sure that any that we see the case and can veto the case from from sample backgrounds.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It also allows us to then measure the properties of any particle seed in grazing great detail.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So really, we can structure the vertices, masses, amity with things like the vertexing the protons, so it can really differentiate a lot of what you see. If you see something
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: here. The key part is the cables under vacuum to deal with the huge parts of neutron events coming through
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: recently, we've seen that it's actually sufficient to have the ambient pressure helium in this to reduce the neutral flag sufficiently that we can deal with it through the background tackers. And the other hand, we have on this background, since with this tachometer you can actually differentiate a lot of what's going on.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And since you then go from the vacuum to Amniopecia, you have a much, much supersistent viewer. Instead of some very complicated steel steel frame. You can have a basically balloon surrounded by a much lighter frame.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which is basically there to just keeping the place and hold all the background taggers. So there are some very good reasons to do it this way. So we've now been studying the backgrounds, and it seems to be under control in this case. So this is now very quickly becoming the favorite
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the option initially, and there might be an upgrade then later to vacuum if it's needed.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so that some- some staging options below that.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Then, at the end of this tracker using score tubes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Since we have a fairly large aperture, 4 by 6 meters. This is a nice way of having quite high precision tracking before and after the spectrometer. Magnet and here we are also aluminium. There's benefits to this matter of both.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And one big issue. There's also the mechanical rigidity of these very long straws.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So here there's an ongoing reason. I've been updating the tracking a little bit.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So there also things are shaping up quite nicely. And you can see, actually, I think there's 1 of the old fighting destroyers before the ship started to shrunk down a bit for the new location. So that's also moving on quite well
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: with that for the spectrometer. Originally this was seen to be a big, warm spectrometer magnet, however, recently, for it turned out that we
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: could also use a new, much more energy, efficient super Eric magnet technology which is currently being developed at Cern. And now the 1st small scale prototypes that have been successful with the 2 more stages of prototyping going on before the final magnet is being built.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and this allows us to then have a field that we can use for for the tracking. It doesn't have to be super uniform. The most important part is that we have a field maps which already have been integrated with software and the tracking, and as long as we know the uniformity, we can use this quite nicely for the instruction.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Finally, the last. But you have a longitudinally segmented carimeter here which has some, basically some drift space between parts of the perimeter. That's why it's split. And this allows you, then
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: do the vertex pointing for for photons. So basically, you can have a resolve, the angle of the shouts quite well, allowing us to even access some channels which other experiments are blind to, since they record the same thing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay? And basically, all the technology I've talked about have also been already proven factors. So there's a lot of the testing that have already gone on. There's, of course, Smd here, which has been taking data successfully. So here everything's on a good path to being ready for construction, and the Tdr creation are ongoing for all the system by rapidly.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So there's quite a few computing challenges to do this already for the optimization I mentioned that we have a problem that we generally do not have enough simulation. Since we have a huge huge number of person to target with these years. We have to augment this in different ways.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Right now, we generally can simulate maybe a fraction of a second with flow simulation. So to augment this, we are exploring all the available options, looking at the Gans which we all have been using since 2019 and before, for especially the new background.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we're quite actively in the neural shields organization, also looking at using neural networks to bypass jam, to to complement it, and then maybe play around with this different fragilities of the organization, where you can fall back to a more and more reliable simulation as as necessary.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then also using some more old school histogram based lookup methods as well for the mutual optimization, and this allows us to really tune the the speed of isolation quite, quite well for what we need for any given purpose
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: on the reconstruction side. The side is also also quite a few challenges, especially for the if we go with the margins, that's something where, as I mentioned, we're really at the limit of the occupancy we can deal with.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So here we have to be quite careful to make sure that we can do what ultimately we see. And here the groups and ship have all been using all of their techniques for quite a while, working with Gmail, and so on.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and with quite good success for cleaning up these margins, getting rid of excess tracks, and some of these are also now being tested in practice at S. And so that's going very well for the electronic option. Again, there's a different complementary reconstruction challenges, which again, we're tackling, especially now with Cnn's. Some of that was already in the Noi, and more will need to show them in the technical proposal.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And one also quite active area we've started to look at is how to deal with signatures we do not expect. So in addition to these bottles, there's also plenty of room for other signatures beyond that, and so to make sure we're not blind to any potential other signatures. We're also looking at ways where we can
