WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.030 --> 00:00:01.280 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's the experiment. 2 00:00:02.330 --> 00:00:06.279 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, the snow. But is a multi person, trainer, detector. 3 00:00:06.290 --> 00:00:10.080 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and the main body of Hector also. 4 00:00:10.400 --> 00:00:13.229 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But you have to do that on that. 5 00:00:13.310 --> 00:00:14.970 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But any of these things here. 6 00:00:15.120 --> 00:00:17.900 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, okay, I didn't probably have that 7 00:00:20.070 --> 00:00:45.360 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: very good. So the main body of the surface detector. It's 12 meter down vessel events within the 80, almost 10,000 keys, and these are mounted on this Pmt. Support structure, 9 meters, steel support structure. That space in between is filled with pure water that acts as disability. 8 00:00:48.640 --> 00:00:49.530 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So 9 00:00:50.340 --> 00:01:19.220 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: if we see what a little bit here the AV. Is spending this cavity, that's for 2 kilometers underground in Canada. Everything within the AV. Is accessed through this deck on top that's all covered out, and again, the speed stuff outside is sorted by 7,000 tons of water that acts additional fielding, and the main detector is operated at the Underground. Through this underground shoulder you can see with people to scale. So that's of me. Yesterday. 10 00:01:22.970 --> 00:01:26.380 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I don't want to turn off the back there. We're good. 11 00:01:28.880 --> 00:01:29.700 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Well. 12 00:01:30.530 --> 00:01:56.939 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so the detector again is located at the snow lab facility. It's 2 columns underground, and we are a project at the snow facility that's been again so current currently, the main project running at the lab, despite the fact that they do all of a suite of other dark matter as well. 13 00:01:58.940 --> 00:02:11.660 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this collaboration about 100 of us across, maybe. What is it 7 or so institutions with that significant contribution from from Uk institutions as well as you can see 14 00:02:11.810 --> 00:02:12.840 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: there. 15 00:02:12.970 --> 00:02:20.250 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and the main snow bus business goal is to determine whether or not be trainers are made around. 16 00:02:21.020 --> 00:02:41.699 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and the fact that not everyone guessed with excitement means, I've probably motivate exactly why we find this to be particularly important, and to answer this question we go back to the Santa marble. Of course, one of the most successful paradigms in science, with virtual kind of treatment, was discovery of things which gets other articles. Mess. Now 17 00:02:42.620 --> 00:02:49.320 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this is a reminder counterpart, identical as that with an opposite charge. 18 00:02:49.950 --> 00:02:53.880 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: but these fermions. They also have this Elucidios headedness. 19 00:02:55.020 --> 00:03:11.850 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And you know neutrinos are unique in that. They are only just left-handed neutrinos, or right-handed anti-neutrinos, and this is a slightly problematic, because the phase requires both left and right handed varieties generate. Mass means that the Santa model predicts masses neutrinos. 20 00:03:12.390 --> 00:03:23.520 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We've known now for some time that nature do indeed over have masks, oscillations, that there's Nobel Prize winning discovery that our predecessors from snow made as well as well as Super Peg. 21 00:03:24.350 --> 00:03:38.539 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and this was the 1st evidence of physics beyond the standard model. But does mean that these flavor eigenstates, that we do observe are superpositions of mass. Eigenstates, which then begs the question of how these masses are generated. 22 00:03:39.440 --> 00:03:40.440 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So 23 00:03:41.600 --> 00:03:50.200 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the standard model fermions are all direct particles, but nature knows. You know, having only left handed. Nature knows. 24 00:03:50.210 --> 00:04:00.110 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It is conceivable that the students already their own articles, and this is theoretically motivated through the marijuana equation, which is that amendment to the direct question. 25 00:04:00.130 --> 00:04:05.499 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So in this case the interference would be male particles which could have a different mass mechanism. 26 00:04:07.860 --> 00:04:15.390 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and this is something that's only applicable in kind of chart those massive articles of which neutrinos are the only known candidates. 27 00:04:19.320 --> 00:04:38.100 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So, going back to why we care whether or not or not, it would provide a very satisfying from mass magnitude, but on top of that it would give us a bunch of other interesting implications. It would mean that the degrees of freedom. So that's of internal or, observe, is consistent with our with our evidence. 28 00:04:38.591 --> 00:04:53.869 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It would that mayon particles are predicted and compatible with numerous granified theories and mass, is effectively the 1st sign of this, these higher metaphysics. It would motivate research for other mirror particles, including various classes of dark matter candidates. 29 00:04:53.870 --> 00:05:08.720 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and it would also allow for electrogenesis, which is one for the origins of the universe. So observing particles will revolutionize once our understanding of physics and the universe. And I think, most importantly, we haven't experimented 30 00:05:09.251 --> 00:05:13.850 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: probe for their other male nature of the trio. 31 00:05:17.900 --> 00:05:23.339 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So this method is of so-called neutralist level beta decay. 