Williams.
And then looking at improving our losses.
So various different boxes we actually are means error.
Cuba era, which is effectively a combination er means for error, and where you are able to specify the point at which you want to transition from.
Mean squared error.
So.
Put us up by your daughter. So we have one with Delta equals one, and those.
And this we found out that mean, actually, our performance data set.
87 of our dates are.
Having a difference.
Less than 1, 5.
Now, if you focus on a mixed. So this is the combination of 2 G bar and Qct.
We do have a drop in performance as expected.
But we do also notice that for different types or multiple architectures.
We're still able to.
Has higher.
Loading.
All of our models. Decrease contracts. For so, for example, the blue line has 270
2,727 parameters.
Not so close. We're able to use more layers.
Inbox. What architecture which?
Essentially helps the model more accurately predicts.
And now another key point of
Of our an of the project.
Being able to.
Identify individual case on a mixed data set.
So as you can see here.
Our mixed model, which Greenline model, which is the deadline, and we're able to see that the mixed model is able to have the same.
Performance. Teach roughly the same performance as a Ttp model, which means I mix it so it's able to predict individual T bar.
Then we went on to restructure our data set.
So this is more in line.
With.
So lot of data come in one PIN at a time and been in this context is basically a region.
On our.
Tools.
On the same access where we we collect information.
For this method we have.
Finding the probability 1st size in that correct thing. So we choose the PIN that it's in. And then when we have that.
When we choose. Right then it's able to predict using.
Sort of track information phone.
The primary.
So focused on Gt Bar. I'm looking up networks.
Which is the Tmu single arm.
Talking about earlier. So this is so.
This visualization of what the model architecture looks like.
Approaching notes. If I made my outfit.
So simple. Rn, as what we.
To one. Parameters.
Was able to predict the correct 91% of the time.
Passing by Gru.
Which is a much more complex.
For a new network.
4,400, just because of the amount of calculations involved.
In.
Higher than.
It's also able to predict emotional time. So we're able to see that we're a much simpler.
A multiverse able to identify, to the correct.
And now, folks, and on the progression, so that actual ability to predict the primary vertex I've expected the gu performs better.
But not significantly. Zoom is a single partner still able to.
91% of our data set for within the tolerance of local regions.
Sorry.
And then we have another comparison. Looking at different bin sizes.
If this would affect a lot of data within each. So we haven't been able to look at 1, 5 inside of one and also insides of 2 cm.
We're able to see for some reason that I'm still investigating.
Stop them!
The bid to work is able to perform the best.
With 91% of that data pitch just to have a gauge of how well it performs.
So just to summarize, and we've been able to do.
Experience, a train, a mix
It's a set. But still being able to identify individual, the case.
We're able to predict the primary effects.
Using a gru on Gtp.
91% of the time.
This so leaves up.
To the point for an Fpga, which is sort of a very overarching goal.
On all these projects.
So in terms of future work and things I'm still undergoing so.
Looking into overall things.
And seeing the effect of that.
On the performance of our model to reconstruct the parameter.
Also to look into high performers of our molds in more detail, and seeing how fast performance.
Looking to increase more decades. And so I think, for example, wjets see how them our model can.
Identify and distinguish between different types of case.
And then for last point, to implement a model onto the FDA. So again, looking to reduce the amount as much as we can.
Eyes.
Fpgas resource, limited.
Thank you for listening.
Yeah. Any questions.
Other questions.
If you're if you're looking at the app because there's also issue with a pile up on this.
I. I was always wondering how pile up to Penn and all these performers.
So.
And pilots actually in there as well. So that's 1 of the tricky parts of reconstructing vertex. So.
When trained in utilizing, to identify.
Basically paddles in there, and you tell you where the actual primary is, it's able to learn.
So we sent some help in the book. The next step is that.
This part of what we're doing is looking at regions.
And.
What we also wanted to evolution is that not only pilot as well.
And multiple useful information that you can see downstream software. So the short answer is perhaps in the machine learning algorithm.
Even with pilot.
Yes.
Other questions.
Can I ask what you're using to implement this, is it? Yes. So I'm proven.
Models in Piper and Music, etc.
So do the back end through this.
Chain.
You mentioned that you I mean you're saying Cnn.