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: starting signatures without knowing what they are. So here we looking at normally detection training only on known backgrounds, for example, to see whether we can try to also have a keep an eye open for things we don't expect.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now, I've talked quite a bit of backgrounds just to repeat over 10 years. So for all channels, we are quite that. We can reduce the backgrounds to well below one event over these 15 years. And then, basically, you could run until you start seeing a significant number of background events. So if you want to extend beyond 15 years, that's not not possible.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For now, for all these, we've always assumed a very minimal selection.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Of course, per signal channel. In the end you will have an optimized selection to increase your signal retention, but then also further improve the background rejection.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So these also should improve once you start looking at one channel at a time. That is something we did not want to do for the proposal to not kind of over to not tune too much to particular models at that point.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And again, to make sure we actually can be confident about these estimates. You have to do a lot of biasing factorization. To make sure, we can actually extrapolate from fractions of the skills to 15 years of runtime.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And here again the workflow validation of simulation, and so on, is quite
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like to involve in something that's taking more and more of my time. Now.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: as part of this improved background projection. We're also now looking at what we call advanced feature. We do not actually want to be 2 full events. We have these skills of one second, each individual frame of data might be a few few milliseconds, and we don't want to have this little get time as possible.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And since you have a large detector of over 50 meters. You want us to be able to locally, both in time and position, tag certain areas at background light and then keep using the rest of that. For this. We're using now a graph neural network which gives us very nice differentiation capabilities between signals. In this case, H and L's, with different K modes.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and which are the main main backgrounds here. And so you can see 2 examples of background events which we can successfully tag. Yeah.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this now leads us time to what we hope we can do with this experiment. So Shaker's full simulation for some models we're looking at, and then for many, many other models we're using right now, sensetalc, which has been also compared with most other experiments that aim to do dark sector physics. So this has also been validated against most internal simulations by other experiments, and gives us very good confidence.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But but everything's like our theory. Predictions are the same as what everyone else is using, so that we're comparing apples to apples
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: where our lines and here we show the benchmark models decided by the BBC. To make sure again that everyone's comparing the same models
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and everything here for 15 years.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah. So it's starting with the dark photons you can see here at the top you have acv, and and also here, and here the old experiments on the on the left.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: For this we have also a study that we ran for 18 4th previous proposal.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And and also note, these are
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: generally it's always logged on this scale on the other scale, dependent on the channel. But here's some improvements in- in this direction where you have to order improvements to really see much of a difference by by eye
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and phenomenologically generating this direction, you'll have the short lifetimes, which is why it starts being able to probe this up here.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then you have longer lifetimes down here, and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and that's again similar for most models. Here
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: dos data is quite a similar thing to the top providers, the other something you can
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for not being able to solve the problems that designed to solve anymore and for the kind of extreme mixing cases should get is starting to get quite close to some of these cosmological limits.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So here we might be able to start covering all the interesting parameter space beyond, just maybe detecting something
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for a lot of these models. We can also do quite a bit of measurement of what these signals look like, what the properties are. For example, H and L's. We can study with the Diracco majorana, we can do for many areas of the parental space. We can do oscillation physics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So here the the master thing is exactly similar to ions, so you might be able to really do H. And L. Oscillation physics with the ship and detector is capable to do that, or you could study how compatible things are with the active neutrinos to, for example, determine whether we have a normal or inverse hierarchy for the active neutrinos.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So there's quite a few options here. So this is not just a
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you have quite a few different channels.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: finally, for lack of matter. Again, there was a detailed study performed in the past. And now there's a new study that was performed also in sight of a potential if you detected behind ship.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So there also, we can put some very same primary space in a way that does not assume that they're gonna say produced using.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So here, since we have all these reproduction mechanisms, we can cover them off track.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And finally, we also physics. We have neutrino physics where we can identify all different flavors of materials for a lot of them. We can even then determine massage. So we make it as a neon in the final state.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: allowing us to do things like electronic measurements, cross section measurements, charm which allows us to also access some Tc observables.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and we will see more new Taos than any other experiment in the past. Allowing us for the 1st time to distinguish between the new Tau and the anti Tau on an event by event basis.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: measuring also things like the and looking at the anomalous moment of the new house. So here we can also there's some physics we're guaranteed to be able to do, and it's quite complimentary to what you can do at the Lec with things like.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So finally, I briefly mentioned, there are some other use of this facility upstream. You could have a parasitic experiment to look at Tower Flag.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and also Tom physics scaling just a small fraction of the beach.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: You could have a liquid atom detected behind. So think Protogene behind it.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which will significantly improve the sensitivity for light black matter and militars.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: until there's some very active studies ongoing.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you could have a neutrally irradiated facility.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which gives you a quite a useful spectrum in complementary things available at other facilities, with a much higher yield than end of.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And here is actually now a proposal by a separate corporation to use this space as a target. And then, finally, also.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it's quite a. There is quite some complementary between the 2, also some overlap so I try to be here as as fair as possible, since my own own