32 00:05:23.480 --> 00:05:28.780 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So some isotopes we know, undergo double weighted decay. You can see the fun diagram here. 33 00:05:28.830 --> 00:05:31.150 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: basically 2, 34 00:05:31.740 --> 00:05:37.119 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the decay results in 2 electrons and 2 electron anti-neutrinos simultaneously released. 35 00:05:37.150 --> 00:05:52.069 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now, 2 neutrinos can carry away some amount of energy just like all the way to decays between 0 and Q values of the resulting beta spectrum. Down here, you can see, is continuous. The energy spectrum is continuous, as as one would expect. 36 00:05:52.800 --> 00:06:15.770 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now, if the neutrino and the anti neutrino is the same parcel, and then, you know, neutrino Rama, these 2 neutrinos could be virtually exchanged during the process. So what you get is just the release of 2 electrons. So instead of neutrino, this double beta dk, so as there's no neutrinos carry with energy structure is just exactly the Q value of the K. 37 00:06:16.160 --> 00:06:26.310 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So if we are able to observe the speed up here in the Q value with a decay, we find neutral, supplement, decay, and controvert to improve that mayor on that nature of deterrence 38 00:06:28.130 --> 00:06:32.289 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the observable here, which is the half life as an adult gate burns. 39 00:06:32.320 --> 00:06:42.670 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But the space based components that's basically is, there's a number of strokes that people are investigating. 40 00:06:42.770 --> 00:06:54.029 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: What's interesting with the phase space is because there's fewer resultant particles. They have a phase space for neutralists. The neutral slopes actually preferred over to neutral mode, which is kind of a nice bird. 41 00:06:54.458 --> 00:07:10.349 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The second kind of component is the matrix summit. That's kind of the State transition model we would take from many empirical models there. And the last component is this model infant bit of the Mayor of mass. 42 00:07:11.017 --> 00:07:35.489 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's basically the massively exchanged article. And it's this includes split of M or E, the triggerless case. Just by having a secure face. Space is suppressed significantly compared to the trigger mode, which means that in our world of perfect energy resolution it's not so simple as to look at the endpoint of the energy spectrum and zoom in 43 00:07:35.750 --> 00:07:56.229 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: what you really get is this case here, where the choose trinal mode provides a irreducible background to the trimless case. So that's 1 of the main external challenges the main, the rarity of the smoke. Also an issue with that small amounts of backgrounds, of course, washing the signal entirely. Yeah. The Q to the 6. 44 00:07:56.240 --> 00:08:05.599 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I mean, that's a dimension for quantity. But we actually want to dimensionless ratio. Yeah. So what what is it actually divided by 45 00:08:06.070 --> 00:08:29.890 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: question. Just means that the higher the key value of the Uk that you get a face price preference increasing over lambda is is a number less than one. Then Q to the 6 is a small number, not a big number. Yeah. So I don't know which way it goes away at. Yeah, that's right. 46 00:08:34.570 --> 00:08:40.270 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: alright, bye. So this is the current state of the journalism searches 47 00:08:40.745 --> 00:08:46.674 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so delirium. Xenon, German being the most popular isotopes. Here you can see this is 48 00:08:47.230 --> 00:09:10.089 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: halfway normalized by base space. So you can see the sensitivities based on the number of factors there. The detector technology, the isotope choice and the amount of isote you have in the detector as well as of course, the the background variable here. So 49 00:09:10.474 --> 00:09:18.935 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: primary final challenge, of course is, increase the mass, while mitigating your backgrounds and encourage 1st generation services to solve lives here. 50 00:09:19.610 --> 00:09:40.780 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: is in the roughly the order of 100 kg for isote mass, and so so far signal. So everyone's not preparing these next generation. So-called time scale experiments here dashed lines are kind of near term directions for experiments currently underway dot lines are future experiments hopefully for the next decade. So 51 00:09:45.840 --> 00:10:09.330 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so the main snow plus neutral level put in. And because of this the most obvious choice. So therefore, no further merchants required which does basically make it a very affordable other modes that are currently investigated 52 00:10:10.072 --> 00:10:31.250 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: delirium, 130, also the Q value of 2.5 mev. Which provides a bit of a problem using some sector. So having an energy threshold of 3.5 Mev. So significant attack improvements were required to reduce this energy threshold, the primary upgrade being switched from a wash cob to liquidated technologies, and just to 53 00:10:31.310 --> 00:10:48.741 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: show the current state. The current. Best result from neutrino about 4.4 times 5 years. Was that the no state level? So you can see that the rare needs 5 times more more rare than the 54 00:10:49.290 --> 00:10:51.210 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the team cramboat house. 55 00:10:52.010 --> 00:11:05.109 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So the primary, infernible challenge for for us, and of course, actually for all all day to day experiments is to minimize our backgrounds. For through sharing or verification of the detector. 