So yeah, for the Cnn will be, is essentially using a convolutional.
Leo.
With the Admiral piece on the end, so.
When you have a convolutional layer, is.
Identify features, and then, after that, you have to sort of flatten the layer and have a fully connected layer, so within that.
We have a few sets of.
That's the job for the connected layers.
Just has a few more lenses, improved performance, and.
Identify department.
Any other questions.
No. Okay. Thanks.
Okay, so next.
So.
The last 6 and a bit weeks I've been simulations for.
So the move to look.
When a neutral projectile, interacting with a like this and creating a nuclear could be a delay in the electron surrounding the nucleus that.
And there's a small probability in this delay, but it can be ionized, which is the subsequent.
Victor electron.
For the specific aim of this experiment.
Is to look at nuclear and electron recoils from the exact same vertex rate in space and time.
And so that we can unambiguously say is. And this is the observed in radio output decays.
And this will be done in optical chamber of low pressure. C. 4 gaps.
So here is another diagram. So in the experiment, we'll be using a new con source from Nyla Isis.
And we'll interact with the nucleus and then produce a recoiling.
This is important, for that matter, as it will lower the threshold, searches.
So you know, this could be implemented into tech them instead of a neutral candidate.
And then there's the electron produced and then detected.
So to move the peculiar itself.
And put the electric field from the couplion on air to the aluminium mes.
We know this many from India, but between that we have these structures called blast gems, which are very important.
So the Japanese buyer, which works virtually is amplifying the signal.
So as you can see in the diagram on the right, you have an incoming, and it will travel through holes that are drilled into the dielectric, and blacks.
And go through the gas.
Which is through the holes which is Cfo in our pace.
These little iron eyes and create more electrons and create this almost avalanche.
So from one electron, you could produce.
1 million more, which then we then be signals.
Views and conditions as well. Perspective. So it's a low pressure using the simulations.
And then it's therefore.
So here, we should diagram software that I use.
So this is.
One single bus jam created.
About the same.
Preferences as the gems use.
And you can see it's a two-fold unit. So.
So the current names.
To look at optimizing the game through these gems and simulations, and by simulating, and also separately simulating.
I know zoom losses against the oceans.
Again. I'm interested here and some of the Gen. Models. So you have the square and switcher, the dielectrics, which is the gas, and then a hole.
The electron will travel through.
So separately, and all parameters between 170 and 225 microns and steps of 5. But that was a constant induction.
And then separately from.
The adoption via also varied 400 600 870 microns.
And the adoption field is seals between the bottom copper electrodes, so the glass is plated with.
So initially, this is around 400 h for the induction. It's an induction fields.
So one of our input.
100 times at each of the inductions.
The end of the electron truck.
Through the structure.
So in both you can see the endpoints.
I don't believe you can start with. So some key things to note point 2 centimetres. That's the location of the anode, so that Peaks and all of the graphs show the electrons successfully collected by the anode in the simulation.
The gaps between just above the android and the bottom of the gems around, minus 1 9 extra.
And those endpoints will be electrons in the Cf. 4 gats.
And then across the young structure, so 0 to 1.5 8. There's an electrons that are lost to the gem itself. So this could be getting stuck to the generals or the bottom electrodes.
And, as you can see.
There isn't a great scale across the document.
Also increase the induction field.
And it's also interesting that we have losses to the gym. We seem to lose as many as we create.
It's the overlay is blue and red, so.
Then looking at the same of electrons successfully collected on the Uner.
So these are the upcomes we want to. This is the charging to collect.
And he's referred to a Gaussian peak, and so interesting.
But this is because.
That's the amount of work comes to attachment. Whilst that increases induction field, the amount lost to the gem walls and the bottom electrodes decreases, so it doesn't make much change in the overall.
You can see only 3% of 400 volts per centimetre.
Almost 11% are lost right? But then, similarly, we go to 80 to about 70%.
Produce any loss to the germ, having.
So they're looking at varying whole diameters and not the induction fields.
As you can see, it was again 170 to 235 microns.
And the percentage of the volume of the full structure taken up by the poles. You could just see the air.
Highest level.
So initially. What I did was just create the electric field that each of the balances.
The fields, and also to look at the Max Field.