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: where you can see, for example, here's an example of the dark photon reach between the and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and for the basic portals. Shipping mostly is just automatically better.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which is mostly due to a much larger angular acceptance, because we are much closer and a much high intensity as a exciting experiment.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Since we also have a much bigger detector, we cover quite a bit of the byte of the lifetime. So for the most kind of general models.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it's hard to really compete with shift, which also is very forward, so the white part goes. The forward advantage doesn't really matter.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now. Fdf, of course, is a much higher standard mask, which matters much more.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: well, which, unfortunately, is not that useful in the half hour direction. So here's benefit from this higher center amounts much, much more, since we produce more ice properly.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: However, Fdf has some very interesting reach for things like high charge middle charged particles which would be previously forward. There are non-minimal models which can be quite interesting or quite fascinating phenomenology, such as the compressed spectra
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and strongly impacting our sectors. So here I think everybody about to shift its line to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and also, as I mentioned in the genoc sector, there's quite a few complementary things to study.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so there certainly is.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: is room for for both to study quite interesting things. The Timescales are quite similar, at least technically, for Fdf, right now, I think there's no clear timeline from the sun side. How things might might work, but at least from the security name side could also, I think, starting later before. So here I think this computarity could work quite nicely to really leave no stone unturned for
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for longer particles and to receive psychophysics.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so then, finally, so ship has is quite a large corporation already. So we now, as of, I think, yesterday, we have 236 participants from 40 institutes in 19 countries, and some
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: there are quite a few groups currently in discussions with us to join some of them also in the Uk.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this also is something where we expect that the direction will continue to grow quite, quite quickly. And indeed, we needed to grow quickly because there were a lot of technologies. This will be quite a large project. So yeah, we
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we can probably get things over finish line, as is. But the more the merrier, and it will load on more people. If you have new groups, and there's more technologies available as well.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The schedule here right now has of this the postponed edits for now is that we want to
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: have the tbr supposed to be 7.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So here. So let's here. It's 2 different parts of the beam facility, the beam up facility, and the ship
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and for ship we have a Td. 7, and then we can construct kind of around 2, 15, 9,
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then it's quite important for us that we manage to do some commissioning with the before the long shutdown, so that any potential surprises can be dealt with adequately during the long shutdown and also there's some for staging depending on where coming
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: shit in the Uk. Has quite long history, so I'm not sure
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: how how we've been following it for in the past, but she originally came out of well was originated by a Uk business. The spokesperson has always been a Uk business and the original on the original proposal about the business were from the Uk. Currently, there's unfortunately only 3 British institutes meant for migration.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: However, still covering over proportional part of the leadership positions.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Unfortunately, the funding over this long period of approval so far, has actually been only directed by in the past, who also want a contract from. And the K currently is focusing mostly on involvement in the field, also in the on the integration of the neon shield with S, and
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: on the computing. And in the past we've been working quite closely with Raoul for the magnets. So again, the engineering, and we also have certificates out already for Uk industry to build parts of the Uk because of the magnets. So there's quite a lot of potential hoping for activities in the Uk. To pick up again.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, this now brings me to the end. So I hope I convince you that should be saying general purpose.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: general purpose, because we try to recover as much as possible with.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: without having to really cover as many bases as possible. You don't want to be hyper so as much as possible, try to really do
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: everything possible with this facility, which allows us to really have a access to huge huge amount of physics, a huge amount of intensity, and uses it to complement what we can do at, to prepare also for things like and future colliders.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Again, the time scale is now after approval in March last year. We're now quickly moving towards Cdrs, and then construction. And hopefully everything goes to plan. There's no further place commissioning with you 2033, and then the we'll have a long, long time of data. And now, when all the real work starts, so it's been after approval. It's
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: it's been a very, very busy year.
STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thanks thanks a lot, and welcome any questions you might have.