56 00:11:07.330 --> 00:11:19.899 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so in terms of the shilling and the purification are, I mean, the major increase backgrounds fact that we are 2 plumbers on the ground. They're both a combination of the deepest and clean, so neutral and subtle beta decay experiments. 57 00:11:21.176 --> 00:11:32.910 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We do have this 7,000 tons of ultra pure water shielding. We have nutrient cover gas landscape across this private sector that mitigates the rate on ingress into the manufacturer volume. 58 00:11:32.940 --> 00:11:37.749 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and we also have the Pantaire cabinet, 3. With water and renown and carbon plastic 59 00:11:37.770 --> 00:11:56.589 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in terms of material verification. We do 4 dedicated multi ground that treats the various internal and external media and a bigger quality assurance campaign which includes higher chemical analysis during any operations. We also have recirculation, recurification, capabilities for all of our media as well. 60 00:11:59.890 --> 00:12:03.150 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The well, if I forget. 61 00:12:07.460 --> 00:12:09.199 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: let's make sure we don't fit. 62 00:12:14.500 --> 00:12:18.810 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah, be good. It's a test. Very good. Okay? Well, I mean. 63 00:12:19.180 --> 00:12:20.670 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: thanks for talking 64 00:12:20.790 --> 00:12:26.729 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: fire. The main sofa strategy here is 65 00:12:27.840 --> 00:12:56.569 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's a 3 phase approach. So the phases basically 3 operating basis based on our detector at the beginning. So we started with filling the detector with ultra pure water. The main reason here is sometimes change the test by caliberation systems, and to achieve stable running detector because project higher light yields and lower triangle refurbished water on the front. So handle slow. So we're able to achieve those objectives with water 66 00:12:56.570 --> 00:12:58.090 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: operating as well. 67 00:12:58.380 --> 00:13:11.199 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We then replace the water with liquidator, but 800 simplator. The main objective here is to quantify the backgrounds within the disinfiltrator, which is this target outer bandage that other experiments 68 00:13:11.210 --> 00:13:13.409 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: are not able to achieve. 69 00:13:14.120 --> 00:13:28.739 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We will then proceed with scoping services later with the clearing myself, thereby allowing us to begin search for internal stuff. So we expect an initial amount of 25, or 6 by mass, wearing 1.3. And so next time 70 00:13:29.510 --> 00:13:34.029 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we also have 2 2 bonus phases, 2020. Because of 71 00:13:34.380 --> 00:13:46.819 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: my will to live, we we sought to any sort of filling operations. So we were about 50% Bill Simpliator that allowed us to get a preliminary look of evidence that appearing. 72 00:13:47.510 --> 00:13:57.009 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And we've also since have entered this enhanced clear base. We're added additional gradients in order to boost the leg yield and stability of this glitter as well. 73 00:14:01.160 --> 00:14:13.969 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now, snow buzzly percillator. That's probably the 2 components, the the main solvent being that you're off of benzene or Lav with 2.2 5 per liter of ethanol, which is Pbo 74 00:14:14.312 --> 00:14:32.460 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: this was a simplator that was newly developed Portman bus that has since been used in numerous other experiments. The main motivation for for developing the Simplator is, 1st of all, that existing simulator is such that it's on a certain premade or pxe is not sufficiently compatible with the equivalent of factor. 75 00:14:33.400 --> 00:14:46.824 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and like he's also very easy and safe to handle compared to other Ppo is at the floor, that it's roughly the 4 inch diameter range. And the reason we put too much that we you get the mission returns 76 00:14:47.270 --> 00:14:50.220 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: as as we increase the load. And this is 77 00:14:50.240 --> 00:15:04.020 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: a fairly expensive purifying. So that's that's how we settle our final concentration there. And in the end we have some data that's roughly 50 times the yields of our water. 78 00:15:09.090 --> 00:15:21.709 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Again, chief experimental challenge being to reduce the backgrounds. We do have a 3 phase purification program for the Simplator, the main purification being this multi-stage distillation process. 79 00:15:22.057 --> 00:15:33.449 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And you see the various components that that pulls out here for this chart. But it's basically we use the sales compartment fractal column, and that we found that highly effective at removing these lower volatility purities. 80 00:15:34.150 --> 00:15:47.469 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We also water tracking capabilities and salt and salt instruction. And that's effective, even though it's not used in the initial verification. Like I said before, we do have reverification capabilities. That we've been able to implement. 81 00:15:47.540 --> 00:16:01.319 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And also very important is that gas stripping. So we do again have the capability to use UV steam for this gas stripping much lower background count than the natural gas. 82 00:16:01.350 --> 00:16:08.740 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and this is effectively removing curtains of our paper pressures, including any sort of residual water content. Following the water phase operations. 