So for a thousand images.
So you can see 179,800 volts for 32 at the peak. But then it's reduced to about 9,650.
I have 220.
So once I check the electric field.
I.
Because creates a distribution through the cafeteria simulations.
Of the collected success at each of the various so parameters.
So.
This is an example of one distribution that was created from the Garfield simulation in.
This is for 170. My friend.
An indication that.
Right. That's all of the damages, so that I could create.
Sharing the relationship between gain and diameter.
So it's mostly a straight line fit around.
200. 3,225. My own diameter.
At which point is a bit of a tailor. At that point I believe it's because the holes are so large. The electric field.
Is not strong enough in the horse as many electrons to get.
So it's a balance between trying to.
And.
You can see around like 210, I promise you, a 2 times increase.
In the game compared to what we currently use in the detector, which is 170 improvement.
So the outcome of that was a discussion with Rotherham.
And it's very.
For the discussion, because they kind of go up to 200 micron and create these stable gems that we can then use. So that's all out of the game. Optimize the DVD. Across the gem.
The next up. So then let's look at how winds.
The Germans, and just prepare this the whole pit the whole radius through, and see.
Zoom, and then also to look at, and the game relationship, when you start your terms on top of each other, and align or misalign the holes with each other, and see how that affects.
Thank you.
Questions.
I I haven't kept up with Jim's that's a commercial company, or are there various suppliers available.
I think they're the only.
So this is quite new. The micro.
So they do it by chemical.
This is the only one that can actually.
Very high density of calls.
Small size. So normally things.
So normally they would be done by drilling. There is new development.
Making the host with the water jet.
But nowhere near in terms of city holes that we can achieve. This is done in.
Oops, I think. Yes, so it's a normal process.
Would you be like so.
We got them without any optimization. Now we understand more, and this simulation shows that it can work better if the house are slightly bigger, and, as Gray said, we had the meeting, Elisa, but.
Make it better for you.
The questions.
This might be for me. So the information that you did say but why was it that the mental effect can improve that matter?
Not much so the electron Muslims produce.
Well, it is important because.
The nuclear.
Can be low, threshold.
So this event is not detectable.
But the electron.
Is.
Therefore this is sensitivity.
Of the detector to low energy.
Friends that are made by low mass.
Becomes the temple.
Right? So you detect the level.
Yes, I can see events due to.
A deep.
But those efforts.
That clock you showed rather simulation against each point. How long does.
That take, is it.
If you look at the statistics it would be a lot more.
And for plotting it was that something that you.
To look up their results.
The other questions.
Sorry I was just curious. But why increasing voltage.
Was, was the increase in the probability of the electoral sticking gaps.
More votes you put on, the more chance you have dragging them through.
The.
You know. So are you saying increasing the.
That would decrease the amount getting stopped in the gym, but it will increase the amount getting attached to the gas.
So senior Cfo is electromagnetic.
And the.
With including electric field, there is increased probability of CO. 4 electrons.
And therefore, you know, there is attachment, and we are losing.
Look through.
Which I follow.
I believe it's. I suppose the background of my question is, is there any data to verify theations you're you're doing.
Well, this is something that you will during the second call.
Okay, that makes sense.
Last fall.
True.
Okay? So yeah, I'm Tom. I'm working with the Google collaboration as well as so.
Yeah, essentially, while investigating is this simultaneous.
And I want to see a 4 mixers.
So.
Basically
I love. So the bit about how we make measurements and make them.
What and what exactly we're measuring. So, as Greg said, we're looking for a new build for.
Originally from converte, so just do a quick.
And just to give a quick recap of how it actually works in is modified in this double gem system. Scintillation.
Cause in probably the welcome.
And Cfo.
I'm not troubles through this. It's Indian upside through the camera. So this outload is actually transparent to.
The light, and I'll show you
Yeah, this will section.
And.
Yeah. And the camera picks up sensation, light.
And the Ito picks up basically positive from these electrons. So this is an illegal as a employer which is below the gems. And you can sort of see the hexagonal pattern.
Of the whole set.
This is probably this is the start.
Yeah. So that's a single atom sort of moving.
So why are we using a Gpsis effector of the experiment?
Well, obviously the cost of me is quite low. The gas sector is.