83 00:16:15.060 --> 00:16:25.710 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the simulator itself has been verified, using a fairly extensive suite of our measurements, as you can see. Here was top box 84 00:16:26.391 --> 00:16:41.980 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the axis. Absorbance. So lower is better. That's pure optical clarity in the simplator, which we also use proxy for radio purity. Here the insert here is zoomed in on our region where we're most sensitive. Above. 85 00:16:42.130 --> 00:16:51.510 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: where the pico soft absorbs into some of our our simulators superior. When you're about the ground making things we've been able to do on the bench shop. 86 00:16:53.580 --> 00:16:54.780 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so that that's 87 00:16:55.268 --> 00:17:03.929 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the other day we we did this these sort of checks every hour or so, and here's like a little perspective in so in this case, higher is better 88 00:17:04.200 --> 00:17:06.250 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so in the 89 00:17:06.710 --> 00:17:17.400 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: these are. That's our actual sillator here. And see, we're in line, or we're secure to external measurements that we've been able to achieve throughout this these filling operations 90 00:17:21.240 --> 00:17:26.589 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we've since entered this enhanced simplator phase. We've gotten 2 additional ingredients into the simplator. 91 00:17:27.158 --> 00:17:51.070 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 2 components here, 1, st one being this abutylated hydroxtuline vht. As the mitigates the risk of oxygen breasts into the checker through any sort of leaks or whatever. But we've received final concentration 5.4 milligrams per year, the risk rate of oxygen being the creation of these car muscle products which may reduce soluble therapy of the checker. 92 00:17:51.160 --> 00:17:54.280 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We found that hasn't the case since we've added the the Phd. 93 00:17:54.460 --> 00:18:02.000 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And we've all said this one for is 2 methyl, sterile benzene, or business B, which acts as a hair wavelength. Here you can see that we've 94 00:18:02.020 --> 00:18:08.910 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we're bucking the emission spectrum further up into a range that's more in line with the quantum efficiency of our communities. 95 00:18:09.270 --> 00:18:13.460 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we've achieved the final concentration there with 1, 2 milligrams per liter. 96 00:18:14.140 --> 00:18:19.190 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we're now in the simplator phase of the experiment 97 00:18:20.210 --> 00:18:22.913 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and the simplator backgrounds. 98 00:18:23.640 --> 00:18:41.479 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you basically understood and qualified prioritize to one. So that's 1 of the main advantages of our unique and other experimental techniques. They build us directly into the detector. So they're not able to to achieve this sort of background investigation. So this is, yeah. Again, one of the main stuff is about it is 99 00:18:41.750 --> 00:18:44.850 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so we've formed this target out 100 00:18:45.040 --> 00:18:46.640 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: investigation 101 00:18:47.520 --> 00:18:51.370 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in the Marshall phase here. 102 00:18:52.650 --> 00:19:04.329 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: with submitting these components that have been further reduced. So, for example, there's there's 2 that means that they'll detector that's pulled out. So these these are actually all broke down by by some margin. 103 00:19:04.380 --> 00:19:24.239 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We've also performed this on preliminary since this early simplator data, that that's Australia systematics on that. But I I say that our internal contamination is at the level and negative 17 retrogram for both iridium and thorium, which are the major tenants that we can pull out there. 104 00:19:24.240 --> 00:19:34.869 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This gives us protected sensitivity of 9 to 10 to 3, 5 years after one year lifetime which will exceed the current world measurement after only 47 days of lifetime. 105 00:19:34.880 --> 00:19:53.550 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So again, being this being finalized for our project being finalized, based on our our current full Csf. Investigation, but you can see their project backgrounds with the main background being served to neutron cable. As you can see here in gray. 106 00:19:54.440 --> 00:20:04.990 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I will note that these, of course, are just productions. The final sensory depends on one last major component study to admit before proceeding with 107 00:20:05.330 --> 00:20:10.640 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: opportunity. That was the search which is the loading of the clarity itself. 108 00:20:15.200 --> 00:20:45.110 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: unfortunately, loading polarium injector is not a parallel process at all. Aqueous polarium, which is fluoric acid is polar, which makes them immissible in Lad, which nonpolar. So we kind of developed a new method to load the fluoridium into the Leds, which we basically do in this process. Here, we combine fluoric acid one to be chained dial in order to create this chain dial. So that's using this compensation by equilibrium reaction right there. 109 00:20:45.180 --> 00:21:02.759 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Unfortunately, being an equilibrary direction. This is actually very chemically unstable, and that it so called, crashed out, or this decades out based on 2 surfaces which obviously would be dropping forward sort of checker. And you see, that's a typical state here that the all the players that comes out 110 00:21:03.810 --> 00:21:04.800 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: now. 111 00:21:05.150 --> 00:21:31.919 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: even worse than that, there's a preference towards the reverse hydrolysis reaction due to this various acidity of products, and the ratio between the thoric acid and the region. Dial is also very important. Dial drives reverse reaction, but insufficient region. Dial means that these different fluid centers actually connect each other, and that creates a gigantic palmer than the normal contractor as well, so that all that all requires quite a bit of R&D to determine the right workings. 112 00:21:32.300 --> 00:21:38.789 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The best solution that we found was the introduction of these Detection center agents. 113 00:21:39.164 --> 00:21:49.380 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: They can be used to both fully suppress the hydrosis and the polymerization process. So basically, these merchants kind of a reverse direction where we can have so 114 00:21:49.520 --> 00:22:03.810 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which counteract sort of water contamination and also deprotonates all the different oh, groups in the stoic acid. So it means that very can't connect with each other, of course, sort of any sort of polymerization or polymerization. So 115 00:22:04.400 --> 00:22:09.970 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the Amy that we decided to use is the N Dimethylmethylamine. 116 00:22:10.000 --> 00:22:34.619 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: It's stable, even though we only have about 5 Ppm. Water in the checker. And more or, as importantly, it's very safe handle and be purified as we put it into the checker. So we determined possible amount is both point 2 5 to one molar ratio of speed gauge tab. As we increase the amount of checker, we'll also increase the amount of. 117 00:22:39.820 --> 00:22:46.099 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we have tremendous finals very loaded since their cocktail composition. 118 00:22:47.450 --> 00:23:00.439 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so right, you know, in the ring. Here is something we've already put in almost a 1 Kilo ton of led 2.2 graph per liter concentration. Pdl, 3.2 milligram per liter. I'm up to this Msb, and 119 00:23:00.440 --> 00:23:18.740 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: about 6.5 million, the clearing itself. 1st of all, the checker, and that's directly as well. So that's upcoming stuff that we're going to put in. And again, the final composition that is actually 120 00:23:18.880 --> 00:23:19.970 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: triggered. 121 00:23:23.000 --> 00:23:37.649 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so the Nelson solicitly. We've got locally built and published, and we now have a cas number for for saving kind of a secretary for our product. But that's kind of the official name right now for what's going into the summer. 122 00:23:37.750 --> 00:24:00.959 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And again with initial deployment, we're expecting point 5.5% by mass that results in 1.3 ton of Clarium, 130, which would officially make us the 1st and scale in the generation, each one of the experiment. But the nice thing about this technique in there, and we've demonstrated that we have to do so up to 3% by mass. So that's the 8.4 tons of the Clarium has tote. 123 00:24:02.030 --> 00:24:11.439 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And you see, it's the final final product. Not clear. It's not anymore. Blood transfer that. So 124 00:24:11.670 --> 00:24:14.550 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: that is all sorted for us 125 00:24:17.040 --> 00:24:35.269 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in terms of how we're actually going to get the children again. Of course, purification being the most challenging aspect. We have this 8 step procedure in this block diagram to see. So the total gas has been brought on the ground nearly 10 years now that allows the cause of that cool off. 126 00:24:35.814 --> 00:24:41.639 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The clerk has to be sent purified in this dedicated purification now constructed on the ground. 127 00:24:41.870 --> 00:24:48.580 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The Dda that's purified. You're using a molecular still, but whatever is on the surface, which is a lot easier than that 128 00:24:48.690 --> 00:24:51.669 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: truck 2 pumps on the ground every day to verify that 129 00:24:51.890 --> 00:25:01.549 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the beach and dial having very similar properties to the linear alto benzene, we're able to clarify that across the systems which we've already demonstrated works. Let's see, simply to fill. 130 00:25:02.860 --> 00:25:22.600 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And this all gets combined here along with similator taking the Ab. In a separate synthesis pipe reproducted on the ground, which then gets diluted back into the process systems and dumped into the AV, so this will be a continuous back by the process, 13.5% loading. We expect this will take close to half a year 131 00:25:24.900 --> 00:25:39.430 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in terms of the status of all the deployment facilities we need for compliance required. If you're following along the last slide, there's a bit of clarification plans that middle Commission, and we do such a significant effect over the last several years already. So that's 132 00:25:39.500 --> 00:25:43.817 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: still working and good to go. We have this fluoric acid plant that's 133 00:25:44.160 --> 00:25:55.399 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: newly developed and built and commissioned, can be initiated at full scale test in March, earlier this year, which is completed with a performance analysis still still underway. 134 00:25:56.310 --> 00:26:04.599 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We saw this surface, molecular still at and fully closed permission, with a full scale test planned in just what 2 or 3 weeks here. 135 00:26:04.650 --> 00:26:15.410 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and the final piece of puzzle is clear regional synthesis plant which has been built, and we're now undergoing the final stages of commissioning the truncation. 136 00:26:15.570 --> 00:26:17.100 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: or that. 137 00:26:19.270 --> 00:26:35.879 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So all this to say, we are now undergoing kind of a final preparations. Besides, Fill, we've got all of our hardware that's trucking, and the final stage of commissioning, and all of the ratings have been procured. Most importantly, the killer gas, which has been on the ground for nearly 10 years. 