Also allows for this to really reconstruct it.
And basically resolve these double tracks, events.
And the way we do this is why, simultaneously and charge pluses. And you can see, because, the camera and the Ico shared a common access, which is the the idea is the resistive.
And because they share the strip access, we can publish it together and create 3 instruction.
So yeah, we'd like to simulate this simultaneous
We don't understand the process.
That's the performance.
So that's sort of what my simulation.
So what gats were used in our gas. So we'll see if was a good choice. Primarily it simulates physically.
Which is very useful for us to make.
His spectrum, and the you can see it's quite. It's very compatible with what the camera can see. The screen.
Patterns.
The 2 different lenses.
We wanted the green one, I believe, in the experiment.
Also the low number of Cn means that a lot of processing involves.
Og. Electrons and egg production will be below threshold.
So they won't add to background. And the data.
So.
What practical means?
Quote.
Low pressure is horrible. So basically, the longer trucks that we get are the easier it is to sort of distinguish.
Distinguishes double events.
And yeah.
So.
However, one of the problems with low pressure is that the.
Nietzsche have. So we get neutrons coming in. So we obviously don't have access to the dark matter. So we get neutrons coming in that will interact
Like what these need to report about 500 meters, and this pressure.
So we need a very intense.
So one way, we want to add moving gases to C. 4 already used in these leading dark matter detectors. So if these detectors can make use to miggle effects.
I think we're essentially
Basically increase subsidy to lower mass particles. So we get range.
Yeah. So also.
We've observed. This is data taken by people.
And basically, as you increase the concentration of Cfo taking 12.
Well, roughly, the same upcharge collectors on the it.
You get
Increased amount of light production.
So that's that's really good for us. Basically, we can lower the energy threshold.
While maintaining the same Gen. Dv. We don't have to crack up the game so high, which can risk discharges and it lets us resolve no energy.
And also. Yeah. So disabled ratio would be improved for tracks as well.
So this is. This is an we tried a new haven spec. We've yet to get into.
So if we want to simulate this stuff, we need some geometry. So we need one of the geometry and GM. And g metal to allow us to put in a 3 mesh over the 3 model.
Basically define an analysis of the point on the.
On the match.
Yeah, they were not. Box deals with the.
From gas interactions. And
Like, try electron.
Prompts. And then also basically allows us to actually drift the electrons.
These the the source ideas to create a simulation and
So
Get rid of that phone bar. But it says, Yeah, so these. This is some test. I ran on a single gen model basically from here. So this this, but
To Theodoras might see that potential. And some test out chips with single electron. Just to make sure everything's working. Okay.
This is the Gemini itself, as good shows top to bottom.
Yep. So in terms of current work, to make sure that our simulations can handle charged correctly, and if they can, then we'll move on to single cables, charge, live.
Measurements.
So in terms of measuring charge collectors.
Basically this is the plot also taken from data that shows gain so number of electrons out over primary electrons.
So we started with 0.
And see what electron number to make it.
And
Monetary should follow in.
So I got some results. Show you.
Basically, distribution is plus graduate with our game club.
In my case it was very well described in distribution.
So yeah, this, the different Tvs, we found,
But hey, this, you got some description to it on the and this is what you see here. This is the middle.
So I mean, there's no part to remember. They do agree, and is documented, that there is a.
Roughly a factor of 2 discrepancy between simulation and experimental measurements.
So yeah,
So the script is more, and we'd quite like to know the the rough shape of the child and light simulation results. So just so we can see.
Discusses some of the data we have. So we're gonna move on from getting simulations for now and go straight onto the charging line.
Simulations.
Yeah, there is some work being done to investigate the discrepancy.
But we'll move on to charging like, for now.
So basically, if we want to,
If you want to simulate scintillation, and, like merchant, it'd be good. I had to know the processes that are.
Going on.
So. Nc, 4 we've got an excitation.
We set up because neutral association c. 3. In these 7 states.
So, yeah, these are just the assumption.
And then this C, 3 star.
Will decay and release.
That's the process in Gillette for.
And then I've gone. So when I've gone, you get a collision with electronic.
I'm particularly excited.
This day can then go out and set 4 excited C. 4. Star, which again on the go to Neutral Association.