138 00:26:36.850 --> 00:27:04.569 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Again, the initial loading point 5% national security, and that corresponds to 1.3 tons of the S tote with the loading plans well, imminently sometime in the next year, and our current projections are that very full, sensitive to 2 years interval, after 3 years of data taking, you can see kind of status in the field. Here you saw lines again are over false at Kevin's ending. That's right. Now. Here the storm was 139 00:27:04.570 --> 00:27:15.849 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: but like the point 5% of what works right here. But again, one of the main advantages is that not only the 10 scales from 140 00:27:15.850 --> 00:27:35.800 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: append to delirium. But it's the city is very highly scalable with terms of capability and affordability there until we have dinishing returns in terms of the software. But we've demonstrated that 3% that's highly possible. 141 00:27:37.766 --> 00:27:49.560 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: is that 3 years live date taking or free snow mass years or something free. 142 00:27:50.860 --> 00:27:56.739 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: But you can see I've only contract as well, but 143 00:27:56.860 --> 00:27:59.769 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: like they still gotta build a factor for that 144 00:28:00.722 --> 00:28:09.139 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and then depending on whatever enemy model ends up. Being true, this allows us to kind of grow below inverted hierarchy space. 145 00:28:11.730 --> 00:28:40.140 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Sorry just to follow it up. How many days a year do you run or hope to run? Is it operations? And so on. So forth. Do we typically get a lifetime of up to 80. 146 00:28:46.150 --> 00:28:54.160 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So going back to our converging fields level, beta decay, we've got all these different objectives every we care about. 147 00:28:54.730 --> 00:29:03.729 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and you can see that we've completed all of our waterface objectives. We put in the Concilitator, which is almost predicted to be the most significant challenge on the sunbus 148 00:29:04.710 --> 00:29:10.620 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: experiment. And we're not finalizing the quantification of backgrounds. And so that's our target order. Manage. 149 00:29:10.640 --> 00:29:24.640 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And of course we do have this technique developed for the phase. In the meantime, a nice advantage of some plus the neutral subway. A experiment is that we also have a wide range of these secondary physics capabilities. 150 00:29:24.650 --> 00:29:46.889 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So I won't go through all these detail on the top. But also we have a large suite of these results, that people are still working on similar phase, more extensive suite of of physics, capabilities, and, of course, in the even after we add the tourium. These later phase objectives will still be viable. 151 00:29:48.010 --> 00:29:55.720 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so the twitter is not projected to provide any sort of background or reduction in various capabilities with our secondary physics. 152 00:29:58.180 --> 00:30:15.260 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So one of the most recent results we've had is, is this invisible nucleopay. So these are beyond the sample model processes. Hypothetical K modes, for to only close where no visible. 153 00:30:15.920 --> 00:30:27.622 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you know, for example, neutrons decaying to invisible neutrinos products, or something like that, neutrons, and also both in model and and dual 154 00:30:28.190 --> 00:30:29.660 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: building key modes. 155 00:30:30.550 --> 00:30:34.220 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So of these various decay modes 156 00:30:34.633 --> 00:30:52.750 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we perform 1st search using this initial commissioning data in the 1st several years of our water phase, and we've since done research using these water phase with all of our model. And we've achieved or leaving limits on 4 of the 5 Dk modes 157 00:30:52.850 --> 00:30:53.960 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: there. 158 00:31:04.500 --> 00:31:09.857 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: We we also, of course, having a history of being the solar neutrino detector 159 00:31:10.420 --> 00:31:27.869 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: have been sent to solar neutrino measurement suite. So the Barney Flow neutral box has been measured with initial water phase commissioning data that the 2D here means the direction of electron recall route through the sun. So the so-called coast, the sun one being the sun 160 00:31:28.180 --> 00:31:45.269 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and initially, we had low background levels dominated by Radon egress detector using the full data set with a current background model. We also commissioned this interesting cover gas there suppresses any of this Radon egress into into the main detector body. I can see we put the background level all the way down. 161 00:31:45.990 --> 00:31:56.359 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and we've achieved this kind of a final flux here, which is in line with measuring. So by stones per day. So this is a publication that was accepted by Perry just just last week. 162 00:31:58.400 --> 00:32:27.380 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: This is using water data in the Simplator data. That's our water, our our solar measurements are still underway, but some preliminary results. So our water snow in the simplator phase, we further reduce that threshold to potentially below 1 1 Mdb, so we do. A very solar oscillation results just in one single output level now, but that's in line with current level fit values. 163 00:32:27.470 --> 00:32:29.730 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: One challenge 164 00:32:29.790 --> 00:32:43.720 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in terms of using the simplator phase is that simplation. Light is isotropic which makes directionality very challenging to determine in simplated light surpasses this struck off by 5, or 165 00:32:44.140 --> 00:32:46.740 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: but by by a pack of fitting. 166 00:32:46.900 --> 00:32:57.931 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we have developed a new which can enable event by event director construction, which 1st in any of this political firmness. So we demonstrated that using 167 00:32:58.530 --> 00:33:16.179 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: using the professional data, so this will not only enhance measurements of solar neutrinos, because we will recover directionality, but will have potential to reduce the solar neutral background in the trimless. A little bit of research which recall from from the background model earlier is one of the most significant and also reduce solar backgrounds. 168 00:33:21.770 --> 00:33:38.400 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's something else that's been looking to recently. Are these reactor antonutrinos, that check in the reactor Antitrinos to reimburse data decay. So 60% of our Ibd events occur from 3 reactors. Our experiments right here. This is a map of 169 00:33:38.530 --> 00:33:41.670 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: middle of America, the Great Lakes, so on, so forth. 170 00:33:41.710 --> 00:33:53.160 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So most of them come from these 3 reactors roughly, you know, 2 to 300 kilometers away, which gives us excellent squared to one 171 00:33:53.771 --> 00:34:01.969 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so we 1st measured our neutron from Cross Section. I think that's been recently done. We get about a 50% detection ef events. 172 00:34:02.050 --> 00:34:11.869 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And we've been able to also cheat the 1st ever measurement, correct antigeners using pure water. So that's kind of a recent result that we had. That's that that one 173 00:34:11.880 --> 00:34:13.340 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: thanks Elizabeth Barker. 174 00:34:17.260 --> 00:34:39.700 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Now, the main interest for these reference materials, especially the measurements in the Simplator phase, is that it will form this current kind of one and a half Sigma tension. These snow super cable results as well as the camera measurements here. So you know, based on on our various thoughts, we worry, we should be able to informant on that tension there. So 175 00:34:43.440 --> 00:35:07.959 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the the dominant background. But in our measurements are these so far total now, and events which are caused by 11 to 10 within the checker. But we have, determined a new policy, discrimination technique which they will separate these Idb and off end events which reflects the backgrounds. By what a factor of 10. So you can see in this part here. With the New Learning classifier, we're able to actually 176 00:35:08.200 --> 00:35:24.209 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: achievement in about 3, 2, 3 years of lifetime. But we have done a preliminary measurement, using the 1st year of some sort of data for a measurement of Delta M squared 177 00:35:24.210 --> 00:35:45.109 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: 2, 1. And this is a paper that was recently submitted about a month month ago. So you can find out on the archive and the measurement using the complete center interface data set. That's currently underway which will hopefully, very suspended moment that will be able to give them a full, clear measurement of of this this oscillation parameter here. 178 00:35:48.920 --> 00:35:57.450 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So again. That's just some of our recent results. You can see that we have a wide range of other capabilities that you're just saying that people are working on. I think 179 00:35:57.530 --> 00:36:06.570 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: if people thought about harder, there's a lot more things you can do with both the complete waterface data set and the new computer based data set. But of course. 180 00:36:06.580 --> 00:36:14.769 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: we're not close to a regular application for which, in the coming couple of years 181 00:36:15.440 --> 00:36:17.520 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and hopefully leading to this 182 00:36:18.020 --> 00:36:39.730 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: measurement of neutralist, so basically a goal for us physics. Final measurement of the backgrounds 183 00:36:39.730 --> 00:37:01.930 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: for our target of advantage is ongoing about all of our hardware, all of our needs, for that's been implemented, and it's ready to go and help us, is now in position to be the next major global firm which can initiate effective search. And in the meantime, we also have this rich suite of secondary business capabilities. So that's that's all. I got very much. 184 00:37:06.280 --> 00:37:11.580 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Thank you very much, Ben. Do we have any questions either in the room or on zoom. 185 00:37:13.310 --> 00:37:20.519 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah. Can you go back to the slide which had the tension between cam land and snow? Super? K, 186 00:37:23.070 --> 00:37:35.230 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so this is after your recent results. So is it all? These are our projections here. So I think this one is, if it's if it snows pretty like somebody is on. 187 00:37:35.320 --> 00:37:40.360 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So how much would this or green area shrink, if at all, I mean 188 00:37:40.780 --> 00:37:44.024 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the so the uncertainty in the measurement should. 