It's about sorry.
Trying to get rid of that bar.
So.
Energy.
So.
How can we basically track the amount of insulation that's occurring? And what information can we get out of my box? So I managed to get out. Basically, details of all the collisions.
That are occurring, so we can say, well what process is occurring up to the.
Is it all exclusive?
Is there? What is the energy change, the electron or the energy level of the excitation.
So that's this one here. We can count how many bridge level, and we can also track where to happen.
So if we want to look at
If you want to, for example, restriction to the lower gem, because scintillation from higher probably won't.
You mentioned by the camera.
Then, that's definitely something. My thoughts.
So what we have now is a way to track the number of collisions, but it's not clear how that how we can get the amount of insulation by produced out that.
So.
Yeah, first, st that and again, is to.
Identify the relevant levels. So this level is the Neutral Association level.
So electrifying.
Oh!
And cause. Ev.
And yeah, as I started 12.9 7, these were identified.
And then the actual process by which we can track in.
Of the number of collisions into the amount of sensation like this.
It's basically like this.
I would assume one post when Cfo start one of those previously levels in a collision model does.
Then, essentially, we, we say 1 min on this piece.
Yeah. So then, we can sort of roughly corresponds to how much.
And we can then.
That number against the charge.
Obviously that assumes that the AI style.
Move the lines in Seattle with probability, one in reality a portion of the time.
Frequency sound.
So we can then, make this probability of the excitation.
And so, yeah.
Find out what it is we want to say.
And actually more compared to.
This is what we're trying to use as well.
And hopefully understand more about the fact. You get more like.
Out for giving up charge.
With increased loans. That's just.
So yeah, basically, where we are now is the code is more or less finished. The simulation just needs to run. And hopefully, we'll get some results in.
But that's pretty much everything.
Look at sheets.
So you're generating this scalation light fairly close.
If I understand the.
Region. You cannot use the situation like this camera.
So I think some work has been done about like going.
Up and down.
I'm I'm up until well, we have 2 gems.
Some amount so majority, because the highest number of charging highest number of.
Collisions happens in the second, yeah, security of the skill comes from the second show. And then I'm just a little interested in the optics, because you refer to a Cmos camera. So you've actually got fairly.
Distributed source of light, which is isotropy, I mean. How do you? How do you actually, what sort of image you get? I'm not clear. So.
I mean, there's that image at the start of
This nuclear. I'm not.
100% sure of the details of the camera itself, and how it works.
I think I'd probably say it's Hubble expert.
So so some updates, this work doesn't include any live trace.
So at the moment, we also.
Understand what is happening at the level, and see what is the ratio of.
Bottom spare anization. Electron? Yes, and then.
I I think going into images is much beyond.
It's got the the discrepancy between data and and Gaia looks better off, too. I was wondering.
The earth's dispensing.
Having Gaza from basically effects, because your geometry is not correctly.
Simulated as, and so
It. It's been. It's been documented with other people. I don't think it's down to the geometry.
What it seems to be
Not 100% sure. But I think it's.
The idea that people have is that
You have to be able to small.
Region potentially, even within a region of the mes.
Like a single element of the mesh.
And if it does stop, then basically
The Gap. Simulation will happen at the Central valley, and
Yeah, so.
Over a mean, free.
So it's it's through being like the low pressure. Basically, it's not to do with the geometry.
And it's it's electric. Fielding rapidly.
Directly for the simulation sort of.
On greatness.
Because the action under low pressure, so.
50, goal, 64.
It's not something that is well understood in terms of.
Think, zoom, performance.
And therefore.
Well, there's ongoing work to understand how to.
Setup simulation. The distance between collisions.
Is compatible with the rapid changes of the electric field, and maybe this is the source of.
The problem.
But already factor of it.
Okay. Thanks.
So I just wanted to mention that we also had one other student who some of you may have met who finished last week. So she gave her presentations at the Atlas group, but wasn't able to give her talk. At this seminar. She was working.
On large tracking for the Atlas.
Trigger. That's binding tracks from articles that originate not at the interaction point, but further out. So 30 cm away, and she managed to implement that and optimise it, and gets.
The results. So
Yes.
So let's say all our Vp.
Okay. Thank you. Very good.