189 00:37:45.510 --> 00:38:06.719 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Well, I mean depends on how much bird. So if you get really lucky or really unlucky, but I I guess the the main thing here is the uncertainty about the insurance team will be able to run 190 00:38:10.180 --> 00:38:11.870 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: there any other questions 191 00:38:12.685 --> 00:38:16.289 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: the addition of the tellurium business with. 192 00:38:16.670 --> 00:38:39.399 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I mean, it's quite you're talking about quite large concentrations ultimately, does it not have any impact on the measurements of the but I'm wondering how well your background, your your source free measurement really represents later, despite the fact that 1% loading for declaring 193 00:38:39.400 --> 00:39:01.840 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in order to maintain a competitive measurement, we, the background before it brings it down the background. Concentration. But on the benchmark would be. When we do these measurements, it's closer to about 10 to the negative, 1510 to the optical boxes 194 00:39:01.950 --> 00:39:09.270 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: so and then the main the main issue with optical properties is the function of twittering brings in. 195 00:39:09.410 --> 00:39:32.739 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: and we found that the punching can be fixed by increasing the Ppo concentration within the injector up to over 5% loading. So we we can maintain our load gains 5% loading or higher. We've only demonstrated explicitly that we can do it at 3%. But further loading of 5% or higher is likely about 8% loading. 196 00:39:33.390 --> 00:39:54.065 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And there's no, there's no thought of of doing a source free run after the investigation to see if we're able to actually take the kind of a safe way to do it. I I think there's many 197 00:39:55.160 --> 00:40:14.869 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: There's many interesting objectives there in terms of, you know, decommissioning chapter as well. We don't want to get Detroit remote increase. We can all make money off Southwest. But that that's something about. So there's a number of people seeing we can separate attention without plating it on Chapter 198 00:40:16.240 --> 00:40:45.370 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: I had a full up question on the radio, both backgrounds. So you've done the bench top measurements and with the delorium in. But what about the actual procedure of getting the delorium in like the pipes or whatnot you need to put in? Will that induce background as well? Yeah, that's a question. So we have done a full scale test of clarification. Say that we're well, well below our 199 00:40:45.380 --> 00:41:05.399 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: worst case limit of about 10 to the negative. 11 grams per graph gradient, where about at least an order 4 or 5 times that lower than that. So it's unlikely to be as low as 1017, which is our simplator backgrounds right now. But it need not not be to make a better measurement and also make sure that the background still remains of dominant to. 200 00:41:07.400 --> 00:41:08.889 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Are there any other questions? 201 00:41:09.440 --> 00:41:13.860 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yes, I know the answer to this. But is there anything you can do to improve the energy? 202 00:41:14.740 --> 00:41:35.250 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Yeah. Well, I mean, that's a floors in there. I mean, we're limited by. I guess that technology. But coverage that's not. It's a perfect coverage. And the concentrators have degraded over time. These are concentrators with so, but we are able to slightly improve it through like improving that the actual simulator itself. 203 00:41:35.250 --> 00:41:45.599 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So one of the reasons why we put it into them. That this must be used to make them more. A little more wanted is the competition we know the concentrators 204 00:41:45.930 --> 00:41:54.509 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: have degraded slightly. So there's a wave instead. So that's kind of the main main reason. Main ways. We increase that pay resolution. But our current. 205 00:41:54.610 --> 00:41:56.400 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: you know, next generation 206 00:41:56.540 --> 00:42:04.009 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: legends, and so on with significantly worse materialization. But we can win up by rapidly increasing the mass 207 00:42:06.760 --> 00:42:11.480 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: any further questions. I have a couple. I'm waiting to see if anyone else does. We have lots of time. 208 00:42:12.497 --> 00:42:17.800 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Okay, so very quickly on the liquid scintillator and the Deluri and cocktail. 209 00:42:17.890 --> 00:42:22.880 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: The obstacle. Measurements are great and stuff. But what about like aging at the time? 210 00:42:23.492 --> 00:42:37.060 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Don't expect to see already done tests or accelerated aging tests. Here we have explicitly determined stability for up to 8 to 10 years. 211 00:42:37.110 --> 00:42:53.520 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So and that's a fun thing. First, st when I started 10 years ago, set up these little tests, and every 3 weeks we know everyone experiment. There's no change in any of the properties. 212 00:42:53.590 --> 00:42:58.660 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So we've we've explicitly demonstrated that stability for years, plus. 213 00:42:59.550 --> 00:43:03.531 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And my last question was on the the solar neutrinose 214 00:43:04.430 --> 00:43:07.200 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: in particular, the sort of neutrinosis insincidator phase. 215 00:43:09.110 --> 00:43:28.010 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: So your since later phase threshold is down below one. Mev, yeah, does that mean snow? Plus now has access to cno neutrinos and things like exciting things like this 216 00:43:28.340 --> 00:43:49.799 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: which could have potential occurring stuff. But one of the main objectives for many people is to search for these low energy solar neutrinos, and also to investigate some anomalies with the spectrum as well, so that's that's the ongoing before we produce those results. 217 00:43:50.280 --> 00:43:52.730 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Awesome. Any final questions. 218 00:43:54.410 --> 00:43:57.537 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: Nope, in that case we'll thank our speaker once again. 219 00:44:01.730 --> 00:44:03.199 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: And yeah, thank you very much. 220 00:44:04.520 --> 00:44:05.340 STFC-RAL-CR03 R61